Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Status in the Term Newborns and Their Clinical and Other Laboratory Correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Kumer Dey ◽  
Ismat Jahan ◽  
Shabuj Mkh ◽  
Chandan Kumar Shaha ◽  
Suparna Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cord Blood Sample ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Impact

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme defect in man. Though G6PD deficiency affects every cell in the body, its primary effects are hematological. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the G6PD enzyme concentration and deficiency states among the term newborns, to see the impact of the enzyme status with development of neonatal jaundice and to delineate any correlation of the G6PD with other hematological values. Materials and Method: Total 100 term newborns were enrolled in the study. Umbilical cord blood sample from the placental end were collected for G6PD enzyme assay, blood counts including reticulocyte count, blood indices and bilirubin estimation. Clinical and other relevant data were collected. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 19.0 version. Results: Overall G6PD activity was detected 9.86 ± 1.68 U/g Hb and no G6PD enzyme deficiency state was identified. There were no statistically significant differences in the hematological parameters and cord blood bilirubin concentration between male and females. But females have significantly higher G6PD enzyme concentration than males (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in the enzyme concentration in different gestational age groups. There was significant negative correlation between G6PD enzyme and hemoglobin levels, G6PD enzyme concentration with HCT and MCV values. Conclusion: This study could not identify any G6PD deficiency state. So further large scale community-based study is needed to validate this finding and also establish the normal G6PD enzyme concentration in the population of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :18-23

scholarly journals The impact of using primaquine without prior G6PD testing: a case series describing the obstacles to the medical management of haemolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy S. Chu ◽  
Germana Bancone ◽  
Nay Lin Soe ◽  
Verena I. Carrara ◽  
Gornpan Gornsawun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Impact

Radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals employs weekly primaquine dosing. This is the only recommended regimen for this patient sub-group. If national malaria programs mandate daily primaquine dosing (the recommended regimen for G6PD normal individuals), then G6PD testing before prescription is necessary to avoid iatrogenic haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals. In this case series, two P. vivax infected patients with unknown G6PD status from two different countries were prescribed primaquine as per national malaria program guidelines. During treatment both patients presented to the clinic with symptoms of anaemia after taking primaquine incorrectly. The clinical management of the iatrogenic severe haemolysis that occurred in these patients demonstrates the various adverse effects primaquine can cause, that other common medical treatments also have haemolytic potential, and how the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency can be elusive during acute haemolysis. Health care providers should provide careful instructions about primaquine dosing, be watchful for haemolysis, and have a high index of suspicion for G6PD deficiency in the presence of haemolysis if the G6PD status is previously unknown.

BIO-LAW AS A NEW GENERATION OF LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Irina A. Umnova-Koniukhova ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Aleshkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

The development of national and international biotechnology law in the context of new constitutional priorities, threats and challenges to life, public health and safety, is one of the current and yet under-researched topics in the scientific legal literature. Unfortunately, pro-gress in the life sciences is proceeding faster than the legal thinking that should accompany them. Breakthroughs in biology and medicine dictate the corresponding development of law, which today unfortunately lags chronically behind, resulting in gaps and contradictions between existing legal norms. As contemporary researchers have noted, and as is also evident in judicial practice, the issues of regulating the objects of bio-law - the body, life, procreation, self-identification, and ecology - mirror the contradictions of our society. The need to legally regulate the application of biotechnology has led to the formation of bioclaw as a new, integrated set of laws and, in the long term, as a branch of law of a new generation. As a response to the rapid introduction of advances in biotechnology into human life, we believe that bio-law must take into account the benefits and challenges associated with the impact of new technologies on the human body that may fundamentally alter the human condition as a physical individual. In this case, ethical issues, i. e. the requirements of bioethics, lead to a reflection on the content of bioethics in contemporary democracies and legal states. In particular, the introduction of technologies associated with gene editing, cloning, surrogacy, transplantation medicine, sex reassignment surgeries and other interventions into human nature, the consequences of which are not fully understood and threaten the physical and mental health of individuals, can cause irreparable harm to the spiritual, social, moral and ethical foundations of individuals, families, society, states and humanity as a whole. In our opinion, in the next few decades, bio-law will emerge as a global, integrated branch of law that simultaneously incorporates the norms of international law and national law. The main purpose of bio-law as a new branch of law is to counteract the global threat to humanity which consists in the emergence of a trend toward mass, large-scale changes to human nature and its unique natural qualities through the use of biotechnological advances. Therefore, the object of regulation and, accordingly, protection by this branch of law is not only the individual, his or her physical and spiritual health, but humanity as a whole, current and future generations. The uniqueness of bio-law as a new branch of law also lies in the fact that the individual, humanity, present and future generations are both the objects and subjects of law. The integrated nature of bioprinciples is manifested in the close connection of public and private interests with the obvious predominance of the public significance of their legal norms.

