A Chronopharmacological Study Related to Doxorubicin Based Bone Marrow Suppression

Myelosuppression is the most common toxicity of anti-neoplastic therapy due to inhibition of cell replication in bone marrow. This can be minimized by administering drugs on the basis of circadian time basis. Hence the aim is to study circadian time cycle related bone marrow suppression variation resulting from doxorubicin based cancer chemo therapy regimen. A prospective observational clinical study based on circadian time Cycle was done for a period of six months at a tertiary care hospital. Standard doxorubicin Regimen was given in the dose of 60 mg/m as iv infusion. Each cycle is repeated every 21 Days. Complete hemogram was done on day 0 and day 10 of both day and night cycle. Results were analyzed using students paired t test. It was found that during Night cycle therapy bone marrow suppression was minimal and statistically significant (p<0.001). Chronotherapy is useful in minimizing bone marrow toxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i5.17627 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Volume 2(5) Dec 2013: 197-201

Galactosylated Albumin Nanoparticles Bearing Cimetidine

The galacotsylated albumin nanoparticles were prepared for the selective delivery of Cimetidine to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) which is particularly presents on mammalian hepatocytes. The albumin nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using desolvation method and efficiently conjugated with galactose. Various parameters such as particle size, % entrapment efficiency and drug loading efficiency, percentage yield, in vitro drug release, were determined. The size of nanoparticles (both plain and galactose coated) was found to be in range of 200-250 nm, and maximum drug payload was found to be 19.08% ± 1.10 .The maximum drug content was found to be 30.80% ± 0.3 and 27.09% ± 0.5 respectively in plain and galactose coated nanoparticles while the maximum entrapment efficiency was found to be 90.68% ± 0.5 and 91.75% ± 0.59 in plain and coated nanoparticles. It was also found that coating of nanoparticles increases the size of nanoparticles. From the in-vitro studies, it was concluded that increase in polymer concentration, decreases the drug releases from the nanoparticles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i5.17628 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Volume 2(5) Dec 2013: 202-229

Nanosuspension: A Novel Drug Delivery System

Low bioavailability is the major problem associated with poorly soluble drugs. The problem is more complex for drugs which are poorly soluble in both aqueous and nonaqueous media, as solubility is an essential factor for drug absorption, independent of the route of administration. Nanosuspensions have emerged as an attractive and promising approach to improve stability and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. These are very finely colloid, biphasic, dispersed, solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicle, size below 1?m, without any matrix material, stabilized by surfactants and polymers. Techniques such as wet milling, high-pressure homogenization, emulsification-solvent evaporation and supercritical fluid have been used in the preparation of nanosuspension. Nanosuspension can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17117 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 179-196

Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves and Bark of Ardisia Colorata

The Ardisia colorata is one of the rare hill-tract plants in Bangladesh. The experimental research was intended to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanolic extract of leaves and bark of Ardisia colorata. Preliminary phytochemical screening of both the leaf and bark extract revealed the presence of various classes of compounds such as saponins, reducing sugars, tannins, and terpenoids with minor presence of alkaloid and flavonoid. When antimicrobial study was carried out against 10 different strains of microorganisms by detecting the zone of inhibition with disc diffusion technique, the two extracts showed very strong effect especially against Vibrio parahemolyticus and Bacillus subtilis with trace activity against Salmonella typhi. When further quantitative estimation was carried out using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) with alternate methodology involving incorporation of phenol red indicator, their corresponding MIC numerical values were deduced at 3mg/ml respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17115 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 158-164

Natural Polymers in ihe Development of Floating Drug Delivery Systems: A Review

The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention . This can be achieved by use of various polymeric substances including natural polymers. These polymers are inexpensive, safe and available in a variety of structures with versatile characteristics. Large number of derivatizable groups, wide range of molecular weights, varying chemical composition gel forming nature of these polymers also provide an exciting opportunities in the fascinating arena of applied polymer science and drug delivery technology. All these characteristics make them suitable candidate for design and fabrication of novel gastroretentive drug delivery systems. Various natural polymers have been investigated worldwide by scientific community for their potential as floating drug delivery systems. The present article highlights various recent efforts and advanced approaches exploiting several natural polymers in this technology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17116 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 165-178

