scholarly journals Antidepressant effects of Mentha pulegium in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
Mostafa Gholami ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Nitrite Content

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study is to investigate the antidepressant effects of <em>Mentha pulegium</em> essential oil in BALB/c mice. Six experimental groups (7 mice each) were used. Forced swim test was performed 30 min after essential oil injection. In the groups receiving <em>M. pulegium</em> essential oil (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg), immobility duration significantly decreased compared to the control group. <em>M. pulegium</em> (50 and 75 mg/kg) resulted in significant decrease in nitrate/nitrite content in serum compared to the control group. <em>M. pulegium</em> essential oil antidepressant effect that may be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress.  The results showed that decrease in nitrate/nitrite content in serum and high anti-oxidant effects of M. pulegium essential oil.</p><p><strong>Video clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/qfmjCf5FNMk">Immobility in Forced Swim Test</a>: 13 sec</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/oqWS13JzQtQ">Mobility in Forced Swim Test</a>: 19 sec</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Assessment of anti-depressant activity of omega 3 fatty acids in rodents

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2353
Author(s):  
Arshaduddin Ahmed Syed ◽  
Kamathi Vipin Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Depression contributes to significant disease burden at national and global levels. At the personal and domestic level too, depression leads to poor quality of life, causing a huge socioeconomic impact. In the world, over 300 million people are estimated to have depression and the numbers of depressed persons are only projected to go up.Methods: The forced swim test (FST) is one of the most commonly used animal models for assessment of antidepressant effects in rodents. In the modified version of this test, the rats are forced to swim in a glass tank with no means of escape, inducing a behaviour of immobility, which resembles a state of despair, akin to depression in humans. The rats were divided into 6 groups: 1. control group: treated with distilled water; 2. standard group treated with fluoxetine Hcl (10mg/kg); 3.test-1 group treated with omega-3 FAs (300mg/kg); 4.test-2 group treated with a higher dose of omega-3 FAs (500 mg/kg); 5.test-3 group treated with omega-3 FAs (300mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10mg/kg); and 6.test-4 group treated with omega-3 FAs (500 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10mg/kg).Results: The independent between-groups ANOVA yielded a statistically highly significant result, F (5, 30) = 9.47, P <0.001. Thus, the null hypothesis of no difference between the means was rejected. To further evaluate the nature of the differences between the means of the six groups, the statically significant ANOVA result was followed by Tukey's honest significant difference post-hoc tests.Conclusions: This study finds that omega 3 fatty acids have intrinsic antidepressant activity, and the combination of fluoxetine and omega 3 fatty acids has significantly more antidepressant effect than fluoxetine alone in the forced swim test done on Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Interaction between perineuronal nets and ketamine in antidepressant action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin K Young ◽  
Kachina G Kinley ◽  
Neil McNaughton
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Perineuronal Nets ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Infralimbic Cortex ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Depression is highly prevalent, increases suicide risk, and is now the leading cause of disability worldwide. Our ability to treat depression is hampered by the lack of understanding of its biological underpinnings and of the mode of action of effective treatments. We hypothesised that the scaffolding proteins in the medial frontal cortex play a major role in effective antidepressant action. We implanted cannulae into the infralimbic cortex to inject chABC and locally remove perineuronal nets and then tested for antidepressant effects with the forced swim test. We further tested if systemic injections of ketamine had an additive effect. Our preliminary data indicate that neither the removal of these scaffolding proteins nor ketamine were sufficient to decrease depression-like behaviour, but may interact synergistically to decrease immobility time in the forced swim test.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Antidepressant-Like Effect of Genistein and Its Combination with Amitriptyline: An Acute and Chronic Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Tay Jia Jia ◽  
Lim Yee Woon ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽  
Mayuren Candasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Chronic Study

The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic antidepressant effect of genistein in combination with amitriptyline in mice. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6) for treatment with water, genistein, or amitriptyline, either alone or in combination for ten days. Animals were subjected to locomotor activity testing; tail suspension test (TST); and forced swim test (FST) and immobility time was recorded on day one and day ten. Acute treatment of all treatment groups did not significantly reduce the immobility time (p>0.05). Chronic treatment of combination of genistein (10 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time as compared to control group (p<0.001) and was comparable to amitriptyline alone (10 mg/kg). However, no changes in anti-immobility activity in combination of subeffective doses of genistein (5 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) were observed. Genistein at its standard dose (10 mg/kg) rendered synergistic effects in combination with subeffective dose of amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) and additive effects in combination with therapeutic dose of amitriptyline (10 mg/kg).

