scholarly journals Sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Microorganisms to Colistin Antibiotic by MIC (E-test) in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Firoozgar Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Jamshidi Makiani ◽  
Maryam Farasatinasab ◽  
Sam Bemani ◽  
Hoda Namdari Moghadam ◽  
Fatemeh Sheibani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Nosocomial infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and medical burdens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are not-fermentative gram-negative bacteria that considered as the most important nosocomial infection. In the current study, we have aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms to the colistin antibiotic. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients admitted to the ICU ward of Firoozgar Hospital from July 2018 to March 2019 were evaluated, and 169 Patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. E test was also used to determine MIC-50 and MIC-90 of colistin. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was around 8 times more frequent than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistin resistance was detected in only 4(2.4%). The mean age of patients infected by Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher than those infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the mean time of the hospitalization period did not show any significant differences in the different groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the majority of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to Colistin. Therefore, it could be effectively used for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

scholarly journals β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Dina N. Abdelrahman ◽  
Aya A. Taha ◽  
Mazar M. Dafaallah ◽  
Alaa Abdelgafoor Mohammed ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Class C

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with  intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases genes frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. Eighty isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species specific primers. The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB and blaOXA-1 genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β- Lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of beta-lactamases genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); bla CTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and bla DHA 8 (29.6%).  In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both bla AmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β- lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and mycological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagraj M. ◽  
Premalatha D. E.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft. It can cause permanent perforation and is famous for its recurrence and persistent infection. Haphazard use of antibiotics and increasing use of newer ones has led to persistent change in microbial flora. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria and fungi causing chronic suppurative otitis media and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective cross sectional study was done in 70 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media presenting with active ear discharge. Sterile swabs were used to collect pus from discharging ear and sent for culture sensitivity. All organisms isolated were identified according to standard microbiological methods.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>were the most common organisms isolated in this study. Fungi isolated most commonly was <em>Aspergillus species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>was most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Gentamycin. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>was most sensitive to Linezolid and vancomycin and least sensitive to Erythromycin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the most common bacteria isolated and <em>Aspergillus </em>spp was the most common fungi isolated from patients with CSOM. Judicial use of antibiotics is necessary for the prevention of development of antibiotic resistance.</p>

scholarly journals Judicial demand of medications through the Federal Justice of the State of Paraná

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Mitsunori Nisihara ◽  
Ana Carolina Possebom ◽  
Luiza de Martino Cruvinel Borges ◽  
Ana Claudia Athanasio Shwetz ◽  
Fernanda Francis Benevides Bettes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online System ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the profile of lawsuits related to drug requests filled at the Federal Justice of the State of Paraná. Methods A cross-sectional study, and the data were obtained through consulting the lawsuits at the online system of the Federal Justice of Paraná. Results Out of 347 lawsuits included in the study, 55% of plaintiffs were women, with a median age of 56 years. Oncology was the field with more requests (23.6%), and the highest mean costs. A wide variety of diseases and broad variety of requested drugs were found in the lawsuits. Approximately two-thirds of them were requested by the brand name, and the most often requested drugs were palivizumab and tiotropium bromide. Only 14.5% of the requested medicines were registered in the National Medication Register. The Public Defender’s Office filled actions in 89.6% of cases and all lawsuits had an interim relief. The mean time for approval was 35 days and 70% of requests were granted. Conclusion Oncology was the field with the highest demand for medicines at the Federal Justice of Paraná in 2014. A great variety of medications was requested. The Public Defender´s Office represented most lawsuits. All demands had an interim relief, and the majority of requests were granted, within an average of 35 days.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I Chub ◽  
Aleksandr V Bilchenko ◽  
Igor Khalin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background : Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results : 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion : Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.

scholarly journals Time Intervals From Onset of Clinical Manifestations to Treatment in Patients With Cancer at Hospital General San Felipe, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
José A. Sánchez ◽  
Mayra G. Handal ◽  
Juan F. Vílchez Rodriguez ◽  
Sinthia I. Mejía ◽  
Annye P. Pagoaga
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

