Review on Extraction and Characterization of Castor Seed Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fitri Jamil ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Norridah Osman ◽  
Katsuki Kusakabe ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Extraction

Extraction of castor oil is important in determination of the quality of castor oil extracted. The quality of castor oil being extracted has to meet the ASTM standard that has been produced. The way of extraction can be either mechanical extraction or chemical extraction that is practically used in the industry which give the highest yield of oil extracted. Castor oil is mainly composed of ricinoleic acid in high concentration. It is a unique vegetable oil that contains high content of fatty hydroxyacid.

Review: Selected indicators of the quality of thermal processed milk / Revisión: Indicadores seleccionados para el control de calidad de la leche tratada térmicamente

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. López-Fandiño ◽  
A. Olano
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Lipid Degradation ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
New Compounds

Selected indicators of the quality of processed milk are reviewed in three sections: indices of heat treatment, detection of adulterations and assessment of shelf life. The characterization of the thermal process to which milk was submitted can be achieved by measuring either the formation of new compounds (lactulose, furosine) or the degradation of thermolabile constituents (enzymes, whey proteins). The presence of certain compounds may indicate fraudulent additions committed for eco nomic reasons. Finally, residual or reactivated heat stable enzymes may cause serious storage defects in UHT milk and, therefore, the proteolytic and lipolytic activities and the degree of protein and lipid degradation are useful predictors of the shelf life. Different analytical methods for the determination of the selected quality indicators are also summarized.

Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Abdurrohman ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Protease-Resistant SecA Fragments: SecA Has Two Membrane-Integral Forms

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchuan Chen ◽  
Timothy Brown ◽  
Phang C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Conducting Channel ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Integral Forms ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT We have identified and characterized the protease-resistant SecA fragments (X. Chen, H. Xu, and P. C. Tai, J. Biol. Chem. 271:29698–29706, 1996) through immunodetection with region-specific antibodies, chemical extraction, and sequencing analysis. The 66-, 36-, and 27-kDa proteolytic fragments in the membranes all start at Met1, whereas the 48-kDa fragment starts at Glu361. The overlapping of the sequences of the 66- and 48-kDa fragments indicates that they are derived from different SecA molecules. These two fragments were generated differently in response to ATP hydrolysis and protein translocation. Furthermore, the presence of membrane is required for the generation of the 48-kDa fragment but not for that of the 66-kDa fragment. These data suggest that there are two different integral forms of SecA in the membrane: SecASand SecAM. The combination of these two forms of SecA has several membrane-interacting domains. Both forms of SecA are integrated in the membrane, since both the 48- and 66-kDa fragments could be derived from urea- or Na2CO3-washed membranes. Moreover, all fragments are resistant to extraction with a high concentration of salt or with heparin, but the membrane-specific 48-kDa SecA domain is more sensitive to Na2CO3 or urea extraction. This suggests that this domain may interact with other membrane proteins in an aqueous microenvironment and therefore may form a part of the protein-conducting channel.

Determination of Contaminated Heavy Metals in Lacquer Thinner

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Woravith Chansuvarn ◽  
Kunawoot Jainae
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Clear Solution ◽  
Cu And Zn

The aim of this work needed to discover the problem of lacquer thinner products claimed with dissatisfying the quality of coating and color appearance. The trace metals produced cans was focused on release to solvents. The contaminated trace metals including Fe, Sn, Cu, and Zn in lacquer thinner were also determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The lacquer thinner samples were simply carbonized to be ashes by furnace muffle at 550°C for 8 hours. The carbonized ashes were then also digested by conventional wet digestion with concentrated nitric acid until a clear solution was archived. Twenty samples of lacquer thinner were achieved from the paint manufacturer. The content of Fe, Sn, Cu, and Zn was found in the range of 0.0631-77.190 mg/kg, ND-12.613 mg/kg, ND-1.4679 mg/kg, and ND-0.4028 mg/kg, respectively. The result of high concentration of Fe related to the appearance of lacquer thinner color. The evidence of released heavy metals in the ashes of lacquer thinner samples was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence technique. The result of this work was concluded that the contaminated trace metals in the suspected lacquer thinner samples were leached from the metallic package.

