scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves and Bark of Ardisia Colorata

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Easin Syed ◽  
Benyamin Mashroor ◽  
Fouad Md Delwar Hossain ◽  
Natik Bi-Illah ◽  
Rajib Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Vibrio Parahemolyticus ◽  
Different Strains

The Ardisia colorata is one of the rare hill-tract plants in Bangladesh. The experimental research was intended to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanolic extract of leaves and bark of Ardisia colorata. Preliminary phytochemical screening of both the leaf and bark extract revealed the presence of various classes of compounds such as saponins, reducing sugars, tannins, and terpenoids with minor presence of alkaloid and flavonoid. When antimicrobial study was carried out against 10 different strains of microorganisms by detecting the zone of inhibition with disc diffusion technique, the two extracts showed very strong effect especially against Vibrio parahemolyticus and Bacillus subtilis with trace activity against Salmonella typhi. When further quantitative estimation was carried out using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) with alternate methodology involving incorporation of phenol red indicator, their corresponding MIC numerical values were deduced at 3mg/ml respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17115 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 158-164

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd. and Asparagus Curillus Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Rose Shrestha ◽  
Astha Shakya ◽  
Krishna Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Different Strains

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal and India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Asparagus curillus Buch-Ham.ex Roxb. is also one of the species found in higher altitude of Nepal. Its roots are used as substitute for A. racemosus. Phytochemical investigation was done for these two species of Nepalese Asparagus as per Methodology for Analysis of Vegetable Drugs by I. Ciulei.1982. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, catecholic tannin, reducing compound in alcoholic extract of A. racemosus while its aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid, reducing compound, polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin, catecholic tannin, etc. Similarly, alcoholic extract of A. curillus revealed catecholic tannin, reducing compound and aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin as main phytochemical compounds. Comparative antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of these two species has been evaluated using Kirby-Bauer Agar well diffusion method. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity on nine different strains of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalies, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them A. racemosus has shown selected antimicrobial effects against B. subtilis, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans with zone of inhibition of 25 mm in an average. While A. curillus showed effects on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans only with zone of inhibition about12 mm.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 91-102 

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy, Secondary Metabolite Constituents, Ligand Docking of Enantia chlorantha on Selected Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Thonda Oluwakemi Abike ◽  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽  
Aladejana Oluwatoyin Modupe ◽  
Ajadi Fatima Adenike ◽  
Akinyemi R. Atinuke
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy of Enantia chlorantha on multidrug resistance microorganisms.And also to study the interaction of plant secondary metabolite (phytochemicals) from Enantia chlorantha with three proteins. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. chlorantha (leaf and stem bark) against selected microorganisms was done using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined using standard methods. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha were also determined. The molecular docking was determined using in-silico techniques and was elucidated. Protein generation, Ligand generation and Ligand Docking using GLIDE were determined. Standard precision (SP) flexible ligand docking was carried out in Glide of Schrödinger-Maestro 11.1 and the extra-precision (XP) mode. The crude extracts tested showed antimicrobial activities against all the test bacterial and fungal isolates for the stem bark extract while the leaf extract showed antimicrobial activities against some of the isolates with little differences. The zones of inhibition ranges between 9mm-24mm at 100mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 10mm-13mm at 12.5mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at which the isolates were sensitive to the various extracts differed and the MIC values ranged from 12.5mg/ml to 100mg/ml while the MBC for the organisms ranged from 25mg/ml to 100mg/ml.The qualitative phytochemical screening of Enantia chlorantha leaf and stem bark revealed the presence of medicinally active constituent such as cardiac glycoside, steroids, anthraquinone,tannin, saponin, phenol, and reducing sugar. The quantitative phytochemical screening of E. chlorantha stem bark and leaf using different solvents, showed the presence of different phytoconstituents in different quantities. Molecular docking results revealed some components of the plant to be more active compared to levofloxacin by inhibiting topoisomerase IV. Jartrorrhizine-1 and canadine-1 present in Enantia chlorantha have docking scores of -2.267 and -1.625 respectively which are greater than that of levofloxacin (-1.557) against Salmonella typhi. For Staphylococcus aureus, Argentine.sdf (-7.373) and Jartrorrhizine.sdf (-4.225) have high docking scores compared to Levofloxacin.sdf (-3.436) as well as Candida albican.The promising evidence for the antimicrobial effects of E. chlorantha against bacterial and fungal isolates in this study especially the stem bark extract showed that Enantia chlorantha is more effective at treating diseases caused by Salmonella typhi and other organisms and therefore can be used as an alternative source of therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of the stem bark of Allanblackia parviflora Chev. (Clusiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adu Joseph Kwasi ◽  
◽  
Amoah Eunice ◽  
Ayensu Isaac ◽  
Osei-Djarbeng Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Allanblackia Parviflora

This study has successfully explored the photochemistry and antimicrobial properties of the methanolic, aqueous and pet ether stem bark extracts of Allanblackia parviflora (Chevalier) (Clusiaceae). The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tanins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, saponins and phytosterols in the various plant samples and the absence of cyanogenic glycosides in all the samples screened. The antimicrobial assay employed Agar-well diffusion for the preliminary screening and Micro broth dilution method for the MIC determination. Ten (10) microbial strains including one fungus (Candida albicans), five gram-negative (Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli ATCC 2592, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4853) and four gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus paratypi A and Bacillus subtilis NCTC 10073) were employed in the assay using Ciprofloxacin as the reference drug. The methanolic extract exhibited the highest activity against E. faecalis with zone of inhibition 20 mm and MIC of 2.5 mg/ml. Pet ether extract on the other hand was inactive against test microbes. The results from the study therefore suggest that the stem bark of Allanblackia parviflora possess some phytochemicals that acts synergistically to provide the observed antimicrobial properties as claimed by traditional medicine.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Medicinal Plants Used In Ebiraland

