scholarly journals Screening of barley genotypes for drought tolerance based on culm reserves contribution to grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Rasel Rana ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Md Abdul Kader
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Ripe Stage

Grain filling determines the grain weight, a major component of grain yield in cereals. Grain filling in barley depends on current assimilation and culm reserves. A pot experiment was conducted at the Grilled House, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2015–May 2016 to study the grain filling patterns and the contributions of culm reserves to grain yield under drought stress. The experiment consisted of two factors—barley cultivars (six cultivars) and drought stress treatments (control and drought stress). Drought stress was imposed by limiting the irrigation during grain filling period. The tillers were sampled at anthesis, milk-ripe and maturity to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts, viz., leaf lamina, culm with sheath, spikes, and grains; and to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The result in this experiment revealed that the grain yield was reduced by 5–25% due to drought stress. The reduction in grain yield was attributable to reduce number of grains per spike and lighter grain weight due to the stress. Drought stress drastically reduced the grain filling duration by about 30% and the stress induced early leaf senescence. Photosynthesis rate and leaf greenness were also reduced in stress. The stress altered the contribution of culm reserves, water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) in culms to grains. At milk ripe stage, accumulation reached its peak. It accumulated 29.0 to 70.0 mg and from 15.8 to 40.6 mg culm−1 in control and stressed plants, respectively. The residual culm WSCs ranged from 3.5 to 11.2 mg and 1.0 to 3.5 mg culm−1 under control and stress conditions, respectively. The highest contribution of culm WSCs to grain yield was observed in BARI barley2 and the lowest was in BARI barley5 both in control and stress condition. Among the cultivars studied, BARI barley2 produced higher yield with the higher contribution of culm reserves to grain yield under the drought stress.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 62-66, April 2018

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Tolerance Ability of Wheat Genotypes to Drought Stress: Dissection through Culm-Reserves Contribution and Grain Filling Physiology

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Md. Amirul Islam ◽  
Rajib Kumar De ◽  
Md. Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Md. Sabibul Haque ◽  
Md. Nesar Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Ripe Stage

Drought stress is one of the limiting factors for grain filling and yield in wheat. The grain filling and determinants of individual grain weight depend on current assimilation and extent of remobilization of culm reserves to grains. A pot experiment was conducted with eight wheat cultivars at the Pot House to study the grain filling and the contributions of reserves in culm, including the sheath to grain yield under drought stress. Drought stress was enforced by restricting irrigation during the grain-filling period. The plants (tillers) were harvested at anthesis, milk-ripe, and maturity. The changes in dry weights of leaves, culm with sheath, spikes, and grains; and the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield were determined. Results revealed that drought stress considerably decreased the grain filling duration by 15–24% and grain yield by 11–34%. Further, drought-induced early leaf senescence and reduced total dry matter production indicate the minimum contribution of current assimilation to grain yield. The stress reduced the contribution of culm reserves, the water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), to the grains. The accumulation of culm WSCs reached peak at milk ripe stage in control, varied from 28.6 to 84 mg culm−1 and that significantly reduced in the range from 14.9 to 40.6 mg culm−1 in stressed plants. The residual culm WSCs in control and stressed plants varied from 1.23 to 8.12 and 1.00 to 3.40 mg g−1 culm dry mass, respectively. BARI Gom 24 exhibited a higher contribution of culm WSCs to grain yield under drought, while the lowest contribution was found in Kanchan. Considering culm reserves WSCs and their remobilization along with other studied traits, BARI Gom 24 showed greater drought tolerance and revealed potential to grow under water deficit conditions in comparison to other cultivars.

