scholarly journals LO47: Hematochezia in children with acute gastroenteritis in the emergency department: clinical phenotype, etiologic pathogens, and resource utilization

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S24-S24
Author(s):  
M. Böhrer ◽  
E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
K. Hurley ◽  
J. Xie ◽  
B. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp

Introduction: Acute bloody diarrhea obligates rapid and accurate diagnostic evaluation; few studies have described such cohorts of children. Methods: We conducted a planned secondary analysis employing the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) acute gastroenteritis study cohort to describe the characteristics of children with acute bloody diarrhea, compared to a cohort of children without hematochezia. Children <18 years of age presenting to 2 pediatric tertiary care emergency departments (EDs) in Alberta, with ≥3 episodes of diarrhea and/or vomiting in the preceding 24 hours and <7 days of symptoms were consecutively recruited. Stools were tested for 17 viruses, bacteria and parasites. Primary outcomes were clinical characteristics and pathogens identified. Secondary outcomes included interventions and resource utilization. Results: Of 2257 children enrolled between October 2015 and August 2018, hematochezia before or at the index ED visit was reported in 122 (5.4%). Compared to children with nonbloody diarrhea, children with hematochezia had longer illness duration [59.5 vs. 41.5 hrs, difference 10.6, 95% CI 3.5, 19.9], more diarrheal episodes in a 24-hour period [8 vs. 5, difference 3, 95% CI 2, 4], and less vomiting [55.7% vs. 91.1%; difference -35.3%; 95% CI -44.7, -26.3]. They received more intravenous fluids [32.0% vs. 18.3%; difference 13.7%, 95% CI 5.5, 23.0], underwent non-study stool testing [53.7% vs. 4.8%; difference 49.0%, 95% CI 39.6, 58.0], experienced longer ED visits [4.1 vs. 3.3 hours, difference 0.9, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0] and were more likely to have repeat healthcare visits within 14 days [54.8% vs. 34.2%; difference 20.6%, 95% CI 10.8, 30.1]. A bacterial enteric pathogen was found in 31.9% of children with hematochezia versus 6.6% without bloody diarrhea (difference 25.4%, 95% CI 17.2, 34.7). In children with hematochezia, the most commonly detected bacteria were Salmonella spp. (N = 15), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (N = 9), Campylobacter spp. (N = 7), and Shigella spp. (N = 5). Viruses were detected in 32.8% of children with bloody diarrhea, most commonly adenovirus (N = 15), norovirus (N = 14), sapovirus (N = 8) and rotavirus (N = 7). Conclusion: Children with hematochezia differed clinically from those without hematochezia and required more healthcare resources. While bacterial etiologies are common, several viruses were also detected.

scholarly journals Etiology of acute diarrhea among children in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Inês Cazentini MEDEIROS ◽  
Suzel Nogueira NEME ◽  
Paulo da SILVA ◽  
Divani Maria CAPUANO ◽  
Maria Clarice ERRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Positive samples were 22.8% (419) with 1.7% association of pathogens. Larger isolates were mainly from children 0 to 11 months old. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was most frequent (8.7%) with predominance of serogroup O119 (40.2%), followed by Shigella (6.2%), 63.6% of which S. sonnei.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in dessert items collected from Dhaka city

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Shohana Akter ◽  
Anasua Sarkar ◽  
Kamal Kanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Due to delicious taste and readily availability, desserts are one of the most popular foods in Dhaka city. High amount of carbohydrate and protein in dessert items make them more susceptible to proliferation of microbial growth. Present study depicted a complete microbiological profile of some popular desserts such as, sweet, pastry, ice cream, pudding, falooda, yogurt and custard available in different food shop at Dhaka city, Bangladesh. All the samples were found to be contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria as well as fungi within the range of 103 to 106 cfu/g. In case of specific microflora, the growth of Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were observed in most of the samples indicates the poor quality of these products. Bioburdens of E. coli in sweet, pudding and yogurt were found in the range of 1.2×102 to 2.7×103 cfu/g. Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp. could not be isolated from any of the samples. Current study indicates that hygienic conditions should be maintained during preparation, packaging and retailing of dessert items in order to reduce the load of contamination in ready to eat foods which will ensure good health of consumers. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 19-22

