scholarly journals Effects of Lead on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) As Influenced by Manure and Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
P Jasmin ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
MN Mondol ◽  
SM Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Four Levels

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four levels of lead (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) treatment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its amelioration by cowdung, poultry litter and lime. The lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root decreased with increasing level of lead as well as the macronutrients compared to the control. The maximum reduction was observed in the pots treated with 200 mg/kg lead. The highest reduction in macronutrient content was also observed in 200 mg/kg Pb treated pot whereas N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentration was reduced by 0.41, 0.019, 1.15, 0.38 and 0.071% for shoot and 0.512, 0.071, 0.17, 0.51 and 0.122% for root, respectively. Lead concentration in roots and shoots increased with increasing level of lead treatment compared to the control. Cowdung was shown to be most effective, followed by poultry litter and lime. This particular organic manure had considerably greater decreasing impacts in lead uptake by wheat crops. Cowdung treated pots increased fresh and dry weight by 14.56 and 13.28% for grain, 7.58 and 7.08% for shoot and 2.41 and 2.06% for root compared to pot treated with 100 mg/kg lead. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(2): 69-76

scholarly journals Effects of lead on growth, yield and mineral nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
P Jasmin ◽  
WZ Prian ◽  
MN Mondol ◽  
SM Ullah ◽  
AS Chamon
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Positive Effects

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lead (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1) on rice (Oryza sativa) and remediation of metal contamination by applying cow dung, poultry litter and lime to alleviate lead toxicity. The lengths, fresh and dry weights of shoot, root and macronutrients decreased with increasing level of lead compared to the control. The maximum reduction was observed in the pots treated with 200 mg kg-1 lead (19.50 and 20.03% for grain, 17.15 and 19.75% for shoot and 17.96 and 30.02% for root on the fresh and dry weight, respectively). The highest reduction in macronutrient content was observed in 200 mg kg-1 lead treated pot where N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations were reduced by 31.14, 47.44, 22.49, 21.84 and 31.58% for shoot and 28.95, 55.64, 37.5, 49.33 and 23% for root, respectively. On the other hand lead concentration in roots and shoots were increased with increasing lead treatment compared to the control. Treatments of the amendments (cow dung, poultry litter and lime) had positive effects though cow dung outshining the rest of them. This particular organic matter had considerable decreasing impacts in lead uptake by rice. Cow dung treated pots increased fresh and dry weight by 31.48 and 32.07% for grain, 14.08 and 35.30% for shoot and 57.09 and 34.48% for root compared to pot treated with 100 mg kg-1 lead. Cow dung remediated lead concentration by 48.85, 65.00 and 62.00% for grain, shoot and root, respectively. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 83-92

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON LIBYAN SOFT WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L AT GERMINATION STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Amal Faraj Ehtaiwesh ◽  
Fatma Hossen Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Seedling Characters

Salinity is the major abiotic stress that reduces plant growth and productivity worldwide. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of salinity on seedling characters of soft wheat Triticum aestivum L genotypes and to define if responses varied among wheat genotypes. For that, 12 genotypes of wheat were evaluated for the salinity tolerance in artificially induced with NaCl at their germination and early seedling stage.  Seeds were subjected to four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and raised for eight days under optimum conditions to calculate the final germination percentage, speed of germination, mean daily germination, shoot and root length, and seedling fresh and dry weight. The response of genotypes were divers among the studied traits. At higher concentration of NaCl (100 and 150mM), speed of germination and mean daily germination were delayed and final germination percentage was decreased. At higher salinity level, significant decrease in shoots and roots length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor. Additionally, the study showed considerable variation in salinity tolerance among wheat genotypes for studied traits. The study concluded that there is a genetic variability among genotypes and that genotypes varied in their response to salinity stress and that genotypes Sabha, Salambo, Makkawi and Bushi were the most tolerant genotypes.

