scholarly journals A Karyological Study of Tenualosa Ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) From the Confluence of Padma and Meghna River of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Md Abu Horayra ◽  
Md Arafat Rahman Khan ◽  
Faria Akbar ◽  
Susmita Saha ◽  
Mehrab Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Karyological Data ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Centromeric Position ◽  
Tenualosa Ilisha

Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822), commonly known as Hilsha shad is a valuable and highly acceptable species in terms of their high flavored properties. Hilsha shad has striking morpho-genetical adaptation to heterogeneous habitats across their migratory routes. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrates the changes in chromosomes. But none was focused on the cytogenetic analysis of T. ilisha in Bangladesh. T. ilisha was found to possess 2n = 42 number of chromosomes along with a karyotype formula: 1M + 31m + 8sm + 2st using giemsa staining technique. The results demonstrated ‘diffuse type of interphase nuclei, co-existence of continuous type and interstitial type of prophase chromosomes respectively. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were determined cytologically. The presence of diverse types of chromosomes based on centromeric position, gradual decrease in total haploid chromosome complement, mean centromeric asymmetry, coefficient of variation of chromosome length and Stebbins’s classification highlighted its asymmetry in karyotype with advance nature. Therefore, the elemental karyological data will offer information for the proper identification, cytotaxonomical classification, expanding productivity and preservation of genetic resources ofT. ilisha. Bangladesh J. Zool. 49 (2): 243-255, 2021

Redescription of the karyotype of five species of the family Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura) from central area of Argentina

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Baraquet ◽  
Julián Valetti ◽  
Nancy Salas ◽  
Adolfo Martino
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotype Formula

AbstractIn this study karyotypic features of the five species of the family Bufonidae from the central area of Argentina are described. The species are Rhinella achalensis, Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella fernandezae, Rhinella schneideri and Melanophryniscus stelzneri. The metaphases were obtained from intestinal and testis cells, using conventional techniques. Twenty metaphasic figures per individual were analyzed and the total length of each chromosome and the length of the four arms were measured. The obtained measurements were processed using Excel 2000 to obtain the average length of the arms p and q, the arm ratio, the centromeric index, the relative chromosome length and the relative arm length. All species showed karyotype 2n = 22, and karyotype formula of 6: 5. Pairs one to six were large, with a relative chromosome length between 18.64–7.59%; pairs seven to eleven were small, with a relative chromosome length between 7.18–2.42%. In all species the chromosome morphology was metacentric or submetacentric. Karyotype and ideograms were made for all species, based on morphometric parameters of the chromosome complement. Finally, discriminant analysis was used to separate the five species analyzed, with a highly significant classification rate of 80% and P < 0.0001. These results agree, in general, with those presented by other authors, however, in M. stelzneri detailed karyological studied have not been made so far, thus this work represents a significant contribution to the karyotypic decryption features of this species and the Rhinellla species from central area of Argentina.

Malignant odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla: case with cytogenetic confirmation

2000 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pahl ◽  
Wolfram Henn ◽  
Thomas Binger ◽  
Ute Stein ◽  
Klaus Remberger
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Odontogenic Myxoma ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Nuclear Pleomorphism ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Benign Tumours ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Course

An odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla with an aggressive clinical course is presented. The tumour arose in a 53-year-old patient, recurred two times after extended maxillectomy and ultimately caused the patient’s death by uncontrollable local disease with infiltration of the cranial cavity.Microscopically, the tumour showed histological features of a low grade malignant myxosarcoma with cellular areas, enhanced mitotic activity and nuclear pleomorphism. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an unexpectedly aberrant hypertetraploid chromosome complement, that was considered as incompatible with the usual karyotypic patterns of benign tumours.

