scholarly journals What determines Enset (Ensete ventricosum) production and its contribution to household income? Empirical evidence from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ejigu Mulatu
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Market Center

Enset production in Ethiopia is seemingly limited to only consumption-based production and most of producers supplied small amounts of products to the market. This study was conducted with main objective of assessing factors affecting market participation of enset producers in Chena district in southwestern Ethiopia. Two-stage sampling technique was employed to select 101 representative enset producer households. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to gather necessary data for attaining specific objectives of the study. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze the collected data. A Heckman two stage model was employed to analyze the factors affecting households’ decision in market participation in sale of enset products and the amount of gross income earned. Econometric model analysis result showed that; sex of household head, education level, livestock owned, a distance from nearest market center, enset plantation size, and transport access were found to be significant in affecting the probability of market participation decision. In addition, education level, family size, distance from market center, enset plantation, and transport access affected the amount of gross income earned from sale of different enset products. The result suggests the need for stakeholders’ involvement to enable market-oriented production of crop to encourage farmers for better crop production and market supply to have increased amount of income and proper utilization of the crop. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 17-25, June 2021

scholarly journals Analysis of the Factors Influencing Market Participation among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyein Kyaw ◽  
Soojung Ahn ◽  
Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Dry Zone

Smallholder farmers face numerous constraints that restrict their access to markets and prevent them from taking advantage of market opportunities. This research aimed to examine the factors affecting the market participation of smallholder farmers and find ways to improve the income and livelihood of smallholder farmers, focusing on Myothit Township in Magway Region, Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. For the primary data, we surveyed 150 smallholder rice farmers which were selected using a random sampling technique. Using the Heckman two-stage selection model, we analyzed the factors influencing smallholder rice farmers’ decisions regarding participation in the agricultural market. This study revealed that the decision to participate in the rice market was dependent on different factors such as the household head age, education status, household size, total produce of rice, price of rice, household income, ownership of livestock, membership of farmer organization, access to roads, distance to market, access to extension services, and market information. The results of this study have implications as to what factors need to be addressed to encourage smallholder rice farmers to participate in the market. We suggest that Myanmar government and policymakers need to establish balanced policies for small-scale farmers and manage them in an appropriate way so that agricultural development can be induced, contributing to poverty reduction, food security, and economic development.

scholarly journals Determinants of Market Participation and Intensity of Marketed Surplus Among Maize Producers in Fogera District of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia: Heckman Two Stage Equation Approach.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walelgn Yalew Beadgie ◽  
Ponguru Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Market Participants

Abstract The agricultural productivity is low due to use of low level of improved agricultural technologies, risks associated with or no access to market facilities and low participation of the smallholder farmers. Hence the study focused on the specific objectives were to identify factors that affect market participation decision of households and to determine factors affecting the volume of market supply of maize. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and focus-group discussions. A stratified stage sampling technique was used to draw 150 sample units using systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Heckman Two-Stage model was employed. The result indicated that 56% of market participant were male headed, while 30.67% were female headed. Whereas 15.58% of non-market participants were male headed households, while 5.84% of non-market participants were female headed households. Out of 17 potential variables, seven variables age, area of maize, oxen number, distance to market, access to market information, member of cooperatives and inverse mill’s ratio were significantly influence the decision & extent participation in maize marketing. Therefore, the following points are recommended to develop sustainable production and marketing of maize that is locally adaptable and acceptable to increase the competitiveness of smallholder farmers: improving access to credit to apply fertilizer, farmers should rely on intensive cultivation rather than extensive cultivation and strengthen extension service.

scholarly journals Factors affecting extent of rural livelihood diversification in selected areas of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
H Bhandari ◽  
PU Gordoncillo ◽  
CB Quicoy ◽  
GP Carnaje
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Migrant Household ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Major Factors

The study was carried out to investigate the patterns and extent of livelihood diversification in rural Bangladesh. It also identified the major factors affecting extent of livelihood diversification. The study drew a random sample of 500 rural farm households in Bangladesh through a multi-stage sampling technique. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical techniques. The results showed that remittance contributed the highest to the household income followed by petty business and rice farming. The estimated values of Simpson Index of Diversification (SID) showed that majority of the rural households had “medium” and “high” level diversified livelihood activities. Tobit regression analysis found that gender of the household head, household size and amount of credit had positive and significant effects; and number of migrant household member, dependency ratio, household assets, education of the household head and amount of savings had negative but significant effects on the extent of livelihood diversification. The small and medium landholding households were more likely to diversify their livelihoods compared to the functionally landless and large landholding households. The study recommended that non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to combat poor households' vulnerability to shocks and income fluctuations. Functionally landless households should be given more attention to increase and diversify their incomes.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 7-21 (2018)

scholarly journals Determinants of Maize Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Nunu Kumba District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mabiratu Dangia ◽  
Prem Kumar Dara ◽  
Gersam Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Ordered Logit ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Infrastructure Strengthening

