scholarly journals Occurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis in rural areas adjacent to Dhaka city

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Laila Fahria ◽  
Aleya Begum ◽  
Mandira Mukutmoni
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples

The present study was designed to investigate Strongyloides stercoralis infection in rural communities of Savar and Gazipur. A total of 160 stool samples were collected from the inhabitants of the study areas during December 2016 to November 2017. The samples were processed by direct smear, formol-ether concentration technique and Harada-Mori culture. The overall prevalence of S. stercoralis was 10.63%; 11% in Savar and 10% in Gazipur. The elderly people were more prone to S. stercoralis infection. No respondent belonging to age group of 11-20 years was found positive for infection. Poor educational status, inferior financial condition and inadequate hygiene practice were found as potential risk factors (P<0.05). Noticeable prevalence was observed among the respondents living in mud floored house (13.46%), irregular nail clippers (22.73%), bare footers (14.89%) and laborers (27.27%) in Savar. Prevalence was high among the respondents deprived of institutional education (17.86%) in Gazipur. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 313-320, 2020

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases in school children of rural areas of district Lower Dir, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ulhaq ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
M. F. Khan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
A. A. Ujjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Hook Worm ◽  
Minimum Ratio

Abstract Present study was conducted among school children to recognize the prevalence of IPIs in rural communities of district Dir Lower, Pakistan. A sum of 324 samples of stool were collected (210 boys and 114 girls). Used direct smear method and formol ether sedimentation concentration technique for processing the samples. The result shows that 82% (n=266) were found infected comprised 64.8% male and 35.1% females. Children of the age group 10 to 12 years were found extremely infected 94.2% while 4-6 year age group were having minimum ratio of infection 72%. Current study shows mono parasitism in 50.6% of the students while 22.2% were infected with 2 species and 7.40% were infected with three species of parasites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were reported include Ascaris lumbricoid in male (n=122) 58.0% and in female (n=65) 57.0% followed by Hook worm (n=88) 41.9% and (n=44) 38.5%; Tania saginata (n=44) 20.9% and (n=24) 21.0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n=32) 15.2% and (n=16) 14.0%; Trichuris trichura (n=25) 11.9% and (n=22) 19.2%; Hymenolepis nana (n=24) 11.4% and (n=18) 15.7% and Entameoba histolytica (n=16) 7.61% and (n=14) 12.2% in male and females respectively. The study indicates that most occurring intestinal parasite in the current study were Ascaris lumbricoides 58.0% (n=122) followed by hookworms 41.9% (n=88). Male students were more infected than females in the present study.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characterisation of Human Sapovirus from Children with Diarrhoea in the Rural Areas of Vhembe District, South Africa, 2017–2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Mpho Magwalivha ◽  
Jean-Pierre Kabue Ngandu ◽  
Afsatou Ndama Traore ◽  
Natasha Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Prevalent Strain ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Vhembe District ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Diarrhoeal disease is considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing areas, and a large contributor to the burden of disease in children younger than five years of age. This study investigated the prevalence and genogroups of human sapovirus (SV) in children ≤5 years of age in rural communities of Vhembe district, South Africa. Between 2017 and 2020, a total of 284 stool samples were collected from children suffering with diarrhoea (n = 228) and from children without diarrhoea (n = 56). RNA extraction using Boom extraction method, and screening for SV using real-time PCR were done in the lab. Positive samples were subjected to conventional RT-PCR targeting the capsid fragment. Positive sample isolates were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. Overall SV were detected in 14.1% (40/284) of the stool samples (16.7% (38/228) of diarrhoeal and 3.6% (2/56) of non-diarrhoeal samples). Significant correlation between SV positive cases and water sources was noted. Genogroup-I was identified as the most prevalent strain comprising 81.3% (13/16), followed by SV-GII 12.5% (2/16) and SV-GIV 6.2% (1/16). This study provides valuable data on prevalence of SV amongst outpatients in rural and underdeveloped communities, and highlights the necessity for further monitoring of SV circulating strains as potential emerging strains.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cryptosporidium in Patients With Gastroenteritis by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Method in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Alireza Javidmehr ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Amir Babak Sioufi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is caused by Cryptosporidium species and leads to acute or chronic diarrhea and vomiting in patients. Due to the suitable conditions of East Azerbaijan province for parasite transmission, the present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with gastroenteritis referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with diarrhea who referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. In this study, 180 fecal samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis by cluster-random sampling. Stool samples were stored in 10% formalin and transferred to a parasitology laboratory and examined for parasite contamination by modified acid-fast staining (Modified Ziehl-Neelsen) method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS. Results: Out of 180 samples, the highest number of diarrhea samples belonged to the age group over 40 years (35.5%) and the lowest belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (7.7%). Additionally, 56% of subjects were male and 44% were female. Of these patients, 57.7% lived in urban areas and 42.3% in rural areas. Cryptosporidium was observed in 1.6% (3 cases) of patients with gastroenteritis. There was a statistically significant relationship between Cryptosporidium infection and the age of patients with diarrhea (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, a lower prevalence of cryptosporidiosis has been determined in comparison with previous studies in East Azerbaijan province. However, Cryptosporidium and other parasitic infections in the feces of patients with diarrhea referred to hospitals or reference laboratories need to be carefully diagnosed by appropriate parasitological methods.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites among School Children Attending Two Community Schools in Auta Balefi, Karu, Nasarawa State

