scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI ISOLATED FROM FIELD CASES OF BLACK LEG IN CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
M. S. Jowel ◽  
M. S. R. Khan ◽  
M. S. Parvej ◽  
M. Y. Ali ◽  
M. S. Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Clostridium Chauvoei ◽  
Cultured Bacteria

Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of black quarter (BQ), an infectious disease affecting mainly young cattle and sheep. The present study was designed with a view to isolate and identifies Cl. chauvoei from field cases. A total of 4 clinically suspected samples were collected during the period from January 2013 to November 2013 from Monohardi, Narshindi (n=1); Sujanagar, Pabna (n=1) and Veterinary Clinic of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (n=2). The samples were processed and were cultured anaerobically on blood agar. Gram stain and hanging drop techniques were performed with the cultured bacteria. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied, and antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk diffusion method. In Gram stain, all isolates showed numerous short, thick, straight, round-ended, gram positive rod occurs singly or in short chains. The spores of the organism were elongated, oval, sub terminal or terminal and wider than the cell, giving a typical pear-shaped appearance. All the Cl. chauvoei isolates fermented dextrose, maltose, lactose and sucrose and produced acid and gas. In case of mannitol fermentation, only acid was produced. Catalase, oxidase, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and indole tests were found to be negative. All isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, whereas the isolates were sensitive to penicillin and gentamicin. In conclusion, penicillin and gentamicin can be the drugs of choice for effective treatment of BQ in cattle of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and antibiogram profiles of enterovirulent Escherichia coli from diarrhoeic goat in some selected areas of Rangpur district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rashed Kamal ◽  
Md Fakhruzzaman ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Md Atiqul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Metallic Sheen

Enterovirulent Escherichia coli remain as an important etiological agent of goat diarrhoea in Bangladesh. The present study was designed with a view to isolate and identifies E. coli from field cases. For this purpose, a total of 135 faecal samples (85 from diarrhoeic and 50 from apparently healthy goat) were collected during the period from January 2012 to July 2012 from different areas in Rangpur District. It was found that the prevalence of E. coli was higher (18.82 %) in diarrhoeic goats while it was lower (14.00 %) in non diarrhoeic goats. Age wise distribution of E. coli isolates were 26.42% in day old to 1 year, 10.53% in 1-2 years and 11.36% in above 2 years age of goat respectively. All the isolates of E. coli revealed greenish black colony with metallic sheen in Eosine methylene blue agar, bright pink color smooth transparent colony in MacConkey agar and slight pinkish smooth colony in Salmonella-Shigella agar. Gram stain and hanging drop techniques were performed with the cultured bacteria. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied, and antibiotic sensitivity test was done by agar disk diffusion method. In Gram stain, the organisms revealed Gram negative, small rod shaped, occurs singly or paired. Biochemically, all of the isolates showed fermentation of dextrose, sucrose and maltose with the production of acid and gas, negative result to Voges-Proskauer test, positive result to Methylred test and differential result to Indol test. All the isolates of E. coli were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin while moderately sensitive to colistin, livofloxacin and azithromycin and less sensitive to ceftraexon and tetracyclin and resistant to amoxycillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and neomycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin may be the antibiotics of first choice, and colistin, livofloxacin and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 36-43

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from semi-closed system farmed Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Wanikda Eh Chuan ◽  
Akrimah Yusof ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
Shareef Mohd Hafiz Mani ◽  
Seong Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Clam Corbicula

