scholarly journals Organic amendments of soil and its effect on the NPK contents in rice plants grown on saline soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
HR Khan ◽  
S Akter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Moist Condition ◽  
The Individual

The potential and effectiveness of the indigenous organic amendments such as rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) at the rates of 0, 2 and 4 t ha-1, respectively on N, P and K contents of BRRI Dhan-47 grown on saline soil under variable moisture (field moist: FM and 2-5 cm standing water: SW) levels were evaluated in the field experiment. The N, P and K contents in the shoot at maturity stage of rice increased significantly (p<0.05) by the individual and the combined application of these amendments. The maximum contents of N (26.7 g kg-1: FM and 25.7 g kg-1: SW) were attained by the T27 (RH4SD4RS4) followed by the T26 (RH4SD4RS2) treatments. Among the three types of amendments regardless of their doses, the application of RS exerted best response (16.75 g N kg-1) followed by SD (16.35 g N kg-1) and RH (16.04 g N kg-1) in increasing N content of rice plants at field moist condition of the soil. The maximum P contents (2.49 g kg-1: FM and 2.67 g kg-1: SW) were recorded by the T27 (RH4SD4RS4) followed by the T26 (RH4SD4RS2) treatments and the lowest contents of P (0.40 g kg-1: FM and 0.42 g kg-1: SW) were obtained from the control plots. The content of P in rice shoots was slightly higher in SW than that of FM conditions. The maximum contents of K (18.2 g kg-1 in FM and 15.8 g kg-1 in SW) were obtained by the application of RH4SD4RS4 (T27) followed by the RH4SD4RS2 (T26) and the lowest contents of K (2.8 g kg-1: FM; 2.7 g kg-1: SW) were determined in the control plots. The contents of N and K in rice shoots were slightly higher in the FM than those of the SW conditions regardless of these amendments.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 297-304, 2018

scholarly journals Effects of rice hull, rice straw and saw dust application on the primary nutrients of rice plants grown under variable moisture conditions in a saline soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Suma Akter ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The study was conducted at Kuakata of Patuakhali to evaluate the impacts of indigenous organic amendments such as rice hull, rice straw and saw dust alone and in combination under variable moisture conditions (moist and saturated) on the primary nutrients (N, P and K) of BRRI dhan64 grown in a coastal saline soil. The individual application of rice hull, rice straw and saw dust at the rate of 0, 4 and 8 t/ha and their combined effects were found to be significant (p ≤ 0.05) for N content in the rice plants. Effects of the treatments on phosphorus content alone and in combination were slightly additive but not significant. The maximum P content in the plant tissues was determined at saturated condition with the increased rate of the treatments (T27 = RH8RS8SD8), while the lowest content of P was recorded in control (T1 = RH0 RS0 SD0). The K content in plant tissues increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the increased rate of application of rice hull, rice straw and saw dust. The higher K contents were found under saturated condition of soil. Under moist condition of soil, the highest contents of N, P and K were 21.3, 1.45 and 15.67 g/kg, respectively and under saturated condition, the highest contents of N, P and K were 23.4, 1.78 and 15.87 g/kg by the combined application of rice hull, rice straw and saw dust, respectively at the rate of 8 t/ha, suggested that the primary nutrition of rice had better response under saturated moisture condition in saline soil, which received rice hull, rice straw and saw dust.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 30(1&2): 11-21, December-2017

scholarly journals Response of rice grown in saline soil as influenced by the application of agricultural amendments and moisture regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
HR Khan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
MK Saha ◽  
F Farzana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The experiment was carried out with rice (BRRI dhan48) grown in saline soil at the premises of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to evaluate the impacts of agricultural amendments, such as rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) each applied at the rates of 0, 4 and 8 t ha-1 in moist (80% moisture) and saturated soil conditions. Most of the growth and yield components of rice were found to increase significantly (p ≤0.05) with the increased rates regardless of kinds of organic treatments under both the moisture levels. The tallest plant heights (99 cm in moist, 105 cm in saturated condition) were recorded at maturity stage of rice with the RH8RS8SD8treatment, which received the highest rates of these three organic amendments. The shortest plant heights (79 cm in moist; 86 cm in saturated conditions) were recorded in control pot (RH0RS0SD0), where no amendment was made. The maximum numbers of tillers were observed in RH8RS8SD8followed by RH8RS8SD4, RH8RS4SD8, RH4RS8SD8 and RH4RS4SD8 treatments at saturated condition. The straw dry matter and grain yields of rice were also found to vary significantly (p ≤0.05) by the individual application of rice hull, rice straw, sawdust and moisture conditions, but their combined effects were found to be highly significant at their higher doses of combination. The highest grain yield (4.4 t ha-1) was recorded in RH8RS8SD8 treatment followed by RH8RS8SD4 (4.2t ha-1) and RH8RS4SD8 (4.1t ha-1) at saturated condition. Harvest index and 1000 grain weight of the rice were attained positive under both the moisture conditions, but at saturated condition of the soil, the amendments (RH, RS and SD) produced better response for these components compared to those of the moist soil condition. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 33-42

scholarly journals Impacts of Rice Hull and Pistia on the Vegetative Growth of Rice and Physico-Chemical Properties of Saline Soil Under Variable Moistures