Application of Thrombolytic Drugs on Clotted Blood and Bone Marrow Specimens to Generate Usable Cells for Cytogenetic Analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-919
Author(s):  
Angelique St Antoine ◽  
Morgan N. Ketterling, BA ◽  
William R. Sukov ◽  
Josh Lowman ◽  
Ryan A. Knudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses

Abstract Context.—Clotted blood and bone marrow specimens account for a large proportion of failed cytogenetic studies. There are no published protocols describing salvage of clotted specimens such that conventional chromosome or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies can be performed. Objective.—To evaluate the utility of thrombolytic drugs on clotted blood samples to yield intact cells suitable for cytogenetic analysis. Design.—Five commercially available thrombolytic drugs (alteplase, urokinase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, reteplase) were evaluated in a series of blinded experiments to identify the best drug for lysing clots to produce samples suitable for chromosome and FISH studies. After the selection of alteplase as the drug yielding the most promising results, a comparative study between alteplase (0.75 mg/ml) and a commercially available anticlotting reagent (ACR) was performed. For each sample, mitotic index, chromosome length, and quality of slides prepared for conventional chromosome and FISH analyses were evaluated. Results.—Alteplase-treated samples produced a higher mitotic index than those treated with ACR while showing equivalent quality in conventional chromosome and FISH studies. We have demonstrated the utility of treating clotted blood samples with alteplase before cell culture to yield cells suitable for cytogenetic analysis. Since clinical implementation, this technique has been applied to more than 250 bone marrow samples, with a 93% success rate. Conclusions.—We believe the routine use of alteplase on clotted blood and bone marrow specimens should become standard for cytogenetics laboratories and may have similar utility in salvaging clotted specimens for other clinical assays requiring intact cells for analysis.

Cytogenetic analysis of first cleavage fertilized mouse eggs following in vivo exposure to ethanol shortly before and at the time of conception

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
G.T. O'Neill ◽  
M.H. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Mouse Eggs

In this study, the chromosome constitution of mouse eggs exposed in vivo to a dilute solution of ethanol during specific stages of the first and second meiotic divisions was determined at the first cleavage mitosis. Exposure to ethanol prior to the completion of the second meiotic division induced an incidence (7–10%) of aneuploidy involving only one chromosome in 98% of malsegregation events. This investigation provides indirect evidence that ethanol may induce aneuploidy by disrupting the functioning of the meiotic spindle. Karyological analyses of chromosome spreads prepared at the first cleavage metaphase suggest that only a small proportion of the total chromosome complement may be induced to undergo malsegregation.

A NEW SPECIES OF CENTAUREA (ASTERACEAE) FROM TURKEY

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUNA UYSAL ◽  
ERGIN HAMZAOĞLU ◽  
KUDDISI ERTUĞRUL ◽  
MERYEM BOZKURT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Karyological Data ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Taxonomical Position ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from Turkey is described and illustrated. Centaurea nallihanense Uysal & Hamzaoğlu occurs on stony slopes of corrupted oak openings in the Province of Ankara in Central Anatolia. It seems to be similar to C. sect. Ptosimopappus but related to the Cheirolepis-Pseudoseridia complex. Diagnostic characters of similar taxa are provided and a comprehensive discussion is held on the basis of molecular and karyological data. The geographical distribution of the new species is mapped. The chromosome number of C. nallihanense, 2n = 2x = 18, counted in root tips, is also reported and illustrated. Its karyotype formula is 6m+3sm. The karyotype of C. nallihanense consists of mainly metacentric chromosomes with the length ranging from 1.113 to 1.771 µm, and the total haploid chromosome length of 12.909 µm. Also, the ITS gene region of the new species is amplified and sequenced to compare with the relatives and to identify the taxonomical position of the new species within Centaurea.

CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS IN THE TOMATO: PREFERENTIAL BREAKAGE IN HETEROCHROMATIN

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Gill ◽  
C. R. Burnham ◽  
G. R. Stringam ◽  
J. T. Stout ◽  
W. H. Weinheimer
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Pachytene Chromosome ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Mode Of Production

A tester set of eight translocations has been selected involving all 12 chromosomes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Using the entire tester set, seven other translocations were identified. Five others were identified, using information from crosses with certain of the testers and with additional translocations. Three lines are homozygous for two translocations (2 04 in the heterozygotes). There are several instances in which more than one stock involves the same two chromosomes. Cytological analyses of tomato translocations show that breakages that give rise to translocation chromosomes occur more frequently in centromeric and heterochromatic regions than in euchromatic and are not distributed according to pachytene chromosome length. A list of available tomato translocations with information on mode of production, source, and breakpoints is included.