scholarly journals Management perspectives on country of origin

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arooj Rashid ◽  
Liz Barnes ◽  
Gary Warnaby
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Retail Branding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a new perspective by conceptualising country of origin (COO) from a management perspective, identifying the impact different COO constructs have in the context of fashion retailer and manufacturer businesses. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study comprises a series of in-depth interviews with key informants from large-scale fashion retailers and manufacturers in the UK. Findings – The major findings of this research demonstrate that COO is considered a strategic business imperative but manifests in a variety of ways depending on brand positioning, long-term strategic plans, expertise, and brand values, etc. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to the body of knowledge about the importance of COO. The findings of this research will have practical implications for manufacturers and retailers, informing the debate on the value of the “Made in […]” epithet. Findings are limited to the UK fashion clothing industry. Originality/value – This research presents a new perspective on the COO construct, addressing it from a management rather than consumer perspective. It argues that COO can be considered as a strategic dimension, which is manifested in a variety of ways. COO has been extensively researched from a consumer point of view but this research takes a new approach by presenting findings from a managerial point of view, with fashion manufacturing and retail branding as the context.

scholarly journals Cord Blood Antibody Seroprevalance Against Diphtheria, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps and Rubella among Term Healthy Indian Newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S323-S324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak James ◽  
Jula Lavanya ◽  
Sanjay Verma ◽  
Amit Rawat ◽  
Venkataseshan S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cord Blood Sample ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Tdap Vaccine ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract Background The resurgence of vaccine preventable diseases in young infants is a matter of concern worldwide. The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalance of protective antibodies against diphtheria, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella antigens in cord blood among term Indian newborns, at birth. Methods Apparently healthy term newborns, delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India, over two year period (Apr 15-March 17) were enrolled after taking informed written consent from their parents; and their cord blood sample was collected. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institute Ethics committee, before enrolling subjects. Cord blood samples were tested for antibodies using commercial ELISA kits IMMUNOLAB IgG. Results A total of 160 newborns (M:F = 86:74) were enrolled. In our study, antibodies (IgG) against diphtheria toxin (DT) were > 0.1 IU/mL in 44.4% (71/160), 0.01 to 0.1 IU/mL in 53.1% (85/160) and < 0.01 IU/mL in 2.5% (4/160). None of their mothers received Tdap vaccine in past. Antibodies (IgG) against pertussis toxin (PT) > 40 U/mL were seen in 41.2% (66/160). Out of these 66 children, 23 had titres > 100 U/mL. Total of 58.8% (94/160) children had antibodies < 40 U/mL. Out of these 94 children, 48 had titers < 20 U/mL. Antibodies (IgG) against measles antigen were > 12 IU/mL in 88.8% (142/160). A total of 11.2 (18/160) had titers below 12 IU/mL. Out of these 18 children, 5 had titers < 6 IU/mL. Antibodies (IgG) against mumps antigen were > 12 IU/mL in 83.1% (133/160). A total of 16.9% (27/160) had titers below 12 IU/mL. Out of these 27 children, 12 had titers < 6 IU/mL. Antibodies (IgG) against rubella antigen were > 12 IU/mL in 83.7% (134/160). A total of 16.3% (26/160) had titers below 12 IU/mL. Out of these 26 children, 22 had titers < 6 IU/mL. Conclusion Only 44.4% of studied newborns were fully protected (> 0.1 IU/mL) against diphtheria, because of maternal antibodies. As correlates of protection for pertussis are not yet defined; those having anti-PT titers >100 IU/mL i.e., 14.3% (23/160) were most protected; while those having titers < 20 U/mL i.e., 30% (48/160) were least protected. Out of studied newborns, fully protected (>12 IU/mL) against measles, mumps and rubella were 88.8%, 83.1% and 83.7% respectively. Acknowledgement. PGI Intramural research grant Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Neonatal screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Muzaffer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Objective: To determine the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the population tested, and to evaluate the prevalence of neonatal jaundice in newborns with G6PD deficiency. Methods: Cord blood of all babies born between October 1996 and October 1998 at the Royal Commission Medical Center in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, was screened for G6PD deficiency by fluorescent spot test. The results of screening of cord blood samples were reported to the physician in charge, and also placed on the files of the babies and their mothers. These babies were observed for 72 h and discharged if no jaundice developed. Results: During this two-year period, 2505 neonatal cord blood samples from 1278 boys and 1227 girls were screened for G6PD. There were 50 positive results for G6PD deficiency (39 boys and 11 girls), and the prevalence was estimated to be around 2%. The sex-specific prevalence for boys was 3.05%, and for girls 0.9%. Male to female ratio was 3:1. Neonatal jaundice developed in six (12%) babies, five male and one female. All were treated with phototherapy and discharged within one week of birth. Conclusion: The prevalence of G6PD is relatively high in Yanbu. Routine neonatal screening in areas with a high prevalence of G6PD in Saudi Arabia is justifiable.