scholarly journals Grain filling patterns of barley as affected by high temperature stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Md Rasel Rana ◽  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Juiceball Hassan ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Md Ashraful Haque
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Grain filling determines the grain weight, a major component of grain yield in cereals. Grain filling in barley depends on current assimilation and culm reserves (mainly water-soluble carbohydrates). Nowadays barley is facing heat stress problem which is mostly responsible to reduce the yield of barley. A field experiment was conducted at the Field Lab, Department of Crop Botany, BangladeshAgriculturalUniversity, Mymensingh during November 2015 to March 2016 to study the grain filling patterns and the contributions of culm reserves to grain yield under heat stress. The experiment consisted of two factors—barley cultivars and heat stress. The heat stress was imposed by late sowing. The tillers were sampled once a week during grain filling period to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts, viz., leaves, culm with sheath, spikes, and grains; and to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The results in the experiment revealed that the grain yield was reduced by 22-28% due to the stress. The grain yield varied from 52 to 150 g m−2 with the mean of 102 g m−2 under control while it varied from 37 to 116 g m−2 with the mean of 75 g m−2 under heat stress. Among the cultivars studied BARI Barley5, BARI Barley2 and BARI Barley1, seemed as high yielders while BARI Barley3, BARI Barley4, BARI Barley6 as the low yielders under heat stress treatment. The reduction in grain yield was attributable mainly to lighter grain weight due to the stress. Heat stress drastically reduced the grain filling duration by 45–50%. However, the stress increased the grain filling rate by 6–53%. The amount of reserves remobilized to grain varied among the cultivars ranging from 4.8 to 12.77 mg spike−1 in control and from 1.73 to 6.25 mg spike−1 in stressed plants. The stressed barley plants exhibited lower accumulation of reserves in culm but they showed almost its complete remobilization to the grain. The contribution of culm reserves to grain yield varied from 1.13 to 19.52%, and 1.09 to 2.11% in control and in stressed plants, respectively. In conclusion, culm reserve is the important attributes in grain yield in Bangladeshi barley cultivars but the contribution remains almost unaffected due the post-anthesis heat stress.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 174-181, December 2017

scholarly journals Differences in grain growth, crop photosynthesis and distribution of assimilates between a semi-dwarf and a standard cultivar of winter wheat.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249
Author(s):  
J.H.J. Spiertz ◽  
H. van de Haar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Photosynthetic Production ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
N Harvest Index ◽  
Standard Cultivar

The crop performance of semi-dwarf wheat cv. (Maris Hobbit) was compared with a standard-ht. cv. (Lely) at various levels of N supply. The grain yields of Maris Hobbit were considerably higher due to a higher number of grains and a heavier grain wt. Owing to the higher grain yield and a lower stem wt. the harvest index of Maris Hobbit was higher than that of Lely (0.47 and 0.40, resp.). The content of water-soluble carbohydrates in the stems of both cv. appeared to be very high until 3 wk after anthesis, despite the occurrence of low light intensities. Lely used more assimilates for structural stem material than did Maris Hobbit. Quantity and date of N application greatly affected grain number, but affected grain wt. to a lesser extent. Thus within each cv. grain number/m2 was the main determinant of grain yield. Late N dressings promoted photosynthetic production, grain wt. and CP content of the grain. The low CP contents of the grain were attributed to the low temp. during the grain-filling period. The distribution of N within the plant was only slightly influenced by N dressings and cv. differences. N harvest index ranged from 0.74 to 0.79. Grain N was derived from the vegetative organs (63-94%) and from uptake after anthesis (6-37%). The importance of carbohydrate and N economy for grain yield are discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Genotypic variation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in grain filling and contribution of culm reserves to yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Md Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Soaliman Ali Fakir ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Maria Akter Sathi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Different Parts

