scholarly journals Ion dynamics in post harvest saline soil influenced by organic amendment and moisture level

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
HR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ion Dynamics ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moist Condition

Organic amendments might be effective and sustainable in the amelioration of saline soil if proper management put in place. Accordingly, subsequent pot and field experiments were conducted in a saline soil to determine the effects of moisture levels and organic amendments on cation exchange capacity (CEC), ion dynamics under rice cultivation. The increment of CEC of the studied post harvest soils was significant, except for the moist condition under field experiment. There were significant variations in ion dynamics among the treatments under both the experiments at saturated soil conditions. Exchangeable Na+ contents decreased and K+ contents increased significantly with the increased rates of treatments. Exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents of soil followed almost the similar trends as that exhibited by K+ but not significant. Among the anions, chloride decreased significantly under both the experiments while sulfate and bicarbonate contents increased by the applied treatments. This might be due to the inherent consequences of organic amendments on these soil properties. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(3), 185-194, 2021

Change in soil pH, manganese and aluminium under subterranean clover pasture

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield ◽  
RW Cumming ◽  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Clover Pasture

Changes in soil pH, manganese and aluminium as a result of long periods under subterranean clover pasture were examined in soils formed on granite, basalt and sedimentary rocks near Goulburn, New South Wales. Decreases in the pH of yellow duplex soils formed on granite, sedimentary rocks and basalt had occurred to depths of 60, 40 and 30 cm, respectively. The smaller depth of acidification in the latter two soils is considered to be due to their shallower A horizons over well buffered, clay B horizons. Under the oldest pastures (55 years) the decreases exceeded one pH unit throughout the entire sampled depth (60 cm). In some soils, under old improved pastures, calcium chloride-extractable manganese had increased to more than 20 ppm throughout the 60 cm profile and to greater than 50 ppm in the surface 10 cm. These levels are considered toxic to sensitive plant species and the highest levels may be toxic to subterranean clover. The amounts of extractable manganese in soils appear to be determined by both pH and the amounts of reactive manganese. In general, the amounts of total and reactive manganese were appreciably higher in the soils of basaltic origin. Substantial increases in extractable and exchangeable aluminium had also accompanied the decrease in pH and, in the surface 10 cm, were greatest in the soils formed on sedimentary parent materials. In many of the soils under old improved pastures, exchangeable aluminium, as a percentage of the effective cation exchange capacity, now exceeds 12%, especially in the 5-10 cm layer, and is probably harmful to sensitive species. Increases in exchangeable aluminium also occurred below the surface 10 cm and, in the granitic soils under the oldest pastures, exchangeable aluminium accounted for 30-50% of the effective cation exchange capacity throughout the 5-50 cm soil depth. The adverse changes in pH, manganese and aluminium observed in this study can be expected to continue under many improved pastures and to generate soil conditions unsuitable for many agricultural plants. The use of lime to arrest or reverse these changes seems inevitable.

scholarly journals Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens by Incorporating Fresh Organic Amendments Followed by Tarping

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J. Blok ◽  
Jan G. Lamers ◽  
Aad J. Termorshuizen ◽  
Gerrit J. Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soilborne Plant Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures

A new method for the control of soilborne plant pathogens was tested for its efficacy in two field experiments during two years. Plots were amended with fresh broccoli or grass (3.4 to 4.0 kg fresh weight m-2) or left nonamended, and covered with an airtight plastic cover (0.135 mm thick) or left noncovered. In plots amended with broccoli or grass and covered with plastic sheeting, anaerobic and strongly reducing soil conditions developed quickly, as indicated by rapid depletion of oxygen and a decrease in redox potential values to as low as -200 mV. After 15 weeks, survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi, Rhizoctonia solani, and Verticillium dahliae in inoculum samples buried 15 cm deep was strongly reduced in amended, covered plots in both experiments. The pathogens were not or hardly inactivated in amended, noncovered soil or nonamended, covered soil. The latter indicates that thermal inactivation due to increased soil temperatures under the plastic cover was not involved in pathogen inactivation. The results show the potential for this approach to control various soilborne pathogens and that it may serve as an alternative to chemical soil disinfestation for high-value crops under conditions where other alternatives, such as solarization or soil flooding, are not effective or not feasible.