Interruption of magnesium supply at heading influenced proteome of peripheral layers and reduced grain dry weight of two wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Qiu ◽  
Isabelle Nadaud ◽  
Gérard Ledoigt ◽  
Agnès Piquet-Pissaloux ◽  
Gérard Branlard
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON THE EXPRESSION OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTERHARDINESS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. RICHARD HETHERINGTON ◽  
BRYAN D. McKERSIE ◽  
LISA C. KEELER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Relative Ranking ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Fredrick and Norstar, which differ in their winterhardiness potential, were compared with regard to the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application, during acclimation, on the expression of four traits associated with winterhardiness — freezing, ice-encasement, and low temperature flooding tolerances and crown moisture content. Modified Hoagland’s nutrient solutions containing five levels of each nutrient were applied to the seedlings during a 5-wk acclimation period at 2 °C, and subsequently the crowns were tested for their ability to survive varying intensities of the stress treatments. Increasing the level of applied N from 0, caused a reduction in the level of all stress tolerances. Increased P did not significantly alter the expression of freezing tolerance, but tended to increase tolerance of the anaerobic stresses, icing and low temperature flooding, to an optimum. Increased K had minimal effects on stress tolerance at the levels tested. Increased levels of each nutrient increased crown moisture content. The cultivar Norstar was consistently more tolerant of freezing and icing stress than Fredrick and this relative ranking was not influenced by mineral nutrition. However, the relative ranking for low temperature flooding tolerance varied depending on the nutrients provided to the seedlings. The results suggest that environmental and growth regulatory factors which influence the uptake of mineral nutrients would be expected to influence crown moisture content, and the expression of stress tolerance.Key words: Freezing, ice-encasement, flooding

INTERACTION BETWEEN SILICON AND ALUMINUM IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. (CV. CELTIC)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay M. Cocker ◽  
Martin J. Hodson ◽  
David E. Evans ◽  
Allan G. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Al Treatment

Seedlings ofTriticum aestivumL. (cv. Celtic) were suspended in plastic tubs containing 500 μmol L−1Ca(NO3)2and 31 μmol L−1KC1 as background solution. A1C13(0 and 100 μmol L−1) and Na2SiO3.5H2O (0 and 2000 μmol; L−1) were added to this basal nutrient medium, and solution pH was set at 4.2 or 4.6. Tubs were aerated and supplied with a continuous flow of pH-adjusted test solution. Plants were grown for 4 d in a growth cabinet at 25 °C with a 16 h photoperiod. At pH 4.2 and 4.6 root length of the seedlings was inhibited at 100 μmol L−1Al. An amelioration of Al-induced toxicity symptoms was observed in the 100 μmol L−1A1/2000 μmol L−1Si treatment at pH 4.6, but not at pH 4.2. Both the shoot (S) and root (R) dry weight of seedlings treated with 100 μmol L−1Al were reduced when compared with controls. Treatment with Al increased S:R ratios, and this effect was ameliorated by Si, but only at pH 4.6.Al content of roots treated with 100 μmol L−1Al or 100 μmol L−1Al/2000 μmol L−1Si increased significantly when compared with controls. More Al accumulated in the roots of seedlings of the 100 μmol L−1Al/2000 μmol L−1Si treatment than in the 100 μmol L−1treatment. Al treatment reduced root and shoot K concentrations under both pH regimes, and Si did not ameliorate this effect. Al treatment had little effect on seedling Ca levels.Three treatments were selected for a microanalytical investigation of the basal third of the root, and the zone 3.5 mm behind the root tip: 2800 μmol L−1Si; 75 μmol Al; and a combination of the two. When plants were grown in 2800 μmol L−1Si the major silica deposition sites in the roots were the endodermal walls. In the 75 μmol L−1Al treatment, Al was mainly located in the epidermal and hypodermal walls. Al treatment caused a leakage of phosphorus into these cell walls. When both 2800 μmol L−1and 75 μmol L−1Al were present in the nutrient solution, only Si was deposited in the endodermal walls, while both elements were present in the epidermal walls. Leakage of phosphorus appeared to be prevented in the presence of Si.

scholarly journals Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
Zahid Cheema ◽  
Khawar Jabran ◽  
Mubshar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Net Benefits

Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in WheatWater extracts from allelopathic crops possess the potential to control weeds effectively, especially when used in combination with reduced rates of herbicides. Label doses of different herbicides and their seventy percent reduced doses, were combined with 18 l/ha each of allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts (WE). This combination was sprayed 30 days after sowing (DAS) for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Maximum reduction in total weed density and dry weight over the control, was recorded in a field sprayed with mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/ha. However, sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control. Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield. Moreover, this treatment was the most economical along with having the maximum net benefits. The results suggested that weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yield, when a 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts.

