scholarly journals Salmonella daarle and Salmonella hiduddify associated with acute gastroenteritis in piglets in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hosterson Kylla ◽  
Tapan Kumar Dutta ◽  
Parimal Roychoudhury ◽  
Rajkumari Mandakini ◽  
Prasant Kumar Subudhi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pig Farm

The present study was conducted to investigate an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in an unorganized pig farm in the North Eastern Hilly Region of India. Fecal samples were collected from 20 pigs including 5 piglets, which were suffering from acute gastroenteritis and were processed for detection of E. coli, Salmonella, Clostridium sp., Rotavirus, Picobirnavirus as well as parasitic eggs and larvae by standard laboratory techniques. Virulence genes for pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella were detected by specific PCR assays. A total of 77 E. coli were isolated, all of which were found to be negative for any putative virulence genes of STEC/VTEC, ETEC, EHEC and EPEC pathotype by PCR. A total of 5 salmonellae were also isolated from 5 affected piglets, of which 1 and 4 were recorded as Salmonella daarle and Salmonella hiduddify, respectively. All the Salmonellae were positive for enterotoxin (stn) and invasion (invA) genes by PCR. In conclusion it may be stated that this is the first report of S. daarle and S. hiduddify associated with piglet diarrhoea and also first report from India with any type of enteric infection in man and animalsMicrobes and Health, December 2016, 5(1): 1-3

scholarly journals African swine fever: A permanent threat to Indian pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2275-2285
Author(s):  
Sharanagouda S. Patil ◽  
Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh ◽  
Vikram Vashist ◽  
Awadhesh Prajapati ◽  
Bramhadev Pattnaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
First Report ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

India has 9 million pigs, of which 45% are in the North eastern (NE) states of India. Viral diseases affecting pigs are a major concern of mortality causing huge loss to the pig farmers. One such disease is African swine fever (ASF) that has already knocked the porous borders of NE states of India. ASF is a highly contagious devastating disease of pigs and wild boars causing 100% mortality. The causative agent African swine fever virus (ASFV) belongs to the genus Asfivirus, family Asfarviridae. Pig is the only species affected by this virus. Soft ticks (Ornithodoros genus) are shown to be reservoir and transmission vectors of ASFV. Transmission is very rapid and quickly engulfs the entire pig population. It is very difficult to differentiate classical swine fever from ASF since clinical symptoms overlap. Infected and in contact pigs should be culled immediately and buried deep, and sheds and premises be disinfected to control the disease. There is no vaccine available commercially. Since its first report in Kenya in 1921, the disease has been reported from the countries in Europe, Russian federation, China, and Myanmar. The disease is a threat to Indian pigs. OIE published the first report of ASF in India on May 21, 2020, wherein, a total of 3701 pigs died from 11 outbreaks (Morbidity - 38.45% and mortality - 33.89%) in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh states of India. ASF is non-zoonotic.

scholarly journals Temporal Trend Analysis of Historical Climatic Data at Northeastern Hilly Region of Bangladesh Using Mann-Kendall Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
KK Mondal ◽  
Md AE Akhter ◽  
MAK Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
The North ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mann Kendall Test

An attempt has been implemented to find out the temporal trend of climatic data of average temperature and total rainfall for the study period 1980-2016 at North-Eastern Hilly Region in Bangladesh. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test is used to analyze the trend of climatic data. The objective of the study is to investigate the trend variation in the North-Eastern hilly region. Results show that in monsoon season, both Sylhet and Srimangal meteorological stations experience a positive tendency with a rate of 0.037 and 0.0170C/year, respectively which are statistically significant at 99.9% level of significance. Monthly significant positive changes are found in all months except November, December and January for Sylhet while Srimangal indicates significant positive changes except July, September, October and November. The total rainfall at both the stations reveals decreasing trend during maximum seasons and months but the trend is not significant. Journal of Engineering Science 11(2), 2020, 19-25

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN DRY DAYS AND TEMPERATURE OF SYLHET REGION: CORRELATION ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Syed Mustakim Ali Shah ◽  
G. M. Jahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Research Challenge ◽  
Sylhet Region

Climate change can have profound impact on weather conditions around the world such as heavy rainfall, drought, global warming and so on. Understanding and predicting these natural variations is now a key research challenge for disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the north eastern part of Bangladesh which is a hilly region, plays an important role in the ecological balance of the country along with socio-economic development. Present study analyses the behavior of maximum temperature and dry days using different statistical tools. Pearson’s correlation matrix and Man-Kendall’s tau are used to correlate monthly dry days with monthly maximum temperature, and also their annual trend. A moderate correlation was found mostly in dry summer months. In addition, a positive trend was observed in Man Kendall’s trend test of yearly temperature which might be an indication of global warming in this region.

