scholarly journals Azadirachta indica and Terminalia arjuna Leaf Extracts Induce Death of Bacterial Cells Involving Aggregation of Proteins

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Miraj Kobad Chowdhury ◽  
Nazmul Ahsan ◽  
Anwarul Azim Akhand
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Different parts of various plants or their extracts have been used to treat a number of diseases from the ancient time due to their therapeutic value. However, their mechanism of actions remains mostly undiscovered. In this study, brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality and antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica and Terminalia arjuna ethanolic leaf extracts were investigated. A. indica extract showed greater brine shrimp cytotoxicity with lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value of 36.813 mg/ml, whereas the LC50 value of T. arjuna extract was 44.157 mg/ml. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts was assayed by agar-well diffusion method and it was found that both of the extracts were effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Later, we found that the cellular proteins isolated from Shigella dysenteriae, which were treated with both of the plant extracts, were aggregated. This aggregation of proteins was demonstrated by detection of protein bands at the upper portion of both of the stacking and separating gels. The extracts-mediated aggregation of cellular proteins might be responsible for the cytotoxic effect that ultimately caused death of the bacterial cells. All of the above results suggest that both of the plant extracts have potential bioactivities that may have therapeutic value. These findings may lead us to develop new effective medicine in future. Key words: Azadirachta indica; Terminalia arjuna; Brine shrimp; Antibacterial activity; Protein aggregationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4873 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 115-121

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

scholarly journals The Effects of Extracts of Lantana camara (L.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) on the Population Dynamics of Plutella xylostella, Brevicoryne brassicae and Hellula undalis on Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
J. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Hellula Undalis

<p>The effects of ethanolic extract of neem, <em>Azadirachta indica</em> (Meliaceae), seeds and petroleum ether extract of <em>Lantana camara</em> leaves (Verbenaceae) on the populations of three cabbage pests, <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> and <em>Hellula undalis</em> were studied. The study was conducted between January and April 2008. Extracts of the two plants were sprayed on cabbage plants to control these pests. A standard synthetic chemical insecticide (Mektin) was used as reference product. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated four times. The effects of plant extracts on the population dynamics of the pests’ species, the level of infestation and yield were assessed. Significantly more of the pests infested the control plants than the treated plants (<em>P</em>&lt; 0.01). The mean weight of cabbage heads on the sprayed plots was significantly heavier than that of the control unsprayed plots. The use of <em>A. indica</em> seeds and <em>L. camara</em> leaf extracts increased yield by 37.05% and 25.80%, respectively. Spraying the cabbage plants with the plant extracts significantly reduced the numbers of pests compared with the control plants. The use of these plant extracts can be incorporated into an overall control programme of these pests.</p>

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES AND PLANT EXTRACTS IN CONTROL OF FUSARIUM ROT OF TOMATO FRUITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Govind Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Fusarium Rot

In the present study few Fungicides and Plant extracts were tested for the control of Fusarium rot of tomato fruits, among fungicides Carbendazim was found to be the most effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth of Fusarium solani. In the case of leaf extracts, the leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) reduced effectively the incidence of Fusarium rot of tomato fruits.

scholarly journals Studies on Antibacterial Activity and Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Leaf Extract of Cassia grandis

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Awal ◽  
Syed Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
E Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Bioassay Test

Antibacterial activity and toxicity of ethanol extract of Cassia grandis leaves to Brine Shrimp was evaluated. Five Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative bacteria, namely Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus ß-haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested using disc diffusion method. The extract was inactive at the concentration of 30 μg/disc but exhibited moderate to good activity at concentration of 200 μg/disc against the tested bacteria. In Brine Bhrimp lethality bioassay test, it was observed that LC50 value of the extract was 10.68 μg/ml. From these findings, it is indicative that C. grandis may be useful against microbial diseases. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Brine shrimp, Cassia grandis   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2966 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 17-19

Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider M. Hassan ◽  
Zi-Hua Jiang ◽  
Christina Asmussen ◽  
Emma McDonald ◽  
Wensheng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Cornus Canadensis ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Hassan, H. M., Jiang, Z.-H., Asmussen, C., McDonald, E. and Qin, W. 2014. Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 417–424. In the present study, the antibacterial activity (in vitro) of the leaf and/or flower crude extracts of Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth & Hook.f., Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Apocynum androsaemifolium L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, Cornus canadensis L. and Xanthium strumarium L. medicinal plants was analyzed through the hole-plate diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas caviae, Paenibacillus alvei, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, the time-kill dynamic processes of these extracts against A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria were also tested. The leaf and flower extracts of Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa possess significant antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested, with inhibition of A. caviae, P. alvei and M. luteus within 1–12 h of incubation at MBC. Particularly, at higher concentrations of the Anap. margaritacea flower crude extract (2–3×MBC), inhibition of A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria is achieved between 0.5 and 4 h of incubation. In addition, these extracts exhibit high inhibition diameters (majority > 18 mm) and low MIC and/or MBCs (majority=1.25 mg mL−1). In contrast, the leaf extracts of Arct. uva-ursi, X. strumarium, Apoc. androsaemifolium and C. canadensis plants demonstrate moderate to low activity. These results indicate that extracts from Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa could be a source of novel antimicrobial scaffolds, compounds or pharmacophores with implications in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine.