scholarly journals Selenium Modulates Antioxidant Activity, Osmoprotectants, and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Onion under Saline Soil Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Wael M. Semida ◽  
Taia A. Abd El-Mageed ◽  
Abdelsattar Abdelkhalik ◽  
Khaulood A. Hemida ◽  
Hamdi A. Abdurrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Bulb Yield

Selenium (Se) has been recently reported to play a crucial role in ameliorating the negative impact of abiotic stress, including salinity, on several plant species. Two field experiments (2016/17 and 2017/18) were carried out to investigate the possible effect of exogenous Se application at two levels (25, 50 mg L−1) on growth, bulb yield, physio-biochemical attributes, and antioxidant activities of onion grown under saline (5.25 dS m−1) soil condition. Se (25 or 50 mg L−1) foliar application enhanced growth characteristics, as well as membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC) as a result of the osmotic adjustment by accumulating more osmoprotectants and enhancing the activity of antioxidants defense system, thus improving photosynthetic efficiency and bulb yield. Proline, glycine betaine, choline, and total soluble sugars content were higher in leaves and bulbs of Se-treated plants under salt stress. Se (25 or 50 mg L−1) significantly increased the activities of enzymatic (ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants in both leaves and bulbs of salt-stressed onion. Se application at 25–50 mg L−1 may find, in the future, a potential application as anti-abiotic stresses for improving plant growth and productivity under saline soil condition.

Soil Cation Exchange Capacity Predicted by Learning From Multiple Modelling

2018 ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Khatibi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ghorbani ◽  
Rasoul Jani ◽  
Moslem Servati
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Solution Methods

Prediction models of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soil management is investigated by using artificial intelligence for a balanced approach between advantageous CEC-rich and negative CEC-deficient soil conditions. The modelling strategy formed here comprises: (1) artificial neural networks based on feedforward multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and their backpropagation using Levenburg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm; (2) FireFly algorithm (FFA) to replace LM; (3) learn the dependency of CEC on soil characteristics (clay, silt, sand, gypsum, organic matter) by both models to produce outputs; and (4) feed these outputs as inputs to support vector machine using the least squares algorithms (SVM-LS) together with observed values as target values. This is referred to as multiple models (MM-SVM) strategy. The results of a study area with 380 soil samples collected from different horizons of 80 soil profiles show that the learning by MM-SVM is considerable and capable of reducing inherent uncertainty with benefits to CEC soil management by reducing uncertainty due to solution methods.

scholarly journals Organic amendments of soil and its effect on the NPK contents in rice plants grown on saline soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
HR Khan ◽  
S Akter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Moist Condition ◽  
The Individual

The potential and effectiveness of the indigenous organic amendments such as rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) at the rates of 0, 2 and 4 t ha-1, respectively on N, P and K contents of BRRI Dhan-47 grown on saline soil under variable moisture (field moist: FM and 2-5 cm standing water: SW) levels were evaluated in the field experiment. The N, P and K contents in the shoot at maturity stage of rice increased significantly (p<0.05) by the individual and the combined application of these amendments. The maximum contents of N (26.7 g kg-1: FM and 25.7 g kg-1: SW) were attained by the T27 (RH4SD4RS4) followed by the T26 (RH4SD4RS2) treatments. Among the three types of amendments regardless of their doses, the application of RS exerted best response (16.75 g N kg-1) followed by SD (16.35 g N kg-1) and RH (16.04 g N kg-1) in increasing N content of rice plants at field moist condition of the soil. The maximum P contents (2.49 g kg-1: FM and 2.67 g kg-1: SW) were recorded by the T27 (RH4SD4RS4) followed by the T26 (RH4SD4RS2) treatments and the lowest contents of P (0.40 g kg-1: FM and 0.42 g kg-1: SW) were obtained from the control plots. The content of P in rice shoots was slightly higher in SW than that of FM conditions. The maximum contents of K (18.2 g kg-1 in FM and 15.8 g kg-1 in SW) were obtained by the application of RH4SD4RS4 (T27) followed by the RH4SD4RS2 (T26) and the lowest contents of K (2.8 g kg-1: FM; 2.7 g kg-1: SW) were determined in the control plots. The contents of N and K in rice shoots were slightly higher in the FM than those of the SW conditions regardless of these amendments.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(4), 297-304, 2018