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Suma Akter ◽  
Mithun Kumar Saha ◽  
Fariha Farzana
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Growth Performances

A pot experiment was conducted using BRRI Hybrid Dhan-6 variety of rice at the premises of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh to evaluate the capabilities of rice hull (RH: 0, 2, 4 t ha-1) and pistia (PT: 0, 400, 800 kg ha-1) for the improvement of growth performances of rice grown under field moist (FM: 70% moisture) and 2 - 5 cm standing water (SW) conditions in saline soil. Among the vegetative growth, the plant heights, number of productive tillers, fresh shoot and shoot dry matter weights were found to be increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the increased rates of rice hull and pistia treatments, and the increments were more striking by their combinations in most of the cases under both FM and SW conditions. The tallest plant heights (112 cm in FM and 120 cm in SW) and the maximum number of productive tillers (13 in FM and 16 in SW) were recorded at maturity stage of rice in the T8 (RH4PT8) treatment where rice hull and pistia were applied at the highest (RH: 4 t ha-1, PT: 800 kg ha-1) dosages. Based on superiority in both the plant heights and number of tillers, the amendments can be arranged in the sequence of T8 > T7> T6> T5> T2> T3>T4> T0 > T1. The analysis of variance on these data indicated that in the standing water condition, fresh shoot and shoot dry matter weights of rice plants were found to be increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by the application of the higher rates of the treatments and their combinations. Thus, the application of indigenous organic amendments such as, rice hull and pistia showed significant contribution for the growth performances of rice under variable moistures but further researches are needed under variable soil and climatic conditions to ensure food security under saline soil. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 173-183, December 2018

scholarly journals Potentials of Rice Straw, Rice Hull and Saw Dust on the Growth and Yield Performance of Rice Grown Under Variable Moisture Conditions in Saline Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Suma Akter ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Moisture Conditions

A field trial was carried out with rice (BRRI 64) grown in saline soil at Kuakata of Patuakhali District to evaluate the potential of rice straw, rice hull and saw dust each applied at the rates of 0, 4, 8 t ha-1 in moist and saturated conditions. Growth parameters and yield of rice were found to increase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the increased rates regardless of kinds of organic treatments under both the conditions. The highest plant heights (89 cm in moist and 101 cm in saturated condition) were recorded at maturity in the treatment, which received the combination (RH8RS8SD8) of highest rates of these 3 organic amendments. The lowest plant heights (73 cm in moist and 77 cm in saturated) were recorded in control condition (RH0RS0SD0). The maximum numbers of tillers were observed in RH8RS8SD8 and RH8RS4SD8 followed by RH8RS8SD4, RH8RS4SD4 and RH4RS8SD8 treatments at saturated condition. The straw dry matter and grain yields of rice were also found to vary significantly (p ≤ 0.05) due to single application of rice hull, rice straw, saw dust and moisture conditions but their combined effects were found to be significantly better at the higher levels. The highest grain yield (6.6 t ha-1) was recorded in RH8RS8SD8 treatment followed by RH8RS8SD4, RH8RS4SD8, RH8RS4SD4 and RH4RS8SD8 at saturated condition. Growth and yield of rice were attained better at saturated condition than that of the moist soil. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 197-206, December 2017

scholarly journals Ion dynamics in post harvest saline soil influenced by organic amendment and moisture level

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
HR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ion Dynamics ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moist Condition

Organic amendments might be effective and sustainable in the amelioration of saline soil if proper management put in place. Accordingly, subsequent pot and field experiments were conducted in a saline soil to determine the effects of moisture levels and organic amendments on cation exchange capacity (CEC), ion dynamics under rice cultivation. The increment of CEC of the studied post harvest soils was significant, except for the moist condition under field experiment. There were significant variations in ion dynamics among the treatments under both the experiments at saturated soil conditions. Exchangeable Na+ contents decreased and K+ contents increased significantly with the increased rates of treatments. Exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents of soil followed almost the similar trends as that exhibited by K+ but not significant. Among the anions, chloride decreased significantly under both the experiments while sulfate and bicarbonate contents increased by the applied treatments. This might be due to the inherent consequences of organic amendments on these soil properties. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(3), 185-194, 2021