In the present study, antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from farmed Asian clam, Corbiculafluminea was characterised. Asian clam or locally known as ‘etak’ is processed to became smokedclam and consumed as snack by Kelantanese. However, there are many diarrhoea cases afterconsuming smoked clam. Furthermore, there are also insufficient information about the E.coli levelin Asian clam farm and effective antibiotic in controlling the bacteria in the litereature. Hence, thisstudy was carried out to provide information of antibiogram of E.coli to be reference in the future.Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) was used to isolate E. coli. A total of 100 isolated bacteria weresubjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using disk diffusion method. A total of 18 types of antibioticsnamely novobiocin (30µg/disk), fosfomycin (50 µg/disk), tetracycline (30µg/disk), lincomycin(15µg/disk), flumequine (30µg/disk), sulphamethoxazole (25 µg/disk), amoxycillin (25 µg/disk),chloramphenicol (30 µg/disk), oleandomycin (15 µg/disk), spiramycin (100 µg/disk), ampicillin(10 µg/disk), oxytetracycline (30 µg/disk), doxycycline (30 µg/disk), nalidixic acid (30 µg/disk),florfenicol (30 µg/disk), erythromycin (15 µg/disk), kanamycin (30 µg/disk) and oxolinic acid (2µg/disk). The findings of the present study showed total plate count of E. coli was 6.45 x 103 colonyforming unit (CFU/100g) of sampled Asian clam. Hence, the clam is needed to be under cleansingtreatment before can consider safe for human consumption. Antibiotic results showed 51 % wasrecorded as antibiotic resistance case, 44 % antibiotic sensitive case and 5 % as antibioticintermediary sensitive case. None of the tested antibiotics was successfully inhibited the growth ofthe present bacterial isolates indicating more antibiotics are needed to be screen in the future studyto find out the most effective antibiotic in controlling isolated E. coli.

scholarly journals Bacterial Fish Diseases in some Semi-close Aquaculture Systems in Basrah Province, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Abdul Amer R. Jassim ◽  
Diana B. Abdulhameed ◽  
Nadia R. Al Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Bacterial Gill Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Gill Disease

The object of this study was to detect the bacterial species that founded in infected common carps Cyprinus carpio in semi-closed systems in two districts of Basrah province. Bacterial gill disease, skin ulcer disease and intestine inflammatory disease were recorded. In the present study, Aeromonas sobria (38.46) was the predominant species, followed by Citrobacter freundii (29.23), Vibrio cholerae (21.53) and Serratia fonticola (10.76%). Identification of the isolates was carried out depending on the morphology of colony, specific media and identification using VITEK 2 system (Biomerieux- USA). Five antibiotic discs were used for antibiotic sensitivity test by the disk diffusion method. A. sobria was sensitive to Nitrofurantion, V.  cholerae was sensitive to Ampicillin, C. freundii was resistance for all antibiotics while S. fonticola was sensitive to Gentamicin. This study represented the first investigation in Iraq on bacterial isolates from semi- closed system.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiling of Escherichia coli Isolated from Human Sewage Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863612110168
Author(s):  
Sanjida Akter ◽  
A. M. Masudul Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Sohana Akter Mina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Plasmid Profiling ◽  
As Relationship

In developing countries, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance is increasing day by day and antibiotic resistant microorganisms are being found in almost every environmental setting. Plasmids are considered as the main vector in the procurement and propagation of antibiotic resistance in many microorganisms such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli). The goal of this study was to examine the antibiotic resistance and screening of plasmid in E. coli strains which were previously identified from human sewage samples. During this study antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 5 antibiotics (ampicilin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin). Furthermore, plasmid extraction of each isolate was done according to the protocol of FavorPrepTMPlasmid Mini Kit and plasmid profiling was done by agarose gel electrophoresis. In antibiotic sensitivity test, all E. coli strains showed resistance to ampicilin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone. In the plasmid profiling, it was revealed that all the isolates of E. coli harbored plasmids. The plasmid sizes ranged from approximately 1.5 to 15 kb. The findings of this study prove the consequences of antibiotic resistance as well as relationship of plasmid with antibiotic resistance which necessitates proper surveillance on antibiotic usage in the developing countries.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR DETECTION AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI (STEC) ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEIC CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
M. M. Islam ◽  
S. Ahamed ◽  
M. Y. Arafat ◽  
I. Hasan ◽  
M. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