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Maikenti, James Ishaku ◽  
Chinonso Praise Onyeacho ◽  
Amos Zamfara Koggie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Community Schools ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth

Aim: To determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites among school children attending two community schools in Auta-balefi, Karu. Nasarawa State. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between July and August, 2019 in two community schools in Auta-balefi, Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Microscopic examination of faecal sample from 288 pupils (143 males and 145 females) from ages 5 years and above was carried out using formol-ether concentration technique. Questionnaires were also administered and only pupils whose parents gave their consents were enrolled in the study. Results: This study recorded an overall prevalence of 45.1% gastrointestinal helminth infection. The study however, identified the following parasites in descending order: hookworm (30.76%), Ascaris lumbricoides (25.4%), Schistosoma mansoni (17.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (13.8%), Proglottids of tapeworm (10.78%), Fasciola hepatica (1.5%). Males (51.0%) were more infected as well as children between the ages 11-15 years with (48.3%). Risk factors such as: The educational status and occupation (higher education and unskilled job) of the parents, use of water closet and use of well water and contact with soil were found to contribute to the prevalence of intestinal helminths infection in the study. This is because of the significant association of present of parasites and the prevalence of the parasites (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths parasite at the end of the study was (45.1%) which is considered to be high compare to previous study carried on the related subject matter and also certain risk factors were considered to be the reason for such high observation. The prevalence in this study is one to be worried about considering the harm these parasites has on the health and livelihood of children who need to be healthy to carry out their everyday functions.

The Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG): A validation study in outpatients suffering from dementia and non-demented elderly subjects (including Age Associated Cognitive Decline patients) in Greece

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis ◽  
Helen Chantzi ◽  
Aristides Kazis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Uncertainty Zone

Introduction: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination for the elderly (CAMCOG) was first published in 1986 as a reliable instrument for the study of patients with cognitive function impairment. Objective: To standardize the Greek version of CAMCOG. Setting: Dementia Outpatient Clinic, 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Participants: 150 nondemented controls and 100 patients suffering from mild to severe dementia of various types took part in the study. Results: CAMCOG manifests Cronbach's alpha=0.93. In the group of patients under 75, sensitivity (Sn) is 90.00 percent at the level of 76/77 and specificity is 91.89 percent at the level of 70/71. The respective scores for the group of patients over 74 are 68/69 (Sn=90.00 percent) and 60/61 (Sp=92.30 percent). It seems that CAMCOG shows an “uncertainty zone” in both groups between the scores of 71 to 76 for the first group and of 61 to 68 for the second. The MMSE cut-off point, for the two groups are 23/24 (Sn=94.28 percent, Sp=90.99 percent) and 22/23 (Sn=96.60 percent, Sp=94.87 percent), respectively. Conclusion: The Greek version of CAMCOG manifests different properties than the original British Version. This is probably due to differences in education and social background (e.g., cultural isolation of rural areas). MMSE performs better than CAMCOG mainly because diagnosis is based on the assessment of fundamental aspects of cognitive function, which is reflected in MMSE in a way that is less affected by the mental or educational status of the subject.