Antibacterial Activity of Plants Used in Cooking for Aroma and Taste

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2820-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. HARA-KUDO ◽  
A. KOBAYASHI ◽  
Y. SUGITA-KONISHI ◽  
K. KONDO
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Thirty-three plants used in cooking for aroma and taste were examined for antibacterial activity against pathogens causing foodborne infections. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to many kinds of plant extracts, whereas Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Enteritidis populations decreased in only six, one, and three plant extracts, respectively. The polyphenol content in the plants was significantly different between the antibacterial plants and nonantibacterial plants, indicating that the polyphenols were related to the antibacterial action of these plants. Antibacterial activity of various concentrations of leaf extracts from Japanese persimmon, white cedar, and grape were investigated. Japanese persimmon and white cedar leaf extracts at low concentrations affected L. monocytogenes and V. parahaemolyticus rapidly. With grape leaf extract at low concentrations, the population of L. monocytogenes decreased similarly to Japanese persimmon and white cedar leaves. This study demonstrates that many plants used in cooking for aroma and taste contain polyphenols and exhibit antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.

Polyphenolic profile, antibacterial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of leaf extracts from six Tunisian spontaneous species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Tlili ◽  
Andreana Marino ◽  
Giovanna Ginestra ◽  
Francesco Cacciola ◽  
Luigi Mondello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Toxicity ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

scholarly journals Investigations of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (46) ◽  
pp. 3159-3163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pokhrel Bharat ◽  
Rijal Sagar ◽  
Raut Sulav ◽  
Pandeya Ankit
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extracts

scholarly journals Leaf Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Terminalia arjuna Induce Death of HeLa cells without DNA Degradation

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miraj Kobad Chowdhury ◽  
Nazmul Ahsan ◽  
Anwarul Azim Akhand
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Prevention And Cure

Cancer is one of the major causes of death all over the world. Different attempts have been taken forthe prevention and cure of this devastating disease. Along with various chemically synthesized drugs, extracts fromdifferent medicinal plants have been studied to combat cancer. In this study, the effects of leaf extracts fromAzadirachta indica and Terminalia arjuna have been investigated on HeLa cells, a well known human cancer cellline. Both of the extracts were found to cause death of HeLa cells dose-dependently. However, the extract of T.arjuna was found more promising than the extract of A. indica in mediating cell death. At a concentration of 50μg/ml, T. arjuna extract killed 95% cells, whereas the same concentration of A. indica extract killed only 55% cells.In many cases, cell death induced by various chemicals often involves fragmentation of DNA. In this study, theextracts of both plants did not induce any detectable level of HeLa cell DNA fragmentation as demonstrated byagarose gel electrophoresis. This result argued that the cell death might occur before initiation of the process ofcellular DNA fragmentation bypassing the apoptotic pathway of cell death.Key words: Cancer; Cell death; Azadirachta indica; Terminalia arjuna.DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v8i1.5339Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 8(1): 75-79, 2009 (June)

Antibacterial Activity against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of Trichilia megalanthaHarms and Trichilia welwitschii C. DC

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Philip A. Idowu ◽  
Tajudeen A. Adegbenle
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Increasing resistance of typhoidal Salmonella enterica to conventional antibiotics has caused more cases of typhoid, therapeutic failure, morbidity and mortality; creating the need to search for new and effective antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants. The present study aimed to detect antisalmonella activity and cytotoxicity (safety) status of the stem bark and leaves of two Nigerian medicinal plants, Trichilia megalantha and Trichilia welwitschii. Nine clinical isolates of Salmonella paratyphi, whose antibiogram were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were used. Antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts on the clinical isolates were done by agar cup diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively. Acute toxicity of the extracts was determined using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). All the nine isolates of Salmonella paratyphi were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics (augmentin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and ampicillin) but susceptible to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. The crude extracts of the two plants elicited activity against the nine clinical isolates with the bark extracts being more active than the leaf extracts. T. welwitschii was slightly less active than T. megalantha. The MIC and MBC ranged 1.25 - 5.0 mg/ ml and 2.5 - 10 mg/ml, respectively for the plants. The antisalmonella activity of methanolic extracts of both plants were found to be less than that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. With modal cytotoxicity values of 400 - 500 μg/ml, the plant parts were considered nontoxic. Therefore, T. megalantha and T. welwitschii could provide a potential source of antibacterial agent(s) for the treatment of Salmonella paratyphoid infections. Keywords: Trichilia megalantha; Trichilia welwitschii, antisalmonella; cytotoxicity; Salmonella paratyphi 

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