PURPOSE In cancer, clinical staging is related to outcomes, and this is linked to the evolution of the disease over time. In Honduras, cancer mortality is high, and time intervals from onset of symptoms to treatment of cancer are not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine these intervals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This investigation was carried out from April 25 to August 30, 2018, and included 202 patients at the main cancer referral center in Honduras. For the purposes of the study, information was obtained from patients, their caregiver, medical records, or treatment cards. Patients older than age 18 years were included after informed consent was signed. RESULTS The mean time interval from onset of symptoms to cancer treatment was 232 days. Different intervals of time were identified, and the mean of these intervals was calculated in days as follows: 68 days from onset of symptoms to first medical evaluation; 146 days from first evaluation to oncologist consultation; 26 days from cancer specialist to the pathology report; and 86 days from the histopathologic diagnosis to the beginning of treatment. Once diagnosis was established, the average elapsed times to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and chemoradiotherapy were 88, 102, 76, and 154 days, respectively ( P < .05, when surgery is compared against chemotherapy and radiotherapy). CONCLUSION The mean time interval from symptom presentation to treatment in patients with cancer is more than 7 months. This could explain the advanced stages of disease seen at the time of treatment in Honduras, which decrease chance of cure and increase the mortality rate of cancer). Appropriate intervention to decrease these intervals must be taken to reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372095207
Author(s):  
Kiran Duwadi ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Pabitra Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Patients with malignancies frequently develop infections as a result of surgical procedures and fungating wounds leading to pus formation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the bacteriological spectra of infections of various cancer sites and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among the patients visiting minor operation theatre (OT) of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: Over a period of 3 months from September to November 2018, a total of 183 wound exudates and pus samples were collected and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified based on the colony characters, Gram staining and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to criteria set by CLSI, 2016. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was tested with the help of cefoxitin using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 183 samples, 149 (81.4%) were culture positive. Among 13 different isolates identified, S. aureus (43.0%) was predominant followed by E. coli (14.0%). Higher incidence of bacteria was seen among the males (52.3%), in the age group 51 to 60 years (26.8%) and among the patients undergoing surgical intervention to deal with cancer (34.2%). The prevalence of wound infection was significantly affected by gender, age, and treatment regimen ( P < .01). Out of the total 68 S. aureus isolates, 38 (44.1%) were deemed as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 158 isolates, 85 (53.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates whereas both imipenem and meropenem were found to be equally more effective for Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with malignancies harbor pathogenic bacteria; therefore, prudent use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the emergence of MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Comparative study of intra vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) with intracervical dinoprostone (PGE2) gel for induction of labour

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Bina M. Raval ◽  
Nainesh S. Zalavadiya ◽  
Pushpa A. Yadava ◽  
Shital T. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Misoprostol Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vaginal Misoprostol ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Labour is a final consequence of Pregnancy and is inevitable. The timing of labour may vary widely but it will happen sooner or later. The aim of the present research was to study the safety, efficacy and effect of intra vaginal Misoprostol and intra cervical Dinoprostone gel for induction of labour.Methods: 100 patients who required labour of induction were included in this prospective cross-sectional study from September 2017- March 2018. 50 patients of them received 25mcg tablet misoprostol intravaginal and 50 patients of them required 0.5mg intracervical dinoprostone gel and doses were repeated every 6 hourly for up to maximum 6 doses for Misoprostol and 3 doses for Dinoprostone gel.Results: The majority of patients had gestational age above 40 weeks and between 37-40 weeks in PGE2 and PGE1 group respectively. The mean time taken for the onset of labour was less in Misoprostol than in Dinoprostone group (43.22min v/s 1 hr40 min). The mean time taken for induction to active phase of labour (1hr 42min v/s 4hr 10min) and active phase to delivery (3hr 6min v/s 4hr54min) was less in Misoprostol than Dinoprostone group. The mean time required for induction to delivery was less in Misoprostol group (5hr 2min v/s 11hrs). Requirement of oxytocin for augmentation of labour was almost equal in both groups. Caesarean section rate was less in Misoprostol group (10% v/s 22%). Maternal side effects were minimal in either groups and neonatal outcome was good in both the groups.Conclusions: Both Misoprostol and Dinoprostone gel are safe, effective for cervical ripening and induction but Misoprostol is more cost effective and stable at room temperature.

scholarly journals β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Dina N. Abdelrahman ◽  
Aya A. Taha ◽  
Mazar M. Dafaallah ◽  
Alaa Abdelgafoor Mohammed ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Class C

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases gene (extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes and class C β-lactamases genes) frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 80 isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species-specific primers (the remaining 40 isolates were other bacterial species). The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for ESBLs genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β-lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of ESBLs genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); blaCTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); and blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). Occurrence of class C β-lactamases genes was blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and blaDHA 8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both blaAmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β-lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.

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