scholarly journals Legal Grounds for Social Work Organization in Rural Communities of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Oksana Vasіuk ◽  
Olena Gulac ◽  
Vasyl Shust ◽  
Svitlana Marchenko ◽  
Andrii Halai
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Disabled

One of the forms of social work organization in rural areas is the work of united territorial communities created in the course of administrative reform in Ukraine. Such social services in the community can be developed on the basis of a local school, turning it into a comprehensive center of social work with children and adults, families, the elderly and the disabled. The center can employ social educators and social workers, cultural organizers, medical social workers, psychologists. Lawyers, economists and other specialists can be involved as consultants. Analysis of socio-economic problems of the modern Ukrainian village allows to design the main directions of social work in the community: socio-pedagogical patronage at the place of residence; individual social patronage; programs of individual support of children and parents "at risk"; advisory points; charity events; pedagogical psychotherapy; educational courses for children and parents; initiative groups, clubs of assistants of social pedagogues; employment of adolescents and young people. During our research, villages with a high, medium and low level of organization of social work were identified. Along with the negative tendencies, sprouts of a new, creative attitude to work with the inhabitants of rural areas were revealed. This work is based on a systematic approach to the organization of institutions and associations of socio-educational and cultural orientation. Keywords: administrative reform, social work, rural community, united territorial community

scholarly journals Agar Plate Culture: An Alternative Sensitive Routine Laboratory Detection Method for Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm Parasites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse HAILU ◽  
Endalkachew NIBRET ◽  
Arancha AMOR ◽  
Abaineh MUNSHEA ◽  
Melaku ANEGAGRIE
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Agreement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm parasites is usually under reported due to less sensitive diagnostic methods. Agar plate culture (APC) is the most sensitive technique for parasites having larval stage. However, using APC in routine diagnosis is uncommon. This study aimed to determine the detection rate and sensitivity of APC in comparison with formal ether concentration technique (FECT) and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques (STSTs) for S. stercoralis and hookworm larvae. Methods: Stool samples collected from 844 schoolchildren in Amhara Regional State, northwestern Ethiopia in 2019, transported to nearby health institutions and processed by APC, FECT and STSTs. The prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm was computed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square. The diagnostic agreement among the three techniques was evaluated using Kappa value. Results: The overall prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infections by combining the three methods was 13.2% (111/844) and 33.8% (277/844), respectively. Using APC alone, the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm were found to be 10.9% (92/844) and 24.5% (207/844), respectively. Agar plate culture was 5.4 and 2.7 times respectively more sensitive than FECT and STST, with slight and fair agreement in the detection of S. stercoralis. Hookworm diagnostic agreement was moderate between APC and FECT, and APC and STST. The Kappa value between STST and FECT diagnostic methods was substantial. Conclusion: APC has a better detection rate of S stercoralis and hookworm larvae. Therefore, APC can be used as an alternative routine diagnostic method to S. stercoralis and hookworm co-endemic countries.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors and Their Interactions with Prediabetes among the Elderly in Rural Communities of Yiyang City, Hunan Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hu ◽  
Fan Gao ◽  
Lulu Qin ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Huilan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Additive Interactions ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background. The prevalence of prediabetes has been increasing significantly in recent years. Individuals with prediabetes have an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for prediabetes and their interactions among the elderly in rural communities of Hunan Province and to provide a scientific basis for prediabetes prevention. Methods. A case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for prediabetes among the elderly in rural areas. The general sociodemographic information, lifestyle behaviours, and physiological results of elderly individuals with prediabetes and controls were collected by a questionnaire and laboratory testing. Conditional logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for prediabetes among the elderly, and additive interactions were used to analyse the interactions between risk factors. Results. A total of 425 elderly subjects with prediabetes were included in the case group, and 425 elderly subjects with normal plasma glucose levels were included in the control group. The main risk factors for prediabetes among the elderly in rural communities of Hunan Province were a family history of diabetes (OR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.13, 5.46), physical inactivity (OR=3.27; 95% CI: 1.95, 5.49), a lack of health literacy on diabetes prevention and control (OR=3.26; 95% CI: 1.62, 6.55), hypertension (OR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.93), overweight (OR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.67, 3.81), obesity (OR=3.08; 95% CI: 1.48, 6.40), and a high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (OR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.51). Additive interactions for prediabetes were detected between a high WHR and physical inactivity, with a relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 6.30 (95% CI: 0.42, 12.18), and between a high WHR and overweight or obesity, with an RERI of 2.92 (95% CI: 0.56, 5.29). Conclusion. The independent risk factors for prediabetes are a family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, a lack of health literacy on diabetes prevention and control, hypertension, overweight or obesity, and a high WHR. A high WHR has additive interactions with physical inactivity and overweight or obesity for the risk of prediabetes. These findings have significant implications for prediabetes prevention among the elderly in rural areas.

