scholarly journals Study of Sensitivity Pattern of Metronidazole on Axenic Culture of Entamoeba Histolytica In Vitro

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
SK Sarker ◽  
D Mondal ◽  
MA Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Histolytica Strain

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of metronidazole against Entamoeba histolytica. Design: It was an experimental study. Settings: The study was carried out in Parasitology Laboratory, ICDDR,B Dhaka from January 2007 to June 2007. Subjects: Entamoeba histolytica (Strain: MS 27 5030) Main outcome measure: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: In this study MIC of metronidazole was < 0.08 mg/ml. Conclusion: The result suggests that metronidazole is still the standard drug for treatment of amoebiasis Key words: Axenic culture; Entamoeba histolytica; Metronidazole. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6256 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 65-66.

scholarly journals Antiprotozoal Activity Against Entamoeba histolytica of Flavonoids Isolated from Lippia graveolens Kunth

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464
Author(s):  
Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea ◽  
Javier Vargas-Villarreal ◽  
María Julia Verde-Star ◽  
Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽  
Ángel David Torres-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antiprotozoal Activity ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Antiamoebic Activity ◽  
Work Up ◽  
First Time

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is nowadays a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Annually, up to 100,000 deaths occur across the world. Due to the resistance that pathogenic protozoa exhibit against commercial antiprotozoal drugs, a growing emphasis has been placed on plants used in traditional medicine to discover new antiparasitics. Previously, we reported the in vitro antiamoebic activity of a methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens Kunth (Mexican oregano). In this study, we outline the isolation and structure elucidation of antiamoebic compounds occurring in this plant. The subsequent work-up of this methanol extract by bioguided isolation using several chromatographic techniques yielded the flavonoids pinocembrin (1), sakuranetin (2), cirsimaritin (3), and naringenin (4). Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved by spectroscopic/spectrometric analyses and comparing literature data. These compounds revealed significant antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests, showing a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 28 to 154 µg/mL. Amebicide activity of sakuranetin and cirsimaritin is reported for the first time in this study. These research data may help to corroborate the use of this plant in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia.

scholarly journals Psoromic Acid, a Lichen-Derived Molecule, Inhibits the Replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2, and Inactivates HSV-1 DNA Polymerase: Shedding Light on Antiherpetic Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif T. S. Hassan ◽  
Miroslava Šudomová ◽  
Kateřina Berchová-Bímová ◽  
Karel Šmejkal ◽  
Javier Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Hsv 1

Psoromic acid (PA), a bioactive lichen-derived compound, was investigated for its inhibitory properties against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), along with the inhibitory effect on HSV-1 DNA polymerase, which is a key enzyme that plays an essential role in HSV-1 replication cycle. PA was found to notably inhibit HSV-1 replication (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 1.9 μM; selectivity index (SI): 163.2) compared with the standard drug acyclovir (ACV) (IC50: 2.6 μM; SI: 119.2). The combination of PA with ACV has led to potent inhibitory activity against HSV-1 replication (IC50: 1.1 µM; SI: 281.8) compared with that of ACV. Moreover, PA displayed equivalent inhibitory action against HSV-2 replication (50% effective concentration (EC50): 2.7 μM; SI: 114.8) compared with that of ACV (EC50: 2.8 μM; SI: 110.7). The inhibition potency of PA in combination with ACV against HSV-2 replication was also detected (EC50: 1.8 µM; SI: 172.2). Further, PA was observed to effectively inhibit HSV-1 DNA polymerase (as a non-nucleoside inhibitor) with respect to dTTP incorporation in a competitive inhibition mode (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.7 μM; inhibition constant (Ki): 0.3 μM) compared with reference drugs aphidicolin (IC50: 0.8 μM; Ki: 0.4 μM) and ACV triphosphate (ACV-TP) (IC50: 0.9 μM; Ki: 0.5 μM). It is noteworthy that the mechanism by which PA-induced anti-HSV-1 activity was related to its inhibitory action against HSV-1 DNA polymerase. Furthermore, the outcomes of in vitro experiments were authenticated using molecular docking analyses, as the molecular interactions of PA with the active sites of HSV-1 DNA polymerase and HSV-2 protease (an essential enzyme required for HSV-2 replication) were revealed. Since this is a first report on the above-mentioned properties, we can conclude that PA might be a future drug for the treatment of HSV infections as well as a promising lead molecule for further anti-HSV drug design.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of some isatin-3-thiosemicarbazone complexes