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotics and Fluoride Toothpastes against Pathogenic Bacteria associated with Dental Caries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Dental caries is the most contagious disease throughout the world. In the present study, a total of 100 dental caries patients were selected and samples from these patients were collected through sterile pincers for microbiological examination. A total of 9 different pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified through conventional culturing technique and among them maximum number of occurrence was by Salmonella spp (26.13%), followed by E. coli (17.39%), Proteus spp (17.39%), Shigella spp (8.69%), Pseudomonas spp (8.69%), Vibrio spp (8.69%), Enterobacter spp (4.34%), Yersinia spp (4.34%) and S. mutans (4.34%). Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by 9 different commercially available antibiotics i.e. vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, ampicillin, ticarcillin and metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used against test organisms and it was observed that all these antibiotics expressed significant activity against greater part of test organisms but few of them showed resistance to metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. In addition to this, different toothpastes encoded as TP-1, TP-2, TP-3, TP-4 and TP-5 were used at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in order to evaluate their activity against test organisms and it was observed that all these toothpastes showed significant activity against isolated bacteria. It was concluded that all these toothpastes contained fluoride which supports to avoid tooth decay and promote minty fresh breath. Furthermore, it was recommended that avoid usage of too much sweets, chocolates, candies especially in children/adults, and there must be a proper use of toothpastes twice a day at every stage of life. Keywords: Dental Caries, Pathogenic Bacteria, Antibiotics, Fluoride Toothpastes

scholarly journals Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Broiler Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Alina L. NISTOR ◽  
Mihaela MIHAI ◽  
Ancuța M. ROTAR ◽  
Carmen R. POP
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents the ability of microorganisms to resist antimicrobial treatments. AMR occurs when microorganisms change in order to reduce or eliminate the effect of antimicrobials, which they were previously susceptible. There were reported animal food products contaminated with antimicrobial resistant strains, like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Camylobacter spp., extended spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing-Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. etc.). The aim of this paper is to analyze the frequency of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in broiler meat, at European level. Data were obtained based on the latest EFSA and ECDC Reports, comparing the year 2016 with the year 2018 of the incidence of Salmonella spp., different serovars of Salmonella enterica subs. enterica and Escherichia coli producing ESBL and AmpC, in broiler meat. The incidence of resistant Salmonella spp. showed a decrease between 2016 and 2018. However, the incidence increased for different resistant serovars. Salmonella Infantis showed a decrease in the two years taken into consideration. Regarding the incidence of ESBL E. coli in broiler meat, the results showed an increase for resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin.

scholarly journals Potential Risk of Horizontal Dissemination of Fluoroquinolone and Cephalosporin Resistance from Commensal E. coli and Shigella spp. to Salmonella spp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi ◽  
Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel ◽  
Revathi Gajendiran ◽  
Shalini Anandan ◽  
Kamini Walia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Cocktail Combining Specific Peptide Extracts from Native Probiotic Bacteria Hamper Adulteration of Ready-to-Eat Mango Wedges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Gabriela N. Tenea ◽  
Daniela Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Safety Issue ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Specific Peptide