INTERPLANT AND INTRAPLANT COMPETITION EFFECTS ON MAIN STEM YIELD OF THREE DIVERSE-TILLERING SPRING WHEATS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Interplant Competition

Three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Neepawa, Siete Cerros and M1417) were subjected to four levels of tiller removal (MS remaining, MS + T1 remaining, MS + T1 + T2 remaining, control) at three plant densities (two, four and eight plants per 15-cm-diameter pot) in a controlled environment to assess the effects of interplant and intraplant competition on stem dimensions and yield-related traits of genotypes with diverse tillering habits. Both types of competition resulted in reduced kernel weight and main stem grain yield and increased yield per pot. Interplant competition also reduced harvest indices while intraplant competition reduced main stem length and main stem diameter. The oligoculm genotype, M1417, was more sensitive to interplant competition than Siete Cerros and Neepawa. The increased sensitivity of M1417 appears to result from plant mortality combined with the inability to maintain kernel mass under severe interplant competition.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), tiller removal, grain yield, plant competition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of herbicidal potential of commercial herbicides in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Salim, Abdalsalam Awni Abdalbaki, Hussein Ali Khalid ◽  
Abd Alrasool Shalal Taha, Salam Farhan Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field experiment was conducted in Kanan region, province of Diyala, Iraq during the winter season 2016-2017 to screen herbicides for wheat cultivation. Six herbicides viz., Salix, Cronus, Pallas, Granstar, Topic and Atlantis were sprayed as post-emergence with second irrigation 54 days after crop sowing. Wheat growth parameters viz Crop height, Spike length and number of grains per spike were a higher in Granstar&Topic (105.2 cm, 12.6 cm, 51.4) respectively, 1000 grain weight were noted with Atlantis (40.9 g). followed by Granstar&Topic (39.2 g), Number of plants / m2 was a higher in Atlantis (430), Grain yield g \ acre was significantly increased in Granstar&Topic (1848 g) weeds growth parameters like Number of weeds / m2, Dry weight of weeds g, Weed control % and Weeds inhibition % were lower in Salix&cronos (0.0,0.0 g,100%,100%) respectively.

scholarly journals Yield, nutrient uptake and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under nitrogen and sulphur nutrition in alluvial soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
VINAY SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Four Levels

A 2-year field experiment was conducted at Panwari village of Agra district (U.P.) during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to different levels of nitrogen and sulphur. Four levels each of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that the application of 120 kg N ha-1 recorded the significantly highest plant height (92.1 cm) and test weight (40.9 g). The highest yields of grain (5.57t ha -1 ) and straw (6.86t ha-1) were recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 and the grain and straw yield increments were to the extent of 44.6 and 42.6%, respectively. The sulphur level of 30 kg ha-1 recorded the highest grain (5.13t ha-1) and straw (6.36t ha-1) yield being statistically at par with 20 kg S ha-1 but significantly higher than 10 kg S ha-1. The results indicated the superiority of combined use of N and S in improving the productivity of wheat to compared to application of N alone. The content and yield of protein were also increased with N application and maximum values were recorded with 120 kg N ha-1. There was a significant increase in protein content and yield of wheat grain and maximum values were recorded with 30 kg S ha-1. A phenomenal increase in N, P and S uptake by wheat grain and straw was recorded due to increasing levels of N and S up to 120 kg and 30 kg ha-1, respectively. The available N and S reduced in the control plot in post harvest soil over their initial values. The higher values of available N (222.5 kg ha-1) and S (19.4 kg ha-1) were recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg S ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Amelioration of lead (Pb) from contaminated soil using organic amendments

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
MN Mondol ◽  
KA Hussain ◽  
MR Zubaer ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
AS Chamon
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Edible Parts

Pot experiments were conducted at the department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to evaluate the effect of used tea leaves and poultry litter in ameliorating lead uptake and to alleviate toxicity of lead in Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The length, fresh weight and dry weight of shoot was decreased significantly by 34.83, 34.69 and 36.48%, respectively, in 200 mg kg-1 Pb treated pots compared to the control. The similar significant decreasing trend in case of macro nutrient concentration in shoot and root samples were also observed. %N, P, K, S, Mg and Ca concentration in edible parts (shoots) decreased by 66.3, 5.27, 52.17, 30.32, 61.54 and 62.87% in 200 mg kg1 lead (Pb) treated pots compared to the control. On the other hand Pb concentration in shoot and root was the highest at 200 mg kg-1Pb treated pots (55 and 189 mg kg-1 pot-1) and the lowest was in the control treatment (0.45 and 20 mg kg-1 pot-1). Biomass production were positively influenced by the application of organic amendments as well as lead uptake was significantly ameliorated into Red amaranth shoot and root due to application of used tea leaves and poultry litter which reduced soil to plant transfer (TrF) of Pb by 47.39, 56.34 and 16.67, 22.22% in shoots and roots of red amaranth, respectively, compared to the untreated pots. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 177-186, 2019

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