To study the genotypic variation in the rate of grain filling and contribution of culm reserves to yield in wheat, an experiment was conducted consisting 12 popular cultivars of Bangladesh, viz., BARI Gom21 (Shatabdi), BARI Gom22 (Shufi), BARI Gom23 (Bijoy), BARI Gom24 (Prodip), BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, Akbar (BAW 43), BARI Gom18 (Protiva), BARI Gom19 (Sourav), BARI Gom20 (Gourab), Agrani (BAW38), and Kanchan (BAW28). Tillers were sampled from anthesis to maturity to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The results in the experiment revealed that the grain yield varied from 2.61 to 5.35 ton/ha with the mean of 4.18 ton/ha. Among the cultivars BARI Gom24, BARI Gom26, BARI Gom19, and BARI Gom23 appeared as high yielders while Kanchan, Agrani, BARI Gom20, BARI Gom22 as the low yielders. Generally, high yielding cultivars showed higher total dry mass accumulation compared to low yielding ones. Moreover, high yielding cultivars also showed higher water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) contents in culm at milk ripe stage than the low yielders. In general, contribution of culm WSCs to grain yield was more in high yielders than low yielders and it ranged from 2 to 29% of total grain weight. So, higher contribution of culm reserves resulted in higher grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Stem carbohydrate dynamics during post anthesis period in diverse wheat genotypes under different environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 556-559
Author(s):  
Vidisha Thakur ◽  
Girish Chandra Pandey ◽  
Jagadish Rane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Carbohydrate Dynamics

The contribution of stem water soluble carbohydrates (SWSCs) to grain biomass of wheat ranges from 10 to 20% under irrigated condition and 40 to 60% under stresses such as terminal heat and drought. Genetic variation in SWSC and its mobilization can be useful to increase the grain yield of wheat under harsh environments. Hence, a set of 16 genotypes varying in spike morphology and grain yield was grown in field under timely sown, late sown and terminal drought stress conditions. The anthrone method was used to measure the SWSC concentration in the dried peduncle and penultimate internodes in three replicates at 3 growth stages starting from anthesis. The effect of delay in sowing and terminal drought on the SWSC concentration was significant from anthesis to 14 days after anthesis. Significant genetic variation was observed in the rate of post anthesis change in SWSC during the early grain filling period under the three conditions which partially contributed to the variation in grain yield per spike among the genotypes. Due to sterile florets and/or shorter grain filling duration, all the genotypes did not have a correlation between grain weight per spike and rate of decrease of SWSCs. Thus, our experiments reconfirm the significance of SWSC in present cultivars of wheat and also the scope for exploiting the genetic variation in this trait.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

Control of Grain Yield by Sink Capacity and Assimilate Supply in Various Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukai ◽  
L. Li ◽  
P. T. Vizmonte ◽  
K. S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Sink Capacity ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Grain Filling Period

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify whether grain yield in four contrasting rice cultivars is limited by supply of assimilate to fill the grains or by sink capacity to accept the assimilate. Grain yield was limited mostly by sink capacity, with little variation in single grain weight among cultivars, but an old cultivar showed some ability to adjust single grain weight. Sink capacity was very sensitive to variation in assimilate supply immediately after anthesis. Reduction in assimilate supply in the anthesis to early grain filling period reduced filled grain percentage and grain yield, particularly in high yielding cultivars with a large number of grains per panicle.

scholarly journals Truncation of grain filling in wheat (Triticum aestivum) triggered by brief heat stress during early grain filling: association with senescence responses and reductions in stem reserves

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Shirdelmoghanloo ◽  
Daniel Cozzolino ◽  
Iman Lohraseb ◽  
Nicholas C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Reserves

Short heat waves during grain filling can reduce grain size and consequently yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Grain weight responses to heat represent the net outcome of reduced photosynthesis, increased mobilisation of stem reserves (water-soluble carbohydrates, WSC) and accelerated senescence in the grain. To compare their relative roles in grain weight responses under heat, these characteristics were monitored in nine wheat genotypes subjected to a brief heat stress at early grain filling (37°C maximum for 3 days at 10 days after anthesis). Compared with the five tolerant varieties, the four susceptible varieties showed greater heat-triggered reductions in final grain weight, grain filling duration, flag leaf chla and chlb content, stem WSC and PSII functionality (Fv/Fm). Despite the potential for reductions in sugar supply to the developing grains, there was little effect of heat on grain filling rate, suggesting that grain size effects of heat may have instead been driven by premature senescence in the grain. Extreme senescence responses potentially masked stem WSC contributions to grain weight stability. Based on these findings, limiting heat-triggered senescence in the grain may provide an appropriate focus for improving heat tolerance in wheat.

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