Consumption of ready-to-eat chopped fruits sold in the streets is a concern, as such activities are outside the regulation and protection in most developing countries. Ready-to-eat mangos are commonly sold as wedges in plastic cups at ambient temperature by mobile vendors in Ecuador, thus they are prone to contamination by bacteria, which poses a safety issue of concern. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of several antimicrobial cocktails consisting of previously designed specific peptide extract combinations from two probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum UTNCys5-4 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UTNGt28, along with nisin, a commercial food additive, on mango wedges artificially inoculated with a logarithmic phase culture of a five-strain bacterial mixture (FSBM). Preliminary bacteriological analysis of mango wedges purchased from mobile vendors showed the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates such E. coli spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., along with yeasts and molds, indicating non-compliance with the food safety standards. The results revealed that two antimicrobial cocktails, T2 and T5, containing cell-free supernatant based (CFS) and precipitated peptides (PP) based cocktails from UTNCys5-4 and UTNGt28 strains applied at dose 1:3 (v/v), were the most efficient combinations that inhibited the colonization of total bacterial counts with 56.03% and 55.61% in mango wedges stored with refrigeration. The reduction of total E. coli counts was 64.93%, while Salmonella and Shigella counts were reduced by 98.09% and 97.93%, respectively, when mango wedges were treated with T5-cocktail. The commercial nisin inhibited total Salmonella spp. counts by 40.13%, while E. coli spp. and Shigella spp. diminished by 28.20% and 37.22%, respectively. Moreover, we showed that T5 but not T7 (nisin) damaged the target cell integrity, thereby eventually inhibiting their growth and reproduction. The selected antimicrobial cocktails exerted a bacteriolytic effect by killing the FSBM simultaneously in a fruit matrix and preventing their accumulation in mango wedges. Furthermore, there is a possibility of using peptide combinatorial treatments to combat drug-resistant bacteria in ready-to-eat fruits.

scholarly journals Bacterial enteropathogens causing acute diarrhoea in children in a tertiary care hospital, Imphal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
Sarda Angom ◽  
Shan Damrolien ◽  
Tsering Wangmu ◽  
K. Mamta Devi ◽  
K. Sulochana Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases are responsible for causing 3 million deaths worldwide every year especially among the children and also the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. Infective diarrhoea could be either bacterial, viral, parasitic or occasionally a combination of these.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in children below 12 years with acute diarrhoea in theMicrobiology Department, RIMS, Imphal for a period of 2 years. Stool samples were subjected to routine microbiological examination, followed by culture and sensitivity. Data were collected in a predesigned data collection sheet.Results: Majority of the diarrhoeal cases were seen among the age group of 1-3 years (44.3%), predominantly among the male children (66.2%) and mostly in summer. Out of 210 culture positive stool samples, Escherichia coli(83.3%) was the predominant enteropathogen with followed by Shigella spp.(12.9%), Klebsiella spp. (2.9%) and Salmonella spp. (1%). Serotyping revealed thirty five enteropathogenic E. coli, eighteen Shigella flexneri, seven Shigellasonnei, two Shigella boydii and two Salmonella typhimurium. Majority of the isolates showed high resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and cotrimoxazole.Conclusions: Bacterial enteropathogens are an important cause of acute diarrhoea among children. Rehydration therapy remains the initial treatment. Though it is usually self-limiting, empirical and specific antimicrobial therapy can be considered in certain situations. Awareness of improving hygiene and infectious diseases may help reduce the burden of infection.

scholarly journals SEROTYPING AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING OF ENTEROBACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS OF KATHMANDU

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (143) ◽  
pp. 392-6
Author(s):  
Abhignya Subedi ◽  
C D Shrestha ◽  
R P Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp

In a study carried out at National Public Health Laboratory, Teku, 236 samples werecollected from the diarrhoeal patients and half of them were The patients below 15years of age. Altogether 61 pathogens belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceaewere isolated. The presence of pathogens in the patterns below 5 years was highlysignificant (P<0.05%). E coli was most common (68.8%) followed by Salmonella spp.(16.4%) and Shigella spp. (14.7%). Enteropathogenic was E. coli was the most frequentisolate (71.4%) among the pathogenic E. coli. Similarly, Salmonella typhimuriumwas the commonest salmonellae and Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri werethe most commonly isolated shigellae. Most of the pathogens were sensitive toCiprofloxacin (72.1%) and least was sensitive to Ampicillin (9.8%). Only 4.9% of thepathogens were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested.

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