This study was designed to determine the shiga toxin producing genes and to investigate antibiotic sensitivity or resistant patterns of the Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic children at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. A total of 83 stool samples were collected and screened for the detection of E. coli on the basis of cultural, staining and biochemical properties followed by molecular detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using genus specific 16SrRNA primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E. coli was determined by disc diffusion method against 9 antimicrobial agents. In this study, 27 (32.53%) out of 83 samples, were confirmed as E. coli. Overall prevalence of shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) among the examined children was 1.20% (n=1/83).  Further, 27 E. coli isolates were analyzed for the presence of Stx-1 and Stx-2 genes by duplex-PCR.  The STEC isolate was confirmed to be positive for the presence of the Stx-2 gene only. Highest susceptibility of the E. coli isolates was found against Gentamicin (92.59%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (48.14%) and Moxifloxacin (33.33%). More than 77.78% of the isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics thus defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). In conclusion, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin can be recommended as the effective drugs successful treatment of STEC infections in children.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Microorganisms to Colistin Antibiotic by MIC (E-test) in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Firoozgar Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Jamshidi Makiani ◽  
Maryam Farasatinasab ◽  
Sam Bemani ◽  
Hoda Namdari Moghadam ◽  
Fatemeh Sheibani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Nosocomial infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and medical burdens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are not-fermentative gram-negative bacteria that considered as the most important nosocomial infection. In the current study, we have aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms to the colistin antibiotic. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients admitted to the ICU ward of Firoozgar Hospital from July 2018 to March 2019 were evaluated, and 169 Patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. E test was also used to determine MIC-50 and MIC-90 of colistin. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was around 8 times more frequent than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistin resistance was detected in only 4(2.4%). The mean age of patients infected by Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher than those infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the mean time of the hospitalization period did not show any significant differences in the different groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the majority of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to Colistin. Therefore, it could be effectively used for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

scholarly journals Fatal post-parturient diarrhoea in a nursing cow transported to Akinyele International Cattle Market, Ibadan, Nigeria: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Cattle Market

A pregnant cow of Kuri breed, estimated age of six years old with second calving was transported on land from Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. The journey took four days to the Akinyele International Cattle Market. The pregnant cow calved immediately on arrival at the market. A week after calving, the nursing cow was offered for sale and slaughter. The nursing cow and the calf were purchased and put under intensive medical and management care of an experienced cattle stockman in the market. The nursing cow became diarrheic on the second week of arrival at the market. Clinical examination by visual observation revealed projectile watery faeces, stained hindquarter and the pair rectal sterile swab samples were collected. Though the temperature and pulse rate were within the normal range. Standard bacteriological faecal culture of the rectal swab incubated overnight at 370C in selenith F- broth, Nutrient and blood agars at 370C for 24 hours were done, revealing heavy mixed growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Bacillus species. Identification of colonies were based on morphology, gram staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics. In-vitro Antibiotic sensitivity testing on discrete colonies of bacteria faeces were done, using agar- Disk diffusion method. The E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus species were sensitive to ciprofloxacin® (10μg) and pefloxacin® (30μg). Sulfanol® (sulphadimidin) a broad spectrum antibiotic was administered immediately intramuscularly at 333mg in 3ml per 10kg for four days. Defaecation of the nursing cow stopped for two days after treatment. On the third day of the treatment, the faeces became pasty but the cow died overnight despite the good response to therapy.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with an ear infection in Misan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Munaf Aal-Aaboda ◽  
Mohammed R. Al-Notazy
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
High Level

The present study was targeted to examine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcusaureus,which has been carried out in Misan, Iraq at a local hospital from February 2016 to January 2017.A hundred and eighty ear swabs have been obtained from patients with ear infections with or without discharges. Culturing and identifying the causative agents, as well as the antibiotic sensitivity profile, have been done on the specimens. Swabs were collected under sterile conditions and instantly transferred to the laboratory sealed in brain heart broth tubes. The initial isolation was done on selective media to S. aureus(mannitol salt agar) at a temperature of 37°C for 24 - 48 hours and then the biochemical tests and identification were done in accordance with the standard monotonous techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by the disk diffusion method. A hundred and forty-four isolates diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureusand eighteen isolates as other bacteria. S.aureusisolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility showed high resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and amoxicillin, mild resistance to co-trimoxazole and were susceptible to norfloxacin, rifampicin, and ciprofloxacin.Additionally, S.aureusisolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR). The MAR index of the isolates found to range between 0.35 and 0.7. In conclusion, an ear infection is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureusand most of these isolates showed a high level of antibiotics resistance, which eventually may lead to too many health-related consequences in Misan, Southern Iraq and expose the needs for further studies to lessen the resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Investigation of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMA Islam ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
A Nahar ◽  
A Khair ◽  
MM Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