scholarly journals Unorthodox: An ancient tradition - A contemporary context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anne Isaac
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
Church Design ◽  
The Impact

<p>For decades, New Zealand historians and architects have sought answers to the question: What is New Zealand architecture? New Zealand longs for a place in the architectural world, seeking the significance of our buildings in the wider realm of world architecture. In 2016, in a presentation based on his book Worship: a history of New Zealand church design, Bill McKay suggested that perhaps, “our most interesting architecture lies in the intersections of our cultures”.  An opportunity is offered by the current shifts of New Zealand society where the impact of immigration on society is one of the most pressing issues that currently needs addressing. This thesis endeavours to explore the specific relationship between the heritage and culture of the existing Assyrian community and its context of Wellington, with reference to McKay’s suggestion that our most interesting architecture is birthed from the intersection of different cultures.  Socially speaking, sense of identity and place attachment play a vital role in the integration of migrant communities into their new home country. Recalling and employing elements of not only tangible Assyrian heritage, but also the intangible qualities found in traditional Assyrian architecture, has the potential to create the connection and enhance the sense of identity which allows for the feeling of belonging in migrants in their host society. This thesis focuses on the space of worship.   This project of an Assyrian Orthodox church building in New Zealand might reflect the life of the migrants who occupy it. Is it a replica of the traditional building in its original context, unchanged and uninfluenced by the shift to a new place? Or is it influenced and integrated; a building which can identify with the soil it stands on? Furthermore, if one considers that architecture reflects society, it is hoped that this design led research will participate in the discussion about New Zealand architecture’s unique identity and emerging new societal makeup.  This design led research discovers that creating a sense of belonging relies on both keeping aspects of the traditional and gaining influence from its new context. As focus shifts from the design of the building at a large scale to details and objects at a small scale, it becomes more important to reflect and retain the traditional qualities of the architecture. At a large scale, the building may be influenced by its context so as to be integrated into its new place, as if it belongs within its new urban fabric. As we move into the smaller scale in design, we draw closer to the body. It is these elements of the design which an occupant experiences more intimately, and through sensory experience and triggering memories of home, can help to create a feeling of belonging. The main findings of this research express the close relationship between architectural scales of intervention and the effects of individual and collective memory.</p>

scholarly journals Nucleotide Variability atG6pdand the Signature of Malarial Selection in Humans