scholarly journals Heat Pump Bridge Analysis Using the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Florian Schlosser ◽  
Heinrich Wiebe ◽  
Timothy G. Walmsley ◽  
Martin J. Atkins ◽  
Michael R. W. Walmsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Composite Curve ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Heat pumps are the key technology to decarbonise thermal processes by upgrading industrial surplus heat using renewable electricity. Existing insight-based integration methods refer to the idealised Grand Composite Curve requiring the full exploitation of heat recovery potential but leave the question of how to deal with technical or economic limitations unanswered. In this work, a novel Heat Pump Bridge Analysis (HPBA) is introduced for practically targeting technical and economic heat pump potential by applying Coefficient of Performance curves into the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram (METD). Removing cross-Pinch violations and operating heat exchangers at minimum approach temperatures by combined application of Bridge Analysis increases the heat recovery rate and reduce the temperature lift to be pumped at the same time. The insight-based METD allows the individual matching of heat surpluses and deficits of individual streams with the capabilities and performance of different market-available heat pump concepts. For an illustrative example, the presented modifications based on HPBA increase the economically viable share of the technical heat pump potential from 61% to 79%.

scholarly journals Distributed Group Location Update Algorithm for Massive Machine Type Communication

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7336
Author(s):  
Mincheol Paik ◽  
Haneul Ko
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Stochastic Game ◽  
Location Update ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Machine Type ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Machine Type Communication ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Individual

Frequent location updates of individual Internet of Things (IoT) devices can cause several problems (e.g., signaling overhead in networks and energy depletion of IoT devices) in massive machine type communication (mMTC) systems. To alleviate these problems, we design a distributed group location update algorithm (DGLU) in which geographically proximate IoT devices determine whether to conduct the location update in a distributed manner. To maximize the accuracy of the locations of IoT devices while maintaining a sufficiently small energy outage probability, we formulate a constrained stochastic game model. We then introduce a best response dynamics-based algorithm to obtain a multi-policy constrained Nash equilibrium. From the evaluation results, it is demonstrated that DGLU can achieve an accuracy of location information that is comparable with that of the individual location update scheme, with a sufficiently small energy outage probability.

The effect of fungal colonization on the morphine production of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) capsules

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Laughlin ◽  
D. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Capsule Wall ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Morphine Concentration ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYAbnormally low concentrations of morphine in capsules of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in the 1970–1 season were associated with heavy fungal colonization. The effect of fungal colonization on the morphine production of capsules was later studied in a series of field, glasshouse and in vitroexperiments.In a field experiment morphine concentration of severely colonized (> 30% surface cover) intact capsules was 20% less (P <0·01) than slightly colonized (< 10% surface cover) capsules. Colonization of these field-grown capsules was generally localized in the top half and the morphine concentration of the top half was about 20% less than the bottom half for all colonization categories. In contrast, glasshouse-grown capsules were free of fungal colonization and the top and bottom halves had similar morphine concentrations.In a field experiment studying the effect of fungicides, 2 kg benomyl (50% a.i.) + 2 kg mancozeb (80% a.i.)/ha were applied as a spray at 10-day intervals from flowering till 1 month after commercial harvest and plants were harvested at weekly intervals from 10 days after full bloom. The mean dry-matter yield of sprayed capsules was 11% greater (P <0·01) than non-sprayed with a similar trend for morphine concentration and morphine yield. In addition, the sprayed treatment significantly reduced the area covered by sporulating lesions on the surface of the capsule after dry maturity. This superficial fungal cover had a NNE orientation in both sprayed and non-sprayed capsules.In an in vitroexperiment using capsules from the field fungicide study, fungi were isolated from the interior of green capsule wall tissue as early as 17 days after flowering. Colonization increased with successive harvests and culturing of fungi from the interior of capsule wall tissue showed the presence of fungi in both sprayed and non-sprayed capsules with no difference in the degree of colonization.Two of the major fungi isolated from the field experiment were identified as Dendryphion penidllatum (Corda) Fr. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and the individual effect of these was assessed in an in vitro experiment using ground capsule material. D. penidllatuvi and A. alternata reduced the morphine concentration of ground capsules in 24 days to 7 and 11% respectively of non-inoculated controls.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicides Against Grain Discoloration Disease of Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 073-076
Author(s):  
V. A. Patil ◽  
◽  
P. B. Patel ◽  
P. D. Ghoghari ◽  
N. K. Kavad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Cereal Crop

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the important cereal crop grown extensively in Gujarat. It suffers from grain discoloration fungal disease causing heavy losses at maturity stage of rice. A field experiment was laid out with the single and new combinations fungicides against rice grain discoloration disease under field conditions during kharif-2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Six fungicides at various concentrations were screened against rice grain discoloration disease. The trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% (0.03 %) @ 0.4 g l-1 and propiconazole 25 EC (0.025 %) @ 1.0 ml l-1 was found effective against rice grain discoloration and recorded significantly higher healthy grains.

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