scholarly journals Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Hossain ◽  
A Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
High Degree

Chitosan has been produced from shrimp waste by chemical method involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The quality of chitosan depends on the conditions of the chemical extraction process. The results showed that 3% HCI and 4% NaOH were suitable concentration for demineralization and deproteinization, respectively at ambient temperature (28±2oC). Chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation (81.24%) and high solubility (97.65%) was obtained by deacetylation with 60% NaOH for 24 hours at 60°C. Purified chitosan was characterized for intrinsic viscosity (13.2dl/g), molecular weight (1.05×106 Dalton), FBC (427.98%), WBC (537.29%) as well as yield (15.4%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21405 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 153-160, June 2014

scholarly journals Enzymatic Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Cocoa Pod Husks (Theobroma cacao L.) Using Celluclast® 1.5 L

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Licelander Hennessey-Ramos ◽  
Walter Murillo-Arango ◽  
Juliana Vasco-Correa ◽  
Isabel Cristina Paz Astudillo
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Enzymatic Extraction ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Enzyme Dosage ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husks

Cocoa pod husks are a waste generated during the processing of cocoa beans. We aimed to explore the enzymatic extraction of pectin using cellulases. The extraction process was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters optimized were feedstock concentration (%), enzyme dosage (µL/g), and time (h). Three dependent variables were studied: pectin yield (g/100 g dry husk) (R2 = 97.02), galacturonic acid content (g/100 g pectin) (R2 = 96.90), and galacturonic acid yield (g/100 g feedstock) (R2 = 95.35). The optimal parameters were 6.0% feedstock concentration, 40 µL g−1 of enzyme, and 18.54 h, conditions that produced experimentally a pectin yield of 10.20 g/100 g feedstock, 52.06 g galacturonic acid/100 g pectin, and a yield 5.31 g galacturonic acid/100 g feedstock. Using the chemical extraction method, a yield of 8.08 g pectin/100 g feedstock and a galacturonic acid content of 60.97 g/100 g pectin were obtained. Using assisted sonication, a pectin yield of 8.28 g/100 g feedstock and a galacturonic acid content of 42.77 g/100 g pectin were obtained. Enzymatically optimized pectin has rheological and physicochemical features typical of this biomaterial, which provides an interesting alternative for the valorization of cocoa husks.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CARRAGEENAN Kappaphycus alvarezii FROM COAST OF KUTAI TIMUR DISTRICT

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Noor Asikin ◽  
Indrati Kusumaningrum ◽  
Doddy Sutono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Carrageenan Quality

Carrageenan is a gelling form of polysaccharide obtained from extraction process of red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) including Kappaphycus alvarezii. Carrageenan is widely used for pharmacy, cosmetics,  food,  gelling,  and  binding  agent  as  well  as  emulsifier  and  stabi-lizer. The quality of carrageenan is affected by several factors, one of them such as concen-tration of KOH. The objectives of this research were to define the best concentration of KOH for extraction and characterize the functional properties. Functional properties of carrageen-an in this research were sulphate content, acid insoluble ash, gell strength, fiber, and whiteness. The experimental design used for this research was completely ran-domized design with four treatments of KOH concentrations i.e. 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%.  The study showed that the use of KOH concentarion of 7% resulted the best of carrageenan quality containing 24.36% sulphate, 1.96% acid insoluble ash, 17.80 g/cm2 gell strength, 8.94% fiber and 58.91% whiteness. Keywords: carrageenan, extraction, functional properties, Kalium Hydroxide, Kappaphycus alvarezii

Review on Extraction and Characterization of Castor Seed Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fitri Jamil ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Norridah Osman ◽  
Katsuki Kusakabe ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Extraction

Extraction of castor oil is important in determination of the quality of castor oil extracted. The quality of castor oil being extracted has to meet the ASTM standard that has been produced. The way of extraction can be either mechanical extraction or chemical extraction that is practically used in the industry which give the highest yield of oil extracted. Castor oil is mainly composed of ricinoleic acid in high concentration. It is a unique vegetable oil that contains high content of fatty hydroxyacid.

scholarly journals Material Characterization of Test Contact Pin

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Praveen kumar Ramamoorthy ◽  
Florian Fischer ◽  
Han Guan ◽  
Murad Hudda
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Material Migration ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Test Process

Test Contact Pin is used for testing the functionality and quality of the micro-devices at extreme temperatures before shipping to customers. The contact pin transfers current & signal to the device tested through dynamic contacting where the material resistance of the pin and the contact resistance between the pin and the device plays a significant role in influencing the effectiveness of the test process. Available material specifications for these pins in the market are for ambient temperature only. The test contact pin was characterized across temperatures onto matte Sn leadframe for its contact resistance and force with respect to number of touchdowns. Contact resistance and pin force are the key variables used to understand the mechanism of the process which is also used for determining the lifespan of the contact pin. An automated and sophisticated contact tester tool (CTT) was used to characterize the test contact pin on the mattes Tin leadframe across temperatures (-43°C, 25°C and 150°C) and at fixed pin deflection. Based on the results, it was observed that the contact resistance was higher at higher temperatures. Further data analysis revealed that this phenomenon was due to influence of various factors such as temperature, leadframe material type and the material migration of Sn from leadframe to the test contact pin tip.

scholarly journals Characterization of the purified Chlamydomonas minus agglutinin.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Collin-Osdoby ◽  
W S Adair
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Sexual Agglutinins ◽  
Molecular Morphology ◽  
High Degree