This study were aimed at analyzemaize producer’s household level of market participation, determinants of maize producer household’s degree of market participationand determinants of maize producer households level of commercialization in the study area. The study used a cross sectional data collected from 345 randomly selected households from four kebeles through semi-structured household questionnaires. Tobit model was used to analyze determinants of level of market participation of maize producers and ordered logit model was used to assess the factors affecting household maize commercialization.Based on Tobit result family size and distance from nearest market affected market participation of maize producers significantly and negatively, and land allocated for maize, access to improved seed, raw planting, amount of credit received and membership of cooperative affected market participation of maize producers significantly and positively. The result of ordered logit revealed that Marital status, Household size, distance from nearest market and age of household head significantly and negatively affected level of commercialization. Whereas, Household labor supply, access to improved seed, amount of fertilizer, credit amount, and household head education class positively and significantly affected level of commercialization. Policies that give more emphasis to family planning, improving and strengthening rural infrastructure, strengthening institutional arrangement like cooperatives have paramount implications to speed up the move from subsistence and semi commercial towards commercial oriented production.

scholarly journals Analyzing Factors Affecting Farmers' Decisions in Applying Organic Vegetable Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Kris Indra Sanjaya ◽  
Tinjung Mary Prihtanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Research Analysis

Farming with organic systems is one of the important efforts to support sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence farmers to decide to implement organic vegetable farming. This research was conducted in June 2018 until September 2018 in Selongisor Hamlet, Batur Village, Getasan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency. Taking this research was conducted on a non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique with the required criteria, namely respondents who cultivated in multicultural/intercropping. Samples taken were 60 samples consisting of 30 samples for each system both organic and inorganic. The research analysis used logistic regression, where the independent variables analyzed included age, education level, farm area, farm income, cosmopolitan farmers. The results showed the influence of land area, farmer's income and cosmopolitan farmer's decision making in cultivating organic vegetables.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Knowledge and Motivation of Health Cadres on Stunting Prevention in Children in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny Suzana Mediani ◽  
Sri Hendrawati ◽  
Tuti Pahria ◽  
Ati Surya Mediawati ◽  
Mira Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Level ◽  
West Java ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection ◽  
High Level

Stunting in children is a serious problem of nutritional disorders and is strictly monitored by the Indonesian government, it is not only cause physical but also cognitive abnormalities in the form of less intelligence in children so that when they grow up, their productivity will decrease. The incidence of stunting in 2018 in Indonesia was 30.8 %, while in West Java was 29.92%, still at a moderate to high level, consequently, prevention and early detection efforts need to be carried out by various parties, including health professionals and health cadres. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between the socio demographic characteristics factors as well as the knowledge and motivation of health cadres in the stunting prevention in West Java. A correlational study with a cross-sectional approach was employed with the samples of health cadres from 8 districts/cities in West Java Province: Karawang, Tasikmalaya, Garut, Bandung, Subang, Sukabumi, Cianjur, and West Bandung. A total of 363 health cadres participated and the sampling technique used is the stratified method. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed specifically for this study and were analyzed using a correlation with Chi-Square test and presented in the form of a frequency distribution. The study findings found that majority of the health cadres have good knowledge of 81.27%, which was significantly influenced by education level and marital status with p <0.05. Meanwhile, approximately half of the respondents had moderate motivation with 47.66%, while one-third or 39.12% had high motivation. This motivation was significantly influenced by education level, marital status, and age with p <0.05. It was concluded that health cadres need to further enhance the roles and functions in the prevention and early detection of stunting in West Java by providing continuous guidance, stunting training prevention and award presentations.

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Teff Farmers’ Market Participation; A Case Study In Gena-Bossa District, Dawro Zone, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deresse Dalango ◽  
Wondaferhu Mulugeta ◽  
Tesfaye Melaku
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Output Market

Increasing market participation among smallholder farmers have a big potential to uplift living standards of poor through increasing production and consumption pattern. Although, smallholder farming made 95% of total crop production in Ethiopia, they are exposed to a marketing bottleneck that hinders benefits from their produce. The objective of this study was analyzing factors determining smallholder Teff farmer decision to participate in output market and level of marketed output.The study used data from 190 respondents from four selected Teff dominant kebeles of Gena-Bossa districts in Dawro Zone, through structured questioner. This investigation was imperative because no adequate research has been done in study area in examining the hindering factors of farmers’ market participation. Moreover, in the prior study, different authors come up with varied outcomes in diverse country and geographic location concerning poor farmers’ market participation decision. The descriptive statistics and Heckman two stage econometric methods were employed to analyze data collected from sampled household. The significance of coefficient of inverse Mill’s ratio ( ) indicates the presence of self-selection bias and the effectiveness of applying Heckman two stage model. The results of study show that the smallholder decision to participate in output market were positively influenced by size of land holding, availability of family labor force, education status of household head, accessibility of credit service and access to market price information. On the other hand, size of family member, sex of house hold head being female and distance to market place discourage probability of Teff farmer market participation decision. Moreover, the second stage estimation reveals that, the education status of house hold head, size of farm land, amount of Teff crop produced, accessibility of market information, the size of family labor force and being member to farm cooperative increase the quantity of marketable output, whereas, large number of family size decline the level of Teff crops marketed. The policy that assist poor farmers in obtaining market skills; create affordable credit service; strengthen community based producer groups and capacitating the females socially and economically in the community believed to minimize the problems encountering small farmers in a way to market their crop