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Konstantinovic ◽  
Blaga Radovanovic ◽  
Sofija Sovilj ◽  
Svetlana Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Thiosemicarbazone Complexes

Isatin-3-thiosemicarbazone complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) and Pd(II) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 7 pathogenic bacteria and 4 fungi. The complexes have an en?hanced activity compared to the ligand due to transition metal involved in coor?dination. The anti-amoebic activity in vitro was evaluated against the HM1:IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica and the results were compared with the standard drug, metronidazole. The preliminary test results showed that the complexes had better anti-amoebic activity than their respective ligands. Moreover, the com?plexes showed better inhibition of the test organism.

scholarly journals Repurposing the Open Access Malaria Box To Discover Potent Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 5848-5854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice F. Boyom ◽  
Patrick V. T. Fokou ◽  
Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽  
Thomas Spangenberg ◽  
Alvine N. Mfopa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Interesting Compound ◽  
Malaria Box

ABSTRACTToxoplasmosis and amebiasis are important public health concerns worldwide. The drugs currently available to control these diseases have proven limitations. Therefore, innovative approaches should be adopted to identify and develop new leads from novel scaffolds exhibiting novel modes of action. In this paper, we describe results from the screening of compounds in the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) open access Malaria Box in a search for new anti-Toxoplasmaand anti-Entamoebaagents. Standardin vitrophenotypic screening procedures were adopted to assess their biological activities. Seven anti-Toxoplasmacompounds with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of <5 μM and selectivity indexes (SI) of >6 were identified. The most interesting compound was MMV007791, a piperazine acetamide, which has an IC50of 0.19 μM and a selectivity index of >157. Also, we identified two compounds, MMV666600 and MMV006861, with modest activities againstEntamoeba histolytica, with IC50s of 10.66 μM and 15.58 μM, respectively. The anti-Toxoplasmacompounds identified in this study belong to scaffold types different from those of currently used drugs, underscoring their novelty and potential as starting points for the development of new antitoxoplasmosis drugs with novel modes of action.

Restoration of virulence of axenically cultivated Entamoeba histolytica by cholesterol

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meerovitch ◽  
E. Ghadirian
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cholesterol Treatment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Axenic Conditions

The lost pathogenicity of two strains of Entamoeba histolytica, one isolated in 1924 and the other in 1967, grown in axenic culture for the past 5 and 6 years respectively, was restored by supplementing the culture medium with cholesterol through a number of transfers. The number of passages in the cholesterol-supplemented medium, necessary to restore a certain degree of pathogenicity of the two strains in hamsters, was proportional to the total time of in vitro cultivation of the strain, and not just the time of cultivation under axenic conditions. Pathogenicity, once restored, persisted for a long time after cholesterol treatment was stopped.

scholarly journals In vitro (anti-alpha-glucosidase) activity and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of Androsace foliosa (common rock jasmine) in alloxan-induced diabetic BALB/c mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921985742
Author(s):  
Jawad Zaheer ◽  
Qazi Najam-Us-Saqib ◽  
Misba Qamar ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Androsace foliosa syn. Androsace sarmentosa (botanical name of common rock jasmine) ( Primulaceae) is used in the treatment various disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro anti-diabetic activity of crude methanolic extract of leaves and roots of A. foliosa by anti -alpha-glucosidase (α-Glc) and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of n-hexane fraction on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Results of in vitro anti-diabetic (α-Glc) activity showed that n-hexane leaves fraction was most potent among all the fractions and showed IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 64.91 ± 0.16 µg and % inhibition of 89.35 ± 0.45, comparable to that of standard acarbose. In vivo n-hexane leaves fraction decreases blood glucose level and reduces body weight similar to that of standard drug glibenclamide. Based on the conclusion of both in vitro and in vivo activities, it can be accomplished that the plant A. foliosa acquires noteworthy anti-diabetic action and can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type II and to reduce body weight.