Methods for Source Characterization of Organic Air Pollutants

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
H. J. Th. Bloemen ◽  
J. J. G. Kliest
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Exposure Evaluation

Organic compounds are becoming increasingly more of interest as air pollutants, indoor as well as outdoor. Sources emitting such compounds are numerous and of various origin. For toxicological and epidemiological examination and for deciding on remedial actions information is required on the occurrences of compounds as well as on the emitting sources. For this purpose a number of investigations have been carried out with only limited success. To increase the quality of the description of air pollution related to complaints of dwellers and to exposure evaluation analytical and mathematical methods have tested in our laboratory. Analytical methods for the determination of different groups of organic compounds and mathematical methods for defining minimum sampling strategies and for the characterization of sources are discussed and illustrated with applications dealt with in the passed years. It is concluded that the application of a combination of these methods offers a manner to better describe and understand air pollution with organic compounds.

scholarly journals Grape and Wine Metabolomics to Develop New Insights Using Untargeted and Targeted Approaches

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Pinu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Analytical Instruments

Chemical analysis of grape juice and wine has been performed for over 50 years in a targeted manner to determine a limited number of compounds using Gas Chromatography, Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, it only allowed the determination of metabolites that are present in high concentration, including major sugars, amino acids and some important carboxylic acids. Thus, the roles of many significant but less concentrated metabolites during wine making process are still not known. This is where metabolomics shows its enormous potential, mainly because of its capability in analyzing over 1000 metabolites in a single run due to the recent advancements of high resolution and sensitive analytical instruments. Metabolomics has predominantly been adopted by many wine scientists as a hypothesis-generating tool in an unbiased and non-targeted way to address various issues, including characterization of geographical origin (terroir) and wine yeast metabolic traits, determination of biomarkers for aroma compounds, and the monitoring of growth developments of grape vines and grapes. The aim of this review is to explore the published literature that made use of both targeted and untargeted metabolomics to study grapes and wines and also the fermentation process. In addition, insights are also provided into many other possible avenues where metabolomics shows tremendous potential as a question-driven approach in grape and wine research.

Non-Metal Pollution (Fluoride)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Semi Arid

In this chapter, the authors describe Fluoride contamination spread in the environment. Fluoride in groundwater is a serious problem. Groundwater is the most valuable fresh water used for drinking purposes in different areas. Irrigation is one primordial sector in India where one-third of land surface falls under arid and semi-arid climate, and rainfall is seasonal and erratic. Semi-arid climate prevailing in Tonk district necessitates the characterization of groundwater quality for optimizing its use in irrigation as well as in domestic consumption. The majority of underground water contains a high concentration of salts, and their continuous use adversely affects soil, animal, and plant health, and thereby crop production. The plant-based phytoremediation approach to improve the quality of water and soil has become an area of importance to study regarding Fluoride.

Triglycerides Catalytic Hydroconversion into Bio-Aviation Fuels Based on Temperature by One-Step

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Yong Yan Zhao ◽  
Yu Bao Chen ◽  
Shun Ping Yang ◽  
Wu Di Zhang ◽  
Yan Ni Gao
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
One Step

One-step hydrotreatment of three different vegetable oils have been carried out over Pd loading bi-functional catalyst in batch reactor. Rubber seed oil, Jatropha oil and castor oil have different acid value and constituents, which will influence the hydroprocessing and the quality of products. With temperature rising, several principles have been summarized, and an optimal temperature corresponding to three oils have been determined respectively. At the optimal temperature of Jatropha oil, 300°C, deoxygenation rate was up to 99.29%, C8-16hydrocarbons of products was up to 77.36%; 310°C and 320°C were respectively optimal temperature of rubber seed oil and castor oil, deoxygenation rate were 99.15% and 98.78%, C8-16hydrocarbons were 71.46% and 69.25%. The products quality of Jatropha oil was better than rubber seed oil and castor oil, and rubber seed oil and castor oil can cause the deactivation of catalyst.

Characterization of Medicinal Plants Sorting Process by Planar Sieving through Mechanical Oscillations Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Augustina Pruteanu ◽  
Mihai Matache ◽  
Ladislau David ◽  
Catalin Persu ◽  
M. Duţu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Oscillations ◽  
Separation Degree ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
Working Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Optimum Working

The mechanical sorting process of granular and vegetal materials is a complex technological process influenced by a series of factors from which we remind: mechanical vibratory motion, geometrical measures of the sorting equipment and technological factors. Based on correlations between the presented elements one can establish the technological parameters of the sorting process so that to realize a quality separation.In the paper we present a method for determination of mechanical oscillations influence on the quality of the sorting process with planar sieves. The experiments performed on a dimensional sorter with planar sieves aimed at identification of an optimum working set-up in terms of frequency and amplitude of the sorter’s vibrators, for a quality separation degree.

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