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen Sources and Bio-fertilizer on Soil Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Cowpea under Saline Soil Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Marwa, A. Ahmed ◽  
Fatma H. A. El-Agyzy ◽  
Khaled, A. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Available N ◽  
Zn Content

Two field experiments were conducted at El-Rod village at Sahl El-Houssinia, El-Sharkia governorate, (32°15' 00" N 30°50' 00" E), Egypt. The study investigated evaluations of different nitrogen fertilizers sources (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and urea fertilizers) and rates (0, 47.6, 71.4 and 107 kg N/ha) alone or combined with bio-fertilizer (using bio-fertilization with Rhiobium radiobacter sp strain on improve nutrients available and contents in cowpea productivity and quality in newly reclaimed saline soil conditions during two summer seasons 2017 and 2018.  The studies treatments were disturbed among the experimental pelts in split design with six replicates. The obtained results cleared that the used ammonium sulphate fertilizer was increase effect with increasing rate in EC, pH, and available N, P, K , Fe, Mn and Zn content in soil. Moreover data recorded the applied 71.4 kg N /ha was increase of plant height, weight of 100 seeds, weight of pods (g/plant) , weight of seeds (g)/plant and seeds yield (ton ha-1) have been affected by inoculation with bio-fertilizer combined with nitrogen sources fertilizers  and different rates than other treatments. The highest values of N, P , K, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations and uptake in seeds treated with ammonium sulphate at rate 71.4 kg N/ha than other treatments. The decrease of the soil salinity to increased content of cowpea plant of chlorophyll and protein, but increased salinity of the soil led to increase the content of the plant of proline. The application of ammonium sulphat at 30 kg N/fed combined with bio-fertilizer was improve soil properties and cowpea productivity and quality under saline soils conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of soil moisture and indigenous organic amendments on the yield of boro rice grown under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Md Shiful Islam ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Mustard Meal ◽  
Moist Condition ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field study was conducted to determine the potentials of moist (70% soil moisture) and saturated (> 100% soil moisture) soil conditions and organic amendments of rice straw compost (RSC), mustard meal (MM) and trichocompost (TC) on the selected rice varieties of BR 3, local BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 74 in relation to the growth and yield attributes of rice varieties. The rates of amendments were 0, 4, 8 t/ha for RSC; 0, 3, 6 t/ha for MM and 0, 2.5, 5 t/ha for TC. The maximum grain yield of 8.71 t/ha was attained from the RSC4ML100 and 8.58 t/ha from RSC4ML70 treatments. The moist condition of soil had almost similar effects on the number of productive tillers, grain yield, number of filled and fissured grains, 1000-grain weight and harvest index as compared to saturated condition along with the doses of RSC, MM and TC. The RSC (4 t/ha) was the superior treatment with respect to the growth and yield components of rice followed by the treatments of TC (2.5 t/ha) and MM (3 t/ha), irrespective of rice varieties and moisture levels. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 87-96, 2020 (January)

scholarly journals The place of the Zheltozem-Gley Soils of Azerbaijan in the International System WRB

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharram P. Babayev ◽  
Amin I. Ismayilov ◽  
Sultan M. Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Reference Base