scholarly journals Neonatal treatment with fluoxetine reduces depressive behavior induced by forced swim in adult rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Mendes-da-Silva ◽  
Sandra Lopes de Souza ◽  
Jairza Maria Barreto-Medeiros ◽  
Sebastião Rogério de Freitas-Silva ◽  
Daniela Eugênia Costa Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Depressive Behavior ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Neonatal Administration ◽  
The Brain

Serotonin plays a role at the pathophysiology of depression in humans and in experimental models. The present study investigated the depressive behavior and the weigh evolution in adult rats (60 days) treated from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (10 mg/kg, sc, daily). The depressive behavior was induced by the forced swim test (FST). The animals were submitted to two sessions of FST: 1st session for 15 min and the 2nd session 24h later, for 5 min. During the 2nd session the Latency of the Attempt of Escape (LAE) and Behavioral Immobility (BI) were appraised. The Fluoxetine group when compared to the Control group, showed an increase in LAE and a decrease in BI. The neonatal administration of fluoxetine reduced the depressive behavior in adult rats, possibly by increase in the brain serotonergic activity. This alteration can be associated to process of neuroadaptation.

Sertraline treatment attenuates the sex differentiated behavioural stress response in the rat forced swim test

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 802-802
Author(s):  
N. Kokras ◽  
C. Dalla ◽  
K. Antoniou ◽  
Z. Papadopoulou-Daifoti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Climbing Behaviour

IntroductionSex differences have been described in depression and more recently in antidepressant response. Animal models and in particular the Forced Swim Test (FST), are widely used to investigate the behavioural response to stress and to antidepressant treatment.ObjectivesThe present study explored sex differences in the stress response during the FST and examined whether antidepressant treatment alleviates the sex-differentiated stress response.MethodsAdult male and female Wistar rats were subjected to a 15 min FST session and then treated with three injections of sertraline 10 mg/kg or vehicle at 0, 19 and 23 hours post-FST. Twenty-four hours after the first FST, they had a second 5 min FST session and their behaviour was recorded.ResultsVehicle-treated females exhibited 66% longer duration and 70% shorter latency of immobility than males, suggesting enhanced levels of despair. Sertraline did not significantly affect immobility, but exerted its antidepressant effect by elongating swimming duration in both sexes and shortening climbing behaviour in males only. In contrast, to vehicle-treated rats, no sex differences were observed in sertraline-treated rats in any of these behavioural parameters. However, sex-differences in head swinging behaviour, which is unaffected by sertraline treatment, were still observed in sertraline-treated rats.ConclusionsFemales appear more vulnerable than males to the FST, but the post-treatment organisation of FST behaviour is not sex-differentiated. Antidepressants seem to modulate the behavioural response in FST in a sex-specific way, due to sex differences in baseline FST performance. Consequently, the sex-differentiated stress response profile during FST is attenuated by antidepressant treatment.

scholarly journals Studying the adaptogenic activity of a series of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b] [1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Bibik ◽  
I. A. Nekrasa ◽  
A. V. Demenko ◽  
K. A. Frolov ◽  
V. V. Dotsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Adaptogenic Activity ◽  
Initial Results

Introduction. In the modern world people are exposed to the influence of adverse psychological and physical factors, escalating in intensity. The search for new pharmacodynamic effects of [1,3,5]-thiadiazine derivatives designated by significant biological activity of these compounds is an essential issue.Aim. To research adaptogenic activity of tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivatives using a modified Porsolt Forced Swim Test.Materials and methods. Four substances from the group of 3-R-8-aryl-6-oxo-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6Hpyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine-9-carbonitriles were selected for the research. Rats were divided into a control group, 5 reference groups (amitriptyline, caffeine, thiotriazolin, thiocetam, ginseng) and 4 experimental groups according to the number of the studied original tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5] thiadiazine derivatives.Results. Intragastric injection of substance 2 for 5 days in the modified forced swim test (forced swimming with freight) increased work capacity and endurance of the rats by 103.42% as opposed to the initial results. The detected adaptogenic activity of this tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivative six times exceeds adaptogenic activity of ginseng and seven times that of amitriptyline. The rats in the control group were active for a bit longer time. Ginseng raised the time of activity by 17% at day 5. Caffeine essentially reduced work capacity and endurance. Amitriptyline showed adaptogenic activity at day 3 of the research (increase by 10.4%). Thiotriazolin also showed adaptogenic activity on day 3 of the research (increase by 30.17%). Thiocetam increased the time of activity by 78.55%. Substance 4 had adaptogenic activity too; it increased the time of activity in aversive conditions by 58.25%, which three times exceeds this parameter for ginseng and four times for amitriptyline. 

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