scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd. and Asparagus Curillus Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Rose Shrestha ◽  
Astha Shakya ◽  
Krishna Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Different Strains

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal and India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Asparagus curillus Buch-Ham.ex Roxb. is also one of the species found in higher altitude of Nepal. Its roots are used as substitute for A. racemosus. Phytochemical investigation was done for these two species of Nepalese Asparagus as per Methodology for Analysis of Vegetable Drugs by I. Ciulei.1982. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, catecholic tannin, reducing compound in alcoholic extract of A. racemosus while its aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid, reducing compound, polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin, catecholic tannin, etc. Similarly, alcoholic extract of A. curillus revealed catecholic tannin, reducing compound and aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin as main phytochemical compounds. Comparative antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of these two species has been evaluated using Kirby-Bauer Agar well diffusion method. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity on nine different strains of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalies, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them A. racemosus has shown selected antimicrobial effects against B. subtilis, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans with zone of inhibition of 25 mm in an average. While A. curillus showed effects on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans only with zone of inhibition about12 mm.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 91-102 

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacteria/ Antifungi Activities of Root and Shoot Extracts of Euphorbia hirta (Asthma Weed)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. A. Adjeroh ◽  
M. O. Nwachukwu ◽  
P. N. Abara ◽  
J. C. Nnokwe ◽  
J. N. Azorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

Medicinal plants, also called herbal medicine, have been used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. The phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts of Euphorbia hirta plant commonly known as asthma weed was evaluated using soxhlet and aqueous extract as a solvent to determine the active components. Maceration method was used in extracting the active properties/component. Phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts revealed presences of saponins, anthranoid anthroqunione, phenol, alkaloid, tannins, phylobatannins and cardiac glycoside. Antibacterial screening of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes, using disk diffusion method, showed that in both the aqueous root and shoot extract Streptococcus pyogenes has the highest zone of inhibition of 120 mg with 12mm while least is Escherichia coli that had no inhibition at all. The aqueous extract the root and shoot were more active than the soxhlet solution. Using the aqueous shoot extracts, Streptococcus at 120 mg with 12mm zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus at 90 mg with 9mm. While in the aqueous root extract, Staphylococcus aureus at 100 mg with 10mm, Streptococcus pyogenes at 90 mg with 9m and Salmonella typhi at 80mm with 8mm. Antifungal screening with clinical isolate of candida albicans had highest zone of inhibition 130 mg with 13mm at root aqueous extract while penicillium spp, Aspergillus, spp and Microsporium spp showed no zones of inhibition at both root and shoot extracts. The results obtained suggested that Euphorbia hirta plant can be used in the treatment of ailments caused by the test microorganisms, with particular attention being paid to its aqueous extract.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CLITORIA TERNATEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Prathibha Md’almeida ◽  
Kiranmai S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

  Objective: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Extracts of plants and herbs such as Clitorea ternatea are used as diuretic. This work attempts to find out antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of C. ternatea roots against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans.Methods: The agar well-diffusion method was done using Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The microorganism grown in peptone water was inoculated into culture medium. 4 mm diameter well punched into the agar was filled with 20 μl of aqueous and alcoholic root extracts C. ternatea extracts in various concentrations (100-25 μg/ml). The plates were incubated and antimicrobial activity was evaluated.Results: Aqueous root extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition against E. coli (ATCC 25922) 18 mm, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 14 mm, multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 15 mm. Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition of 35 mm against E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 22 mm, and multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 28 mm. C. albicanswas resistant to both extract of C. ternatea root. Conclusions: Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea is a better antibacterial agent against multidrug resistant Klebsiella species and other Gram-negative pathogens. Further, studies are required to identify active substances from the alcoholic extracts of C. ternatea for treating infections.

scholarly journals Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
M. Binigha ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
J. Selavaraj ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Activity of the Flowers ofRhododendron arboreum(Ericaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Sonar ◽  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
Shagufta Khan ◽  
Shailendra K. Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Bioactive Agents