The aim of the study. The aim of the research was obtaining new information about the genesis, current status, diagnostic features and properties of the Zheltozem-Gley Soils of the Lankaran region of Azerbaijan and to perform the taxonomic attribution of those soils in accordance with the International Classification of Soils in compliance with the Reference Base for soil resources (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2014). Location and time of the study. Zheltozem-Gley Soils of the Lankaran region of Azerbaijan were the objects of the study. Methodology. Field experiments (relief, vegetation, laying of soil profiles, their description, selection of soil samples and establishment of a preliminary classification name of the soils) and physico-chemical analyzes of soil samples (humus and total nitrogen content, ratio of C:N in soil organic matter, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, grain-size analysis, water extract composition) were carried out by standard methods. Results. It was established that the most characteristic features of the irrigated zheltozem-gley soils were as following: blocky angular-subangular structure of the upper horizon, clayiness of the entire soil profile, the presence of iron-manganese concretions and ferruginous mottles. A gradual decrease in the content of humus (from 2.15-3.28 to 0.18-1.24%), nitrogen (from 0.17-0.24 to 0.05-0.24%), the ratio of C:N (from 6.64-7.18 to 1.89-5.91) was found. The cation exchange capacity increased down the profile (from 33.37-37.13 to 34.31-40.89 cmol (eq)/kg). The reaction of the soil environment was weakly acidic, and varied within 5.8-6.0. Under the influence of irrigation, the removal of the silt fraction from the upper horizons and its accumulation in the middle horizons of the soil were observed (42-96 cm – 42.4%, 48-87 cm – 28.8%). According to the granulometric composition, these soils were medium-light-heavy loamy. The soils were not saline. Conclusion. For the first time, an attempt was made to carry out the taxonomic attribution of Zheltozem-Gley soils (irrigated Zheltozem-Gley merged, ordinary Zheltozem-Gleyic, irrigated Zheltozem-Gley, irrigated residual calcareous Zheltozem-Gley) according to the international classification of soils based on the Reference Base for soil resources (WRB). With the different principal and supplementary qualifiers, all soils were classified as Lixisols.

scholarly journals Impact of Ascorbic Acid Foliar Spray and Seed Treatment with Cyanobacteria on Growth and Yield Component of Sunflower Plants under Saline Soil Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Abdel Nasser A.A. Abdel-Hafeez ◽  
Taia A. Abd El-Mageed ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions

A field experiments were conducted during the two summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 in saline soil (ECe = 9.0 dSm-1), at Fayoum province, Egypt to study the effect of ascorbic (AsA), as foliar application alone or combined with cyanobacteria (CB) on growth, yield, its components and nutritional status of sunflower plants variety Sakha 54. Treatments comprised 2 ascorbic acid (AsA) levels with or without seed inoculation with cyanobacteria (CB). They were 1 mM AsA, 2 mM AsA, 1 mM AsA + CB and 2 mM AsA + CB in addition to the control treatment in which seeds were not received CB and their plants were sprayed with distilled water. Results could be summarized as follows: increasing the addition of ascorbic acid concentration up to 1Mm with combination of CB increased significantly values of growth attributes (e.i., plant height, of leaves no. /plant, shoot dry weight and leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), physiological responses (total soluble sugars, proline and soluble phenols) as well as the head diameter, seed yield/ plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield (t ha-1). Also, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and oil percentage of sunflower seeds with compared to control treatment in both years. Generally, the results in most cases, demonstrate that the all parameters increased significantly by using the concentration of ascorbic acid 1Mm combined with CB in both seasons

scholarly journals Response of rice grown in saline soil as influenced by the application of agricultural amendments and moisture regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
HR Khan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
MK Saha ◽  
F Farzana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The experiment was carried out with rice (BRRI dhan48) grown in saline soil at the premises of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to evaluate the impacts of agricultural amendments, such as rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) each applied at the rates of 0, 4 and 8 t ha-1 in moist (80% moisture) and saturated soil conditions. Most of the growth and yield components of rice were found to increase significantly (p ≤0.05) with the increased rates regardless of kinds of organic treatments under both the moisture levels. The tallest plant heights (99 cm in moist, 105 cm in saturated condition) were recorded at maturity stage of rice with the RH8RS8SD8treatment, which received the highest rates of these three organic amendments. The shortest plant heights (79 cm in moist; 86 cm in saturated conditions) were recorded in control pot (RH0RS0SD0), where no amendment was made. The maximum numbers of tillers were observed in RH8RS8SD8followed by RH8RS8SD4, RH8RS4SD8, RH4RS8SD8 and RH4RS4SD8 treatments at saturated condition. The straw dry matter and grain yields of rice were also found to vary significantly (p ≤0.05) by the individual application of rice hull, rice straw, sawdust and moisture conditions, but their combined effects were found to be highly significant at their higher doses of combination. The highest grain yield (4.4 t ha-1) was recorded in RH8RS8SD8 treatment followed by RH8RS8SD4 (4.2t ha-1) and RH8RS4SD8 (4.1t ha-1) at saturated condition. Harvest index and 1000 grain weight of the rice were attained positive under both the moisture conditions, but at saturated condition of the soil, the amendments (RH, RS and SD) produced better response for these components compared to those of the moist soil condition. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 33-42

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