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers Participation in Collective Marketing and the Extent of Participation in Improved Indigenous Chicken Markets in Baringo, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kiprop ◽  
Cedric Okinda ◽  
Samuel Wamuyu ◽  
Xianhui Geng
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Market Opportunities

Smallholder farmer collective action not only provides a solution to farmer’s constraints such as lack of market accessibility and inability to take advantage of available market opportunities but also holds the potential to diversify their incomes and increase agricultural productivity translating to enhanced food security and poverty eradication. This research aimed at investigating the role of farmer marketing groups in smallholder market participation using a sample of 198 farmers, sampled from a population of 395 smallholder improved indigenous chicken farmers in Baringo, Kenya, using Probit and Tobit models. The study findings established that farmers' involvement in collective action is predominantly determined by; Education level, household size, distance to extension, cost of transport, and the price per chicken. The extent of participation in improved indigenous chicken markets was positively related to; education level of the household head and farm size while negatively and significantly influenced by off-farm income and the cost of farming. The results of this study provide evidence that farmer collective action has the potential of strengthening market participation among smallholder farmers.

Farmer innovations in financing smallholder maize production in Northern Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Appiah-Twumasi ◽  
Samuel A. Donkoh ◽  
Isaac Gershon Kodwo Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Investment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore smallholder agricultural financing in Ghana’s Northern region by identifying farmers’ preferred traditional and innovative financing methods and estimating the determinants of use of innovative financing methods. Design/methodology/approach This paper presented a list of documented traditional financing methods to farmers during in-depth interviews and employed descriptive statistics to summarize choice and amounts sourced from traditional methods. Two questions from the survey revealed a felt need for extra financing sources for credit-rationed farmers. Farmers with positive responses to either or both questions were classified as “users of innovative financing”. The authors then used a probit model to examine factors that influence decisions to use innovative financing method. Findings Farmers’ own savings, reinvesting past season’s profits and financing maize production with income from other commercial crops were the most popular traditional methods. The authors found complementary relations between formal and informal lending systems in the rural financial market. Smallholders also took farm and non-farm “by-day” jobs to raise income for farm investment and/or joined Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs) specifically to take advantage of possible credit opportunities. These two latter methods were operationalized in this study as innovative agricultural financing. The results show that access to credit, social capital and market participation increased the likelihood of using innovative financing methods. Alternatively, farmer group membership, diversity in crop production and being a household head diminished the likelihood of innovative financing use. Practical implications The activities of VSLAs can be regulated and expanded to spread its benefits to more farmers. Also, creating avenues for dry season labour market participation in the region could enable farmers raise capital for farm investment. Originality/value This study explores existing practices and farmer innovations to agricultural financing and, by so doing, deviates from the vast literature focussing mainly on microcredit provisioning as the main model of smallholder agricultural financing in Africa.

Do farmer and credit specific characteristics matter in microfinance programmes’ participation? Evidence from smallholder farmers in Ada west and east districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tetteh Jumpah ◽  
Yaw Osei-Asare ◽  
Emmanuel Kodjo Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose Users of smallholder farmer microfinance are able to make enough returns to repay credits advanced to them. However, they are in dire need of financial capital such that they are inconsiderate of farmer- and credit-specific characteristics when participating in a microfinance programme. This study analyses perceptions of stakeholders regarding select farmer and credit characteristics within the microfinance industry. The study identifies and analyses the factors that influence participation in a microfinance programme by farmers using the logistic regression model. The purpose of this paper is to widen the knowledge base of rural agricultural finance, including factors that influence participation in microfinance intervention(s) thereof. Design/methodology/approach A total of 104 participants and 120 non-participant farmers in microfinance programmes were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire by applying the multistage sampling technique. The paper applied the logistic regression model in which farmer- and credit-specific characteristics were used to estimate the probabilities of participation. Findings The logistic regression results showed that distance, interest rate, experience, membership of farmer-based organisation, number of dependants, household, gender and age were statistically significant farmer- and credit-specific characteristics that influence participation in microfinance programmes. Interest rate and distance exact negative significance influence on participation, whereas membership of farmer-based organisations, experience, gender, household head and age influence participation positively. Reduction in the interest rate and expansion of microfinance to very remote areas rather than locations in urban areas are crucial in terms of improving participation. Research limitations/implications The paper used data from only farmers so there is a limit to which the results can be generalised for all microfinance users. It may be relevant to undertake a study that considers non-farm enterprises. Practical implications This paper brings to light the need to develop well-structured microfinance facilities that meet the specific needs of the rural poor in transitioning economies while taking into consideration critical factors affecting participation before the establishment of such programmes. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence to show that farmer- and credit-specific characteristics are essential to ensure participation and success of microfinance programmes thereof.

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