Use of virulence determinants and seropathotypes to distinguish high- and low-riskEscherichia coliO157 and non-O157 isolates from Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. ANJUM ◽  
E. JONES ◽  
V. MORRISON ◽  
R. TOZZOLI ◽  
S. MORABITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Production Strain

SUMMARYThe presence of 10 virulence genes was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 365 European O157 and non-O157Escherichia coliisolates associated with verotoxin production. Strain-specific PCR data were analysed using hierarchical clustering. The resulting dendrogram clearly separated O157 from non-O157 strains. The former clustered typical high-risk seropathotype (SPT) A strains from all regions, including Sweden and Spain, which were homogenous by Cramer'sVstatistic, and strains with less typical O157 features mostly from Hungary. The non-O157 strains divided into a high-risk SPTB harbouring O26, O111 and O103 strains, a group pathogenic to pigs, and a group with few virulence genes other than for verotoxin. The data demonstrate SPT designation and selected PCR separated verotoxigenicE. coliof high and low risk to humans; although more virulence genes or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis will need to be included to separate high-risk strains further for epidemiological tracing.

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN DRY DAYS AND TEMPERATURE OF SYLHET REGION: CORRELATION ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mustakim Ali Shah ◽  
G. M. Jahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Research Challenge ◽  
Sylhet Region

Climate change can have profound impact on weather conditions around the world such as heavy rainfall, drought, global warming and so on. Understanding and predicting these natural variations is now a key research challenge for disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the north eastern part of Bangladesh which is a hilly region, plays an important role in the ecological balance of the country along with socio-economic development. Present study analyses the behavior of maximum temperature and dry days using different statistical tools. Pearson’s correlation matrix and Man-Kendall’s tau are used to correlate monthly dry days with monthly maximum temperature, and also their annual trend. A moderate correlation was found mostly in dry summer months. In addition, a positive trend was observed in Man Kendall’s trend test of yearly temperature which might be an indication of global warming in this region.

scholarly journals Fièvre catarrhale ovine aux Pays-Bas : aperçu sur trois ans

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Piet A. Van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The One ◽  
Modified Live Vaccine ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Pcr Test

Since August 2006, the Netherlands has been facing outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) caused by serotype 8 (BTV-8). In this first BT-season about 470 affected holdings were reported in the southern part of the country. It was believed that restrictions to animal movements slowed down the northwards spread of BTV. After a relatively mild winter, BT simultaneously resurfaced in July 2007 at many locations indicating that BTV-8 had survived well. Thousands of affected holdings across the country were reported during that year. After another mild winter, a vaccina­tion campaign for serotype 8 was launched in May 2008, with massive vaccination of sheep, goats and cattle. In 2008, less than 150 outbreaks were reported. The reported BTV-8 cases were in the north-eastern part of the country where the level of natural immunity and the willingness to vaccinate were rela­tively low. This third year with outbreaks was followed by a cold winter. In 2009, no BTV-positive animals were reported from mid-March on. Based on a questionnaire, the willingness of farmers to (re)vaccinate animals tended to decline in 2009, but for cattle farmers this was still at an acceptable level. It is questionable whether farmers will (re)vaccinate again in 2010. Optimism is growing with respect to control, and possibly eradi­cation of BTV-8, but re-emergence after a silent year is a serious possibility. One additional year of vaccination is thus probably required for eradication.  In September 2008, because of the enhanced risk of BTV-1 intro­duction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive results were confirmed for BTV-8\net2006 by sequencing the amplicons of the serogroup-specific PCR test and by serotype-specific PCR testing. BTV-6 was found in infected animals in three different herds, irrespective of vaccination. The sequence of genome seg­ment 10 of this virus is genetically close to BTV-2, whereas other segments are all close to those of the modified-live vaccine for serotype 6. This suggests that BTV-6\net2008 is a reassortant of serotypes 2 and 6. Extensive monitoring and additional cases revealed an unusual epidemiology. No other affected animals were detected, but BTV-6 positive animals on a few additional farms were found. The distance between affected holdings was 30-50 kilometres, and there was no epidemiological link between the affected farms. All BTV-6 positive animals were PCR-negative in March 2009, with no new reports of BTV-6 infection.  In October 2008, a BTV-1 positive bull was officially reported one month after import. In the same herd, four additional PCR-positive animals were found. Three of these also originated from France and were positive for BTV-8. Detailed investiga­tions revealed a French variant of BTV-8 never found in the Netherlands. We concluded that these animals were infected in France and that BTV-8 appeared to evolve differently in dif­ferent regions in Europe. The fifth animal was positive for BTV-6 and was moved from the BTV-6 affected area. Since no other BTV-positive animals were found in the respective herds and in the one-kilometre radius zone, no spread of BTV-1, BTV-6 and BTV-8 seemed to have occurred in this area.  Furthermore, export of Dutch pregnant heifers began again in December 2008, with 2000 to 3000 animals per month. Export is allowed on the basis of vaccination (against serotype 8) before pregnancy and negative PCR testing. Since, no animals were found PCR-positive by the serogroup-specific PCR test, we con­cluded that the Netherlands was free of any BTV circulation in 2009. The situation in 2010 will show whether the Netherlands can be considered as BTV-free again.