Chlamydomonas flagellar sexual agglutinins are responsible for the adhesion of opposite mating-type (plus and minus) gametes during the first stages of mating. Purification and partial characterization of the plus agglutinin was previously reported (Adair, W. S., C. J. Hwang, and U. W. Goodenough, 1983, Cell, 33:183-193). Here we characterize the purified minus molecule. We show it to be a high molecular weight, hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that migrates in the 3% stacking region of an SDS-polyacrylamide gel and is absent from two nonagglutinating minus mutants. Plus and minus agglutinins are remarkably similar, although nonidentical, in amino acid composition, molecular morphology, and reactivity in vivo and in vitro with monoclonal antibodies raised against the plus agglutinin. Moreover, the adhesiveness of both plus and minus agglutinins, when coupled to agarose beads, is abolished by thermolysin, trypsin, periodate, alkaline borohydride, reducing agents, or heat, but unaffected by exo- or endoglycosidases. The minus agglutinin, however, migrates just ahead of the plus molecule on SDS PAGE, is excluded from an anion-exchange (Mono Q) column, elutes earlier during hydrophobic interaction (Bio-gel TSK Phenyl 5PW) chromatography, and is sensitive to chymotrypsin digestion (unlike the plus agglutinin); therefore, it differs from the plus agglutinin in apparent molecular weight, net charge, relative hydrophobicity and proteolytic susceptibility. Nevertheless, our results generally demonstrate a high degree of homology between these complementary cell-cell recognition/adhesion molecules, which suggests that they are specified by genes that have a common evolutionary origin.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CARRAGEENAN Kappaphycus alvarezii FROM COAST OF KUTAI TIMUR DISTRICT

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Noor Asikin ◽  
Indrati Kusumaningrum ◽  
Doddy Sutono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Carrageenan Quality

<p><em>Carrageenan is a gelling form of polysaccharide obtained from extraction process of red seaweeds (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Rhodophyceae</span>) including <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Kappaphycus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">alvarezii</span>. Carrageenan is widely used for pharmacy, cosmetics,  food,  gelling,  and  binding  agent  as  well  as  emulsifier  and  stabi-lizer. The quality of carrageenan is affected by several factors, one of them such as concen-tration of KOH. The objectives of this research were to define the best concentration of KOH for extraction and characterize the functional properties. Functional properties of carrageen-an in this research were sulphate content, acid insoluble ash, gell strength, fiber, and whiteness. The experimental design used for this research was completely ran-domized design with four treatments of KOH concentrations i.e. 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%.  The study showed that the use of KOH concentarion of 7% resulted the best of carrageenan quality containing 24.36% sulphate, 1.96% acid insoluble ash, 17.80 g/cm2 gell strength, 8.94% fiber and 58.91% whiteness.</em></p> <p><strong><em> </em></strong></p> <strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>carrageenan, extraction, functional properties, Kalium Hydroxide, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Kappaphycus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">alvarezii</span></em>

Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Phenylethynyl Imides

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Jensen ◽  
A C Chang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Structural Adhesives ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Ongoing Effort

As an ongoing effort to develop structural adhesives for high-performance aerospace applications, recent work has focused on phenylethynyl terminated imide (PETI) oligomers. The work reported herein involves the synthesis and characterization of a series of phenylethynyl containing oligomers designated LARC™ MPEI (modified phenylethynyl imide). These oligomers presumably contain mixtures of linear, branched and star-shaped molecules. The fully imidized polymers exhibited minimum melt viscosities as low as 600 poise at 335 °C, significantly lower than equivalent molecular weight linear materials. Ti/Ti lap shear specimens processed at 288 °C under 15 psi showed tensile shear strengths as high as ∼6000 psi and ∼5200 psi at ambient temperature and 177 °C respectively. The chemistry and properties of these new MPEIs are presented and compared with an optimized linear PETI, LARC™ PETI-5.

Characterization of RF Sputtered ZnO Piezoelectric Films Using Transmission Electron Microscope

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Kemining W. Yeh ◽  
Richard S. Muller ◽  
Wei-Kuo Wu ◽  
Jack Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Degree

Considerable and continuing interest has been shown in the thin film transducer fabrication for surface acoustic waves (SAW) in the past few years. Due to the high degree of miniaturization, compatibility with silicon integrated circuit technology, simplicity and ease of design, this new technology has played an important role in the design of new devices for communications and signal processing. Among the commonly used piezoelectric thin films, ZnO generally yields superior electromechanical properties and is expected to play a leading role in the development of SAW devices.

Crystallographic Characterization of Dislocation Loops in Irradiated Tungsten

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Polycrystalline Specimen ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Neutron Fluences

Previous work has shown that post-irradiation annealing, at temperatures near 1100°C, produces resolvable dislocation loops in tungsten irradiated to fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluences of about 4 x 1019 n/cm2 or greater. To crystallographically characterize these loops, tilting experiments were carried out in the electron microscope on a polycrystalline specimen which had been irradiated to 1.5 × 1021 n/cm2 at reactor ambient temperature (∼ 70°C), and subseouently annealed for 315 hours at 1100°C. This treatment produced large loops averaging 1000 Å in diameter, as shown in the micrographs of Fig. 1. The orientation of this grain was near (001), and tilting was carried out about axes near [100], [10] and [110].

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