Effect of phosphatidylcholine–cholesterol liposomes on Entamoeba histolytica virulence

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 987-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Serrano-Luna ◽  
Manuel Gutiérrez-Meza ◽  
Ricardo Mejía-Zepeda ◽  
Silvia Galindo-Gómez ◽  
Víctor Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Axenic Cultures ◽  
Term Maintenance ◽  
Histolytica Strain

Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS become less virulent after long-term maintenance in axenic cultures. The factors responsible for the loss of virulence during in vitro cultivation remain unclear. However, it is known that in vitro cultivation of amoeba in culture medium supplemented with cholesterol restores their virulence. In this study, we analyzed the effect of adding phosphatidylcholine–cholesterol (PC–Chol) liposomes to the culture medium and evaluated the effect of this lipid on various biochemical and biological functions of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS in terms of its virulence. The addition of PC–Chol liposomes to the culture medium maintained the virulence of these parasites against hamster liver at the same level as the original virulent E. histolytica strain, even though these amoebae were maintained without passage through hamster liver for 18 months. The trophozoites also showed increased endocytosis, erythrophagocytosis, and carbohydrate residue expression on the amoebic surface. Protease activities were also modified by the presence of cholesterol in the culture medium. These findings indicate the capacity of cholesterol to preserve amoeba virulence and provide an alternative method for the maintenance of virulent E. histolytica trophozoites without the need for in vivo procedures.

scholarly journals Encystation of Entamoeba histolytica in Axenic Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Jordan Wesel ◽  
Jennifer Shuman ◽  
Irem Bastuzel ◽  
Julie Dickerson ◽  
Cheryl Ingram-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Glucose Limitation ◽  
Cyst Form ◽  
Stage Conversion ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Entamoeba Invadens

Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that causes amoebic dysentery, which affects approximately 90 million people each year worldwide. E. histolytica is transmitted through ingestion of food and water contaminated with the cyst form, which undergoes excystation in the small intestine to the trophozoite form that colonizes the large intestine. The reptile pathogen Entamoeba invadens has served as a model for studying stage conversion between the trophozoite and cyst form due to lack of reproducible encystation of E. histolytica in the laboratory. Although much has been learned about encystation and excystation using E. invadens, the findings do not fully translate to E. histolytica due to the extensive genetic and host differences between these species. Here, we present the first reproducible encystation of E. histolytica in vitro. The cysts produced were viable and displayed the four characteristic hallmarks: round shape, chitinous cell wall, tetranucleation, and detergent resistance. Using flow cytometry analysis, glucose limitation and high cell density were key for encystation, as for E. invadens. Entry into encystation was enhanced by the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate, unlike for E. invadens. This new model will now allow the further study of E. histolytica stage conversion, transmission, and treatment.

scholarly journals Virulence parameters in the characterization of strains of Entamoeba histolytica

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A GOMES ◽  
Maria N. MELO ◽  
Gil P.M. PENA ◽  
Edward F. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Restriction Fragment Pattern

Differences in virulence of strains of Entamoeba histolytica have long been detected by various experimental assays, both in vivo and in vitro. Discrepancies in the strains characterization have been arisen when different biological assays are compared. In order to evaluate different parameters of virulence in the strains characterization, five strains of E. histolytica, kept under axenic culture, were characterized in respect to their, capability to induce hamster liver abscess, erythrophagocytosis rate and cytopathic effect upon VERO cells. It was found significant correlation between in vitro biological assays, but not between in vivo and in vitro assays. Good correlation was found between cytopathic effect and the mean number of uptaken erythrocytes, but not with percentage of phagocytic amoebae, showing that great variability can be observed in the same assay, according to the variable chosen. It was not possible to correlate isoenzyme and restriction fragment pattern with virulence indexes since all studied strains presented pathogenic patterns. The discordant results observed in different virulence assays suggests that virulence itself may not the directly assessed. What is in fact assessed are different biological characteristics or functions of the parasite more than virulence itself. These characteristics or functions may be related or not with pathogenic mechanisms occurring in the development of invasive amoebic disease

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