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Saunders ◽  
Michael F Hammer ◽  
Michael W Nachman
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
Signature Of Selection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in humans. Deficiency alleles for this X-linked disorder are geographically correlated with historical patterns of malaria, and the most common deficiency allele in Africa (G6PD A-) has been shown to confer some resistance to malaria in both hemizygous males and heterozygous females. We studied DNA sequence variation in 5.1 kb of G6pd from 47 individuals representing a worldwide sample to examine the impact of selection on patterns of human nucleotide diversity and to infer the evolutionary history of the G6PD A-allele. We also sequenced 3.7 kb of a neighboring locus, L1cam, from the same set of individuals to study the effect of selection on patterns of linkage disequilibrium. Despite strong clinical evidence for malarial selection maintaining G6PD deficiency alleles in human populations, the overall level of nucleotide heterozygosity at G6pd is typical of other genes on the X chromosome. However, the signature of selection is evident in the absence of genetic variation among A-alleles from different parts of Africa and in the unusually high levels of linkage disequilibrium over a considerable distance of the X chromosome. In spite of a long-term association between Plasmodium falciparum and the ancestors of modern humans, patterns of nucleotide variability and linkage disequilibrium suggest that the A-allele arose in Africa only within the last 10,000 years and spread due to selection.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Time-frequency Feature Extraction Techniques for Large Scale Electroencephalogram Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Impact

Recognition of human emotions is a fascinating research field that motivates many researchers to use various approaches, such as facial expression, speech or gesture of the body. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is another approach of recognizing human emotion through brain signals and has offered promising findings. Although EEG signals provide detail information on human emotional states, the analysis of non-linear and chaotic characteristics of EEG signals is a substantial problem. The main challenge remains in analyzing EEG signals to extract relevant features in order to achieve optimum classification performance. Various feature extraction methods have been developed by researchers, which mainly can be categorized under time, frequency or time-frequency based feature extraction methods. Yet, there are numerous setting that could affect the performance of any model. In this paper, we investigated the performance of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT), which are time-frequency domain methods using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification techniques. Different SVM kernel functions and distance metrics of KNN are tested in this study by using subject-dependent and subject -independent approaches. The experiment is implemented using publicly available DEAP dataset. The experimental results show that DWT is mostly suitable with weighted KNN classifier while DWPT reported better results when tested using Linear SVM classifier to accurately classify the EEG signals on subject-dependent approach. Consistent results are observed for DWT-KNN on subject-independent approach, however SVM works better in the setting of quadratic kernel functions. These results indicate that further investigation is significant to examine the impact of different setting of methods in analyzing large scale of EEG data

scholarly journals The impact of using primaquine without prior G6PD testing: a case series describing the obstacles to the medical management of haemolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Cindy S. Chu ◽  
Germana Bancone ◽  
Nay Lin Soe ◽  
Verena I. Carrara ◽  
Gornpan Gornsawun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Impact

Radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals employs weekly primaquine dosing. This is the only recommended regimen for this patient sub-group. If national malaria programs mandate daily primaquine dosing (the recommended regimen for G6PD normal individuals), then G6PD testing before prescription is necessary to avoid iatrogenic haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals. In this case series, two P. vivax infected patients with unknown G6PD status from two different countries were prescribed primaquine as per national malaria program guidelines. During treatment both patients presented to the clinic with symptoms of anaemia after taking primaquine incorrectly. The clinical management of the iatrogenic severe haemolysis that occurred in these patients demonstrates the various adverse effects primaquine can cause, that other common medical treatments also have haemolytic potential, and how the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency can be elusive during acute haemolysis. Health care providers should provide careful instructions about primaquine dosing, be watchful for haemolysis, and have a high index of suspicion for G6PD deficiency in the presence of haemolysis if the G6PD status is previously unknown.

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