scholarly journals Presence of Senecio sylvaticus L. (Asteraceae) in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Bilge Tunçkol ◽  
Hasan Yaşayacak ◽  
Necmi Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Description ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
Nw Turkey ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Senecio Sylvaticus

Abstract The annual plant Senecio sylvaticus L. (Asteraceae) is regarded as a doubtfully recorded in Turkey. It has not been collected in the country since the first report of its occurrence in the north eastern Black Sea Region in 1875. This paper reconfirms the occurrence of Senecio sylvaticus in Turkey. New specimens were collected from the Ereğli and Alaplı regions (Zonguldak province, NW Turkey) in 2014. The species description, distribution maps and photographs are given.

scholarly journals LO47: Hematochezia in children with acute gastroenteritis in the emergency department: clinical phenotype, etiologic pathogens, and resource utilization

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S24-S24
Author(s):  
M. Böhrer ◽  
E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
K. Hurley ◽  
J. Xie ◽  
B. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp

Introduction: Acute bloody diarrhea obligates rapid and accurate diagnostic evaluation; few studies have described such cohorts of children. Methods: We conducted a planned secondary analysis employing the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) acute gastroenteritis study cohort to describe the characteristics of children with acute bloody diarrhea, compared to a cohort of children without hematochezia. Children <18 years of age presenting to 2 pediatric tertiary care emergency departments (EDs) in Alberta, with ≥3 episodes of diarrhea and/or vomiting in the preceding 24 hours and <7 days of symptoms were consecutively recruited. Stools were tested for 17 viruses, bacteria and parasites. Primary outcomes were clinical characteristics and pathogens identified. Secondary outcomes included interventions and resource utilization. Results: Of 2257 children enrolled between October 2015 and August 2018, hematochezia before or at the index ED visit was reported in 122 (5.4%). Compared to children with nonbloody diarrhea, children with hematochezia had longer illness duration [59.5 vs. 41.5 hrs, difference 10.6, 95% CI 3.5, 19.9], more diarrheal episodes in a 24-hour period [8 vs. 5, difference 3, 95% CI 2, 4], and less vomiting [55.7% vs. 91.1%; difference -35.3%; 95% CI -44.7, -26.3]. They received more intravenous fluids [32.0% vs. 18.3%; difference 13.7%, 95% CI 5.5, 23.0], underwent non-study stool testing [53.7% vs. 4.8%; difference 49.0%, 95% CI 39.6, 58.0], experienced longer ED visits [4.1 vs. 3.3 hours, difference 0.9, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0] and were more likely to have repeat healthcare visits within 14 days [54.8% vs. 34.2%; difference 20.6%, 95% CI 10.8, 30.1]. A bacterial enteric pathogen was found in 31.9% of children with hematochezia versus 6.6% without bloody diarrhea (difference 25.4%, 95% CI 17.2, 34.7). In children with hematochezia, the most commonly detected bacteria were Salmonella spp. (N = 15), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (N = 9), Campylobacter spp. (N = 7), and Shigella spp. (N = 5). Viruses were detected in 32.8% of children with bloody diarrhea, most commonly adenovirus (N = 15), norovirus (N = 14), sapovirus (N = 8) and rotavirus (N = 7). Conclusion: Children with hematochezia differed clinically from those without hematochezia and required more healthcare resources. While bacterial etiologies are common, several viruses were also detected.

Discussion on “The grinding wheel and production” at the North-Eastern Section of the Institution

1942 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Bowen ◽  
Vickery ◽  
Buchanan ◽  
Swallow ◽  
Perks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The influence of submesoscale eddies on hydrochemical parameters and structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticyclonic Eddy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Thermocline ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
North Eastern Part

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.

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