scholarly journals Comparative karyomorphological analysis of two varieties of Brassica campestris from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Ashma Ahmed Warasy
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Chromosomal Length

Two varieties of the oilseed plant viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were karyomorphologically investigated following orcein staining. Presence of “Round Pro-chromosome Type” of interphase nuclei and “Continuous Type” of prophase chromosomes indicating that both Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-9 were originated from common ancestor. Moreover, both the varieties were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes with almost similar range of length i.e.; 0.90±0.04-2.51±0.05μm for Tori-7 and 0.99±0.06-2.60±0.06μm for BARI Sharisha-9. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 29.61±0.76μm for Tori-7 and 29.75±0.80μm for BARI Sharisha- 9 where a slight gradual decrease of chromosomal length was observed in both cases. Average chromosomal length, range of individual chromosomal length, relative length and centromeric index of both varieties were more or less similar. Karyotype symmetry index and Karyotype asymmetry index indicating the symmetric nature of both varieties. All metacentric chromosomes were found in Tori-7 representing strictly symmetric karyotype. Beside metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes were found in BARI Sharisha-9 representing almost symmetric karyotype. Thus the two varieties of Brassica campestris -were plants of primitive nature. However, BARI Sharisha-9 can be considered comparatively advanced than Tori-7 based on different cytogenetical features. Therefore, the compilation of these karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identification and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in crop improvement programme. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 69-77, 2020 (June & December)

scholarly journals Cytogenetical characterization of Acalypha indica L. in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Ishrat Jahan Bonna ◽  
Sheikh Shamimul Alam ◽  
Syeda Sharmeen Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Cytological Investigation ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Orcein Staining ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Acalypha indica L. was cytogenetically characterized after staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI. In this species "Simple Chromocenter Type" of interphase nuclei was observed with a few small heterochromatin blocks following orcein staining. Prophase chromosomes showed “Interstitial Type” of staining pattern with orcein which indicated the tendency of aggregation of heterochromatin in interstitial regions of chromosome. This plant was found to possess 2n = 20 metacentric chromosomes. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was 55.33 μm. Individual chromosome length ranged from 1.84 to 3.50 μm. The relative length of each chromosome ranged from 0.03 to 0.06. After staining with CMA, three bright bands were observed at different locations of chromosomes. A total of four DAPI-positive bands were also found of which two bands were centromeric and other two were entirely fluoresced with DAPI. The results of the cytological investigation may be useful for future characterization of this plant species. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 183-189, 2018 (July)

CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY OF POA TRIVIALIS L.

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Ahmed ◽  
G. Jelenkovic ◽  
W. R. Dickson ◽  
C. R. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Poa Trivialis

The chromosome complement in six turf-type genotypes of Poa trivialis was studied. The chromosome number was 2n = 2x = 14. On the basis of chromosome length, ratio between arm lengths, centromeric indices, and presence of constrictions all seven pairs were identified and characterized.

IMPROVED RESOLUTION OF THE MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMES IN BOTH SEXES OF EUXOA SPECIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Division Spindle ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

An air drying and Giemsa staining technique produces consistently good quality cytological preparations when applied to different species of Euxoa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and, in particular, it allows an improved resolution of the meiotic chromosomes in both sexes. All species so far investigated have a basic haploid chromosome complement of n(♀) = 31(XX); n(♂) = (XY). A single chiasma per individual bivalent is clearly visible in the male sex. Some chiasmata are formed in interstitial positions, but, by metaphase I, they have all undergone complete terminalization while the bivalents orient axially on the first division spindle. Direct evidence for lack of chiasma formation in the 31 hormorphic bivalents in the female sex is reported for the first time for species of Noctuidae. Evidence in favor of an XY system in the female sex is discussed. Preliminary studies of the meiotic divisions in hybrid material reveal the presence of cryptic structural differences between certain taxa, and will help to elucidate taxonomic problems within this complex genus.

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