scholarly journals Community-Based Interventions to Improve the Control of Non-Communicable Diseases in Underserved Rural Areas in Brazil: A Before-and-After Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Caline Lemos Macedo ◽  
Vivian Carla Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho ◽  
Taciana Borges Andrade Cortes ◽  
Daniela Arruda Soares ◽  
Sóstenes Mistro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the second and third highest leading causes of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), respectively, in Brazil. The clinical outcomes of chronic diseases are influenced by various factors. Therefore, there is a need for multifaceted interventions to achieve a decrease in the rate of DALY, with a better control of these diseases.Objective: To verify whether sustainable long-term interventions, such as health worker training and provision of health education to the patients, contribute to health improvements in patients with hypertension and diabetes from rural communities.Methods: Over a 6 month period, educational and medical interventions were provided to optimize the treatment of hypertension and diabetes. Furthermore, blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements were taken at baseline and after the interventions.Results: The monitored hypertensive patients (n = 276) had a reduction of 13.4 mmHg (p = 0.021) and 5.8 mmHg (p &lt; 0.001) in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Diabetic patients who were followed-up (n = 71) achieved a 0.55% (p = 0.185) reduction in HbA1c level. The desired blood pressure level (&lt;140/90 mmHg) was achieved in 38.8% of patients with hypertension, whereas the desired level of HbA1c (&lt;7.0% for adults and &lt;8.0% for the elderly) was achieved in 16.9% of patients with diabetes; in addition, 38.0% had a reduction of HbA1c of at least 1%.Conclusion: The results showed that the interventions improved the blood pressure and HbA1c levels in patients with hypertension and diabetes from rural communities in a municipality in Northeast Brazil.

scholarly journals Examining the role of urban form In shaping people's accessibility to opportunities: An exploratory spatial data analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Scott ◽  
Mark Horner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Retail Service

This study employs a comprehensive suite of accessibility indices to investigate whether American cities are designed in such a way that the locations of goods, services, and other opportunities favor certain socio-economic groups over others. In so doing, the study’s findings contribute to pressing policy issues such as social exclusion. Seven counties of the Louisville, KY-IN MSA serve as the study area for the investigation. Data are derived from three sources: a geocoded travel diary survey that was conducted in the study area in 2000, a geocoded database of all urban opportunities in the study area, and a database containing shortest path travel times between the locations of households and urban opportunities. Accessibility indices (i.e., gravity, cumulative opportunity, and proximity) are computed for households found in the trip diary survey. Furthermore, these indices are defined for 34 types of opportunities: four aggregate types (i.e., retail, service, leisure, and religious) and 30 disaggregate types representing the 10 most popular destinations for trips for each of the first three aggregate types. Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests are used to compare the accessibilities of five socio-economic groups (i.e., individuals residing in rural communities, individuals residing in single-person and single-parent households, individuals residing in low-income households, women, and the elderly) to their counterparts. Except for individuals residing in rural areas, our findings indicate that groups, which conventional wisdom would suggest are at risk of social exclusion, are not disadvantaged in terms of accessibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document