Formulation and Evaluation of Stavudine Loaded Polymethacrylic Acid Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles represent a promising drug delivery system of controlled and targeted drug release. They are specially designed to release the drug in the vicinity of target tissue. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate polymethacrylic acid nanoparticles containing stavudine in different drug to polymer ratio by nanoprecipitation method to be 121 + 8 to 403 + 4 nm. The particle size of the nanoparticles was gradually increased with increase in the proportion of polymethacrylic acid polymer. The drug content of the nanoparticles was increasing on increasing polymer concentration up to a particular concentration. No appreciable difference was observed in the extent of degradation of product during 60 days in which, nanoparticles were stored at various temperatures. FT-IR studies indicated that there was no chemical interaction between drug and polymer and stability of drug. The in-vitro release behavior from all the drug loaded batches was found to be zero order and provided sustained release over a period of 24 h. The developed formulation overcome and alleviates the drawbacks and limitations of stavudine sustained release formulations and could possibility be advantageous in terms of increased bioavailability of stavudine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 133-140

Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol and Indapamide SR Matrix Tablet for Treatment of Hypertension

In the present study we have formulated (f1 to f6) matrix tablets of Atenolol and Indapamide for the management of hypertension. As in simultaneous estimation of these drugs it was found that a confined release can be formulated. In the formulation of SR matrix tablet by using different concentration of delayed release agent DCP and pregelatinised starch as disintegrant we prepared tablets by wet granulation method. For sustained release action HPMC polymers were used for film coating. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed SR matrix tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and invitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 (paddle). It was found that the optimized formulation showed 49.33%, 48.90%, 48.52%, 47.65%, 46.84% and 46.51% release for Atenolol in 12 hours respectively. However, Indapamide released 49.62%, 49.39%, 48.72%, 48.27%, 47.59% and 47.36% at the end of 12hrs. The IR spectrum study revealed that there is no disturbance in the principal peaks of pure drugs Atenolol and Indapamide. This confirms the integrity of pure drugs and no incompatibility of them with excipients. The stability studies were carried out for the optimized batch for one months and it showed satisfactory results. The kinetic studies of the formulations revealed that diffusion is the predominant mechanism of drug and release follows Zero order, Super case II transport. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17114 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 141-157

A Review on Indian Sago Starch And Its Pharmacuetical Applications

Indian sago starch extracted from Tapioca roots finds its application not only as a food but also numerous commercial applications. In the present review we are discussing concisely the extraction, physiochemical properties, chemical modifications and pharmaceutical applications of Indian sago starch. The sago starch is a cheap, easily available, biodegradable and a versatile polymer. Starch has always been an important excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. It is conventionally used as a binder, disintegrant, diluent, granulating agent. It is also a starting material for many other chemicals like ethanol, glucose and cyclodextrin. Several modifications were attempted on native starch to improve and modulate its physiochemical properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15456 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(3) 2013: 99-106

Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin In Combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Form By RP-HPLC Method

A simple, rapid reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out by using Chromosil C-18,column having 250 x 4.6mm internal diameter with a mixture of Methanol:Acetonitrile:0.1%Orthophosphoric Aid in the ratio of 75:20:05 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. Determination of the different analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was done. The calibration curve was found to be linear for each analyte in the desired concentration range. The average recovery was found to be 99.88 and 100.12 for Ezetimibe and Simvastatin respectively. The proposed method is highly sensitive, precise and accurate, which was evident from the LOD value of 1.2ppm and 0.25ppm for Ezetimibe and Simvastatin respectively and hence the present method can be applied successfully for the quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content in the combined formulations of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i2.15450 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(2) 2013: 60-69

A Validated Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Vildagliptin from Tablet Dosage Form

A simple, rapid, precise and cost effective method has been developed and validated for determination of Vildagliptin in pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out with Shimpack VP-ODS, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5?m analytical column and mobile phase containing 0.02M phosphate buffer (pH 4.6) and acetonitrile at the ratio (80:20% v/v). pH of the buffer solution was adjusted with orthophosphoric acid. The instrumental settings include flow rate 0.7 ml/min, column temperature at 25ºC and detector wavelength of 210nm using a photodiode array detector. Theoretical plate for Vildagliptin was 6219 and tailing factor was 1.38. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15455 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(3) 2013: 90-98