Molecular technique was used to investigate the prevalence of virulent diarrheic genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A hundred samples from 100 different diarrheic calves from mid-north-western part of Bangladesh were screened for the presence of virulence factors associated with diarrhea. Following isolation and identification on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, the presence of the virulence genes such as eaeA, bfpA, elt, est, stx1 and stx2 were examined using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 57 E. coli was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 8 antimicrobial agents. Out of 100 samples 57 (57%) were found to be positive for E. coli and their distribution rates according to their age, breed and sex were  66.7% ( 6 days old ), 85.7% (Sahiwal breed) and in  64.2 % (female calves) respectively. Among 57 E. coli isolates, only 16 isolates were analyzed for the detection of the said genes. Among them, only eaeA gene was detected in 2 E. coli isolates (12.5 %). Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that Oxacillin, Rifampicin and Penicillin were  100% resistant followed by Erythromycin which was more than 80% resistant. In case of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, about 59.65% and 61.40% were found to be resistant respectively whereas all 57 E. coli isolates showed moderately susceptible (30%) to Cefuroxime, a second generation Cephalosporin. Therefore, none of the eight antimicrobials studied can not be recommended as single best therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. In addition, this study indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to mainly Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which was atypical (only contained the eaeA genes but not bfpA). However, further studies are necessary to characterize the isolated eaeA gene positive E. coli by serotyping, tissue culture assay and other molecular techniques to find out the potentiality of those virulent genes contributing pathogenicity of E. coli causing diarrhea in calves.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23716Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 45-51

scholarly journals Isolation, molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Aeromonas hydrophila from cultured indigenous Koi (Anabus testudineus) of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-340
Author(s):  
Shuvho Chakra Borty ◽  
Fabaya Rahman ◽  
AKM Ali Reza ◽  
Mst Sharifa Khatun ◽  
Md Luthful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Fish play a crucial role in the Bangladeshi diet, providing more than 60% of animal source food, representing a crucial source of micro-nutrients and possessing an extremely strong cultural attachment. In this study isolation and identification of Aeromionas hydrophila was done by studying cultural properties, Gram’s staining and biochemical properties of isolates of diseased indigenous Koi fish (Anabas testudineus) of different upazillas of Mymensingh district. Antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria was studied by using wide range of commercially available antibiotics. Quantitative study of bacteria isolated from diseased indigenous Koi fish showed variation of number in different organ. Total bacterial load was found to be 1.90 × 105, 1.19 × 105, 3.21 × 105, 2.18 × 106 and 3.14 × 105 cfu/g in lesions; 2.52 × 107, 2.34 × 108, 5.41 × 108, 2.54 × 109 and 5.21 × 109 cfu/g in liver; 2.54 × 108, 2.41 × 108, 1.90 × 107, 3.65 × 107 and 3.45 × 108 cfu/g in spleen; 3.51 × 107, 5.28 × 107, 3.14 × 106, 1.85 × 107 and 4.52× 107 cfu/g in kidney in diseased Koi of Mymensingh sadar, Muktagacha, Tarakanda, Gouripur and Fulpur upazillas, respectively under Mymensingh districts. Aeromonas hydrophila was initially identified by their specific morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Then molecular detection of A. hydrophila was done by PCR. PCR products of desired 760 bp were obtained for A. hydrophila. The results of the antibiotic sensitivity test is exhibited that most of the bacterial samples were sensitive against ciprofloxacin (92%) and levofloxacin (84%), intermediate resistant against gentamicin (40%) and resistant against novobiocin (84%), ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (92%).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 332-340

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