The flowers ofRhododendron arboreumhave been reported to possess certain polyphenolic compounds. Thus, this study was aimed at the anti-microbial and phytochemical screening of the flowers. Important bioactive agents like steroids, saponins and flavonoids were detected in the flowers. Quercetin (a flavonoid) was isolated from the diethyl ether fraction of alcoholic extract by solvent-solvent extraction method. Isolated quercetin was identified and characterized by chemical tests, M.P., TLC, paper chromatography (with authentic marker) and spectroscopic methods like UV-Visible, FT-IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and Mass spectroscopy. The anti-microbial activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extract and isolated quercetin were investigated against five bacterial and two fungal strains by agar well-diffusion method. The activity was found to be concentration dependent. Ethanolic extract was found to be more active in comparison to the aqueous extract. Hence, isolation was done with ethanolic extract. The lowest effective concentration of quercetin was found to be 12.5 mg/ml againstS. aureusandP. aeruginosa. Both extracts and isolated quercetin were found ineffective against fungal strains. Quercetin may be one of the components responsible for the observed anti-microbial activity of the plant.

Anti-diarrheal, Analgesic and Anti-microbial activities of the plant Lalmesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa): A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Raihan Sarkar ◽  
SM Moazzem Hossen ◽  
Md Sariful Islam Howlader ◽  
Md Ashfaqure Rahman ◽  
Avijit Dey
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Writhing Test

The aim of this study was to phytochemically investigate the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. calyces and to evaluate the analgesic, anti-microbial and anti-diarrheal activities of this. The calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were separated from the other plant parts and sun dried and extracted using ethanol and phytochemically and pharmacologically evaluated.Different Phytochemical tests were performed for phytochemical screening and for determining the functional groups. Different methods like Disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activity determination, Castor oil induced diarrhea in mice method for the antidiarrheal study and Acetic acid induced writhing test for analgesic activity were employed. Phytochemical screening of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa ensured the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins in the crude ethanolic extract. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced Writhing method. The extract produced 66.85% (p< 0.001) inhibition of writhing in mice at the dose of 500-mg/kg body weight, which is comparable to diclofenac sodium (78.45% (p<0.001) at the dose of 25mg/kg). The anti-diarrheal activity of the crude extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was evaluated using the model of castor oil induced diarrhea in mice. The crude etanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyces) showed a marked antidiarrhoeal activity at dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight as compared to the standard antidiarrhoeal agent loperamide (dose:50mg/kg-body weight). Hibiscus sabdariffa caused an increase in latent period i.e. delayed the onset of diarrhoeal episode and decreased the frequency of defecation. Anti-microbial activity was tested using a number of micro-organisms. The peripheral analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa against acute inflammatory pain was significantly high as compared to potent inhibitory activity of Diclofenac (25mg/kg). Therefore, it is likely that the ethanolic extract at a dose of 400mg/kg might suppress the formation of these substances or antagonize the action of these substances and thus exerts its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing test. Anti-diarrheal activity was present in the ethanolic extract (500mg/kg) which indicate that the drug in decreased intestinal motility. This plant sample didn’t show any antimicrobial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i3.12978 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(3) 2012

Anti-microbial, antioxidant potential of Cassia fistula and study their phytochemical assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Cassia Fistula

Cassia fistula (C. fistula) is a flowering plant and a member of Fabaceae family. This study was designed to examine the antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical activity of ethanolic extract of C. fistula plant. The microbial inhibitory effect of ethanolic extracts of C. fistula was tested against Gram positive isolates such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative isolates such as Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion method and well diffusion method. The 25 mg extract of C. fistula leaves (CF-05) showed more zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi, i.e., (21mm) and in 50 mg extract of CF-13 fruit showed best zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi, i.e., 17 mm. Qualitative analysis and antioxidant activity at various concentrations was also measured. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, fats, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and sterols. The antioxidant activity in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity revealed the distinguished antioxidant activity of C. fistula.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Raquib Shahriar ◽  
Nigar Sultana Meghla ◽  
Tasneema Ishika ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea

Antibacterial active compounds isolated from higher plants appear to be one of the most important alternative approaches to contain antibiotic resistance and the management of disease. The present study was aimed at to investigate the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant species including seeds namely Centella asiatica, Oxalis corniculata, Phoenix dactylifera, Clitoria ternatea and Nigella sativa. The methanolic and ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica, Oxalis corniculata, Phoenix dactylifera and Clitoria ternatea was investigated for antimicrobial activity at different concentrations by using disc diffusion method against some bacterial strains with standard antibiotic cephachlore (10 μg). The result demonstrated that all the extracts showed antibacterial activities against the isolates, which were dose dependent. The ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata at a concentration of 50 μl/disc had the highest effect on the test organism B. subtilis, Salmonella typhi and E. coli with 9.3, 9.7 and 10.8 mm diameter of zone of inhibition respectively while at the same concentration the extract of Clitoria ternatea had a higher antimicrobial activity on Bacillus cereus with 11.3 mm diameter of zone of inhibition. The activities of the plant extracts on the tested pathogens were not as effective as the standard commercial antibacterial disc but was significant. In case of Nigella sativa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to both the ethanolic extract and oils at different concentration. Salmonella typhi shows the same degree of inhibition for ethanolic extract as Bacillus cereus, but greater inhibition for oils. Of all the bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacteria against ethanolic extract and oils, while Bacillus cereus was the most resistant bacteria. Generally, the oils of Nigella sativa sample had higher antibacterial activity against bacteria than ethanolic extract. All the extracts are inhibitory to most common human pathogen S. typhi. The results suggest that the different plant extracts has a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulations.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 405-411

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves and Bark of Ardisia Colorata

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Easin Syed ◽  
Benyamin Mashroor ◽  
Fouad Md Delwar Hossain ◽  
Natik Bi-Illah ◽  
Rajib Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Vibrio Parahemolyticus ◽  
Different Strains

The Ardisia colorata is one of the rare hill-tract plants in Bangladesh. The experimental research was intended to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanolic extract of leaves and bark of Ardisia colorata. Preliminary phytochemical screening of both the leaf and bark extract revealed the presence of various classes of compounds such as saponins, reducing sugars, tannins, and terpenoids with minor presence of alkaloid and flavonoid. When antimicrobial study was carried out against 10 different strains of microorganisms by detecting the zone of inhibition with disc diffusion technique, the two extracts showed very strong effect especially against Vibrio parahemolyticus and Bacillus subtilis with trace activity against Salmonella typhi. When further quantitative estimation was carried out using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) with alternate methodology involving incorporation of phenol red indicator, their corresponding MIC numerical values were deduced at 3mg/ml respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17115 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 158-164

scholarly journals Richardia brasiliensis Collected in Southern-Benin: Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Kamirou Chabi-Sika ◽  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Bawa Boya ◽  
Farid Bade ◽  
Tryphose Hounnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Southern Benin

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the R. brasiliensis aerial part extracts collected in southern-Benin. Methodology: The phytochemical screening was performed by a differential precipitation staining method. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were made using conventional method with water and ethanol as solvent. The obtained extracts were used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin infections and ten reference strains by the solid-medium diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by the liquid macro-dilution method. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts was evaluated on Artemia salina larvae obtained by hatching. Results: The phytochemical screening showed a strong presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids and a medium presence of alkaloids, anthocyanins and mucilage’s. The extraction yields vary according to the solvent: water (15.5%) and ethanol (10.30%). The two extracts variously (p<0.001) inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin infections and four reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Proteus mirabilis A24974, Escherichia coli ATCC25922). However, there is no difference (p > 0.05) in inhibition of strains growth between 24h and 48h. The largest diameter (21±0.75 mm) of inhibition with the reference strains was obtained with P. aeruginosa by action of the aqueous extract. Regarding Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin infections, the largest diameter of inhibition is about 19.25±2.75 mm obtained with strains isolated from ulcers. The average mics of 2.81 mg/ml and 2.08 mg/ml were obtained respectively for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts in the presence of the reference strains. The LC50 determination obtained using the regression line is 0.36 mg/ml for the aqueous extract and 1.16 mg/ml for the ethanolic extract. Conclusion: The aqueous extract is more effective because of its action spectrum. This extract can be used for the development of a soap or ointment to fight against skin infections.

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