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Alli ◽  
JO Ehinmidu ◽  
YKE Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Dried leaves of Abrus precatorius, Desmodium ramosissimum, Scoparia dulcis and aerial parts of Phyllanthus amarus used in folkloric medicine of Ebiraland were extracted with hexane, methanol and water sequentially using soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using the agar-cup diffusion protocol. All the extracts except the hexane extract of Abrus precatorius were active against at least two of the test microorganisms at the highest concentration of 100 mg/ml used in this study. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus were active against all the test microorganisms. The methanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus also showed a broad spectrum of activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of 1.56 mg/ml against all the test microorganisms. The extracts were also screened for secondary metabolites and the result indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The results of this investigation, appears to justify the ethnomedicinal uses of these plants for the traditional treatment of infectious diseases. However, further investigation is required to obtain more information on their antimicrobial potentials and also to isolate their bioactive compounds. Keywords: Medicinal plants, antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, phytochemical screening.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Kitolod (Hippobromalongiflora) Leaf Against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simanjuntak Helen Anjelina
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine at what concentration of ethanol extract of kitolod leaves is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Kitolod leaves was tested for phytochemical screening by using standard protocol. Antibacterial testing was using the diffusion disc method to measure the inhibition zone against the Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi with various concentration of Kitolod leaves extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). Results: Phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of Kitolod leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. The antibacterial inhibition of ethanol extract of kitolod leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria at a concentration of 75% had a diameter of 11.3 mm and 12.16 mm with a strong category. Conclusions: Kitolod leaf could be use as a novel antibacterial agent.    

scholarly journals Lantana camara: Phyto-constituents and Antimicrobial Activity Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Oladoye
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Development Of Resistance

Background: The development of resistance by pathogenic organisms has caused renewed interest in medicinal plants as alternative antimicrobial agents in treating diseases and infections. Lantana camara is an evergreen shrub commonly found in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, different parts of the plant have been used traditionally in the treatment of fever, diarrheal, scabies, cold, skin infections etc. This study therefore, seeks to investigate the phytochemical composition and potential of Lantana camara extracts as an alternative antimicrobial agents. Methods: According to standard methods in this study, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Lantana camara leaves extracts was done. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract were evaluated against gram-positive and negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi) and fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspegillus fumigatus, Fusarium poae, and Fusarium solani) using well-diffusion and mycelia inhibition method, respectively. Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids, with tannins (70.454 ± 0.002 mg/g) found to be abundant in ethanolic extract. The extracts displayed moderate to high inhibitory activities on the tested strains with E.coli and A. flavus highly inhibited by the extracts. Conclusion: The present study clearly showed that the crude extracts are rich in diverse phytochemicals and are potential sources of antimicrobial principles that could be used in the management of diseases and infections.

Biological Activities of Extracts from Ageratum fastigiatum: Phytochemical Study and In Silico Target Fishing Approach

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Reis Cerqueira Sudan ◽  
Lucas Campos Pereira ◽  
Andréia Fonseca Silva ◽  
Carolina Paula de Souza Moreira ◽  
Denise de Oliveira Scoaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Preparative Chromatography ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Target Fishing

AbstractIn the present study, the ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Ageratum fastigiatum was evaluated in vitro against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain), promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (PH8 strain), and L. chagasi (BH400 strain). The extract was also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11 775), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10 145), and Candida albicans (ATCC 36 802). The phytochemical screening was performed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The extract was fractionated using flash preparative chromatography. The ethanolic extract showed activity against T. cruzi, L. chagasi, and L. amazonensis and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The phytochemical screening revealed coumarins, terpenes/sterols, and flavonoids in the ethanolic extract. In addition, the coumarin identified as ayapin was isolated from this extract. We also performed in silico prediction of potential biological activities and targets for compounds previously found in A. fastigiatum. Several predictions were confirmed both retrospectively and prospectively by experimental results described here or elsewhere. Some activities described in the in silico target fishing approach were validated by the ethnopharmacological use and known biological properties. Some new activities and/or targets were predicted and could guide future studies. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an interesting source of substances with antiparasitic and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Investigating the Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activities of Shoot and Root of Pycreus smithianus (Ridl.) C. B. Clarke (Family Cyperaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P. A. Adeonipekun ◽  
T. A. Adeniyi ◽  
S. O. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Insight Into

Pycreus smithianus tubers have been reported to have insecticidal properties. To gain further insight into its medicinal values, phytochemical and antimicrobial studies were carried out on its shoot and root. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and saponins in varying quantities as well as absence of steroids and alkaloids. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts (shoot and root) were tested against two fungi—Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans—and two bacteria—Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Antimicrobial activity evaluation was carried out at 50 and 100 mg/mL concentrations by Agar Well Diffusion method. From the antimicrobial evaluation, the root ethanolic extract at 100% concentration was the most effective against S. aureus and C. albicans while the shoot ethanolic extract was effective against S. typhi. No extract was active against A. niger. Ethanolic extracts were more active than the aqueous extracts and showed higher inhibitory activity against the bacteria than the fungi. This is most likely due to the abundance of reducing sugars in the ethanolic extracts. From these findings, ethanolic extracts of the root of P. smithianus exhibited a good potential source of new drug for treating infections caused by these pathogens and particularly drug resistant C. albicans.

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