scholarly journals In vitro Salt Tolerance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes using Different Explants

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Hamedi ◽  
Pooran Golkar ◽  
Ahmad Arzani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Percentage Data ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

To evaluate the response of different genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to in vitro salt stress was conducted. Callus derived from leaflet, pedicel, hypocotyls, and adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf were subjected to in vitro salt stress at 0, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl. The relative growth rate (RGR), callus growth rate (CGR), relative water content (RWC), tolerance index (TOL) and necrosis percentage were assessed. Results of analysis of variance indicated significant effects of salt stress, significant differences among genotypes for all traits and significant genotype × salt stress interaction for CGR, RWC and necrosis traits. The application of NaCl decreased RGR, CGR, RWC and TOL, significantly, while a significant increase observed across all the tested explants and genotypes for necrosis percentage data. An Iranian safflower genotype (K21) superior for RGR, RWC and TOL was the most salt tolerant genotype at the cellular level.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(2): 231-242, 2016 (December)

Glycinebetaine priming improves salt tolerance of wheat

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima H. A. Salama ◽  
Mohamed Magdy Mansour ◽  
Habebah A. Al-Malawi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Relative Water

AbstractSalinity stress is one of the most serious environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity in large areas around the world. Priming approach was adopted to study the effect of glycinebetaine (GB) on enhancing salt tolerance of sensitive wheat cultivar (Gomeza 7). The caryopsis were primed in different concentrations of GB (25, 50, 100 mM) for 24 h, and then treated with or without 150 mM NaCl added to 1/4-modified Hoagland solution (MHS). The NaCl treatment lasted 38 d under natural environmental conditions. Salt stress reduced all growth parameters measured: fresh mass, dry mass, relative growth rate, for the shoots and roots, and relative water content (RWC). Salt imposition increased the level of Na

scholarly journals Morpho- biochemical evaluation of Brassica rapa sub-species for salt tolerance

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jan ◽  
Zabta Shinwari ◽  
Malik Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Type

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect both the qualitative and quantitative characters of many Brassica rapa sub-species by disturbing its normal morphobiochemical processes. Therefore, the present research work was designed to study the effect of different NaCl events (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol) on morphological and biochemical characters and to screen salt tolerant genotypes among brown, yellow and toria types of B. rapa sub-species. The plants were grown in test tubes with addition of four level of NaCl (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol). The effect of salinity on shoot and root length, shoot/ root fresh and dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline and chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents was recorded after 4 weeks of sowing. The genotype 22861 (brown type) showed excellent morphological and biochemical performance at all stress levels followed by Toria-Sathi and Toria-A respectively as compared to Check variety TS-1. The genotype 26158 (yellow type) gave very poor performance and retard growth. The %RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased several folds with the increase of salt concentration. While, the proline contents was increased with raising of salt stress. The brown and toria types showed maximum tolerance to salt stress at early germination stages as compare to yellows one. The present study will serve as model to develop quick salt tolerant genotypes among different plant sub-species against salt stress.

scholarly journals Changes in plant growth, leaf relative water content and physiological traits in response to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12049
Author(s):  
Tekam L. MEGUEKAM ◽  
Dany P. MOUALEU ◽  
Victor D. TAFFOUO ◽  
Hartmut STÜTZEL
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Salinity is the main environmental factor accountable for decreasing crop productivity worldwide. The effects of NaCl salinity on plant growth (leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry weight (LDW), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and total leaf area (TLA) and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (TR), net photosynthetic (Pn), yield of photosystem II (ΦPsII) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (CO2int) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties (‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and ‘Pl184948’, widely used in Cameroon, Tanzania and Ghana, respectively, were investigated under hydroponic condition. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant decrease in LDW, SL, NL, TLA, Pn, gs, TR and CO2int concentration of ‘Vanda’ and ‘P244601’ compared to untreated plants while the plant growth inhibition was notably noted at 120 mM NaCl in ‘P1184948’ for LDW, SL and NB. The highest depressive effect was detected in gs of salt-sensitive ‘Vanda’ while the lowest were recorded in gs of salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at high salinity level. Enhanced NaCl concentrations led to a significant increase in ΦPSII of ‘P1184948’ compared to ‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and untreated plants. Leaf CHL content was significantly increased in moderately-tolerant ‘‘P244601’ and salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at 80 mM NaCl compared to salt sensitive ‘Vanda’ and untreated plants. The depressive effect of salt on RWC was recorded at 120 mM NaCl in peanut leaves of all varieties. Under salt stress ‘P1184948’ was observed to have relatively higher tolerance on average of all growth and physiological traits than ‘Vanda’ and P244601’ suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Variability in salinity stress tolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties using in vitro screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Abdullah Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
Nilüfer Koçak Şahin ◽  
Güray Akdoğan ◽  
Cennet Yaman ◽  
Deniz Köm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Salinity Stress Tolerance

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that lead to an imbalance in the physiological processes of the plants and also affects potato growth and productivity in maınly semi-arid and growing areas. The accumulation of Na+ and Cl- ions in the cells is very toxic can influence all mechanisms and the enzymatic actions of the plants. In vitro screening of plant genotypes for osmotic stress represents a valuable tool as an alternative to field trials and can be applied based on osmotic stress tolerance. The main goal of this study was to reveal variability in salinity stress tolerance of potato varieties using in vitro screening. Stem cuttings consisting of a single node of different varieties were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM). The differences among the plantlet length, number of branches, number of nodes, number of the leaflet, leaflet width, leaflet length, root length, number of the root, fresh plantlet weight, dry plantlet weight of all varieties were negatively influenced by all NaCl concentrations tested. Microtuberization and stolon growth of the varieties were also completely inhibited at high concentrations (100-150 mM). The Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to the data matrix (15 morphological characteristics x 12 potato varieties) of the potato varieties. Also, a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to identify the possible nearest and similarity of all morphological characteristics analyzed of the potato varieties. In grouping potato varieties, HCA and PCA results were found to be similar. We can speculate about the responses of morphological similarities of the potato varieties against salt stress. We concluded that Innovator and Kennebec are respectively the most salt-tolerant varieties. Hermes was moderately salt-tolerant and microtuberization capacity of Slaney was also high under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽  
Md Sabibul Haque ◽  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

scholarly journals In vitro application of integrated selection index for screening drought tolerant genotypes in common wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezatollah FARSHADFAR ◽  
Reza Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant

<p style="margin: 0cm -0.05pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 453.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This experiment was conducted on 20 wheat genotypes during 2010-2011 growing season at the Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. A completely randomized design with six replications was used for callus induction and a 20 × 2 factorial experiment with three replications was used for response of genotypes to <em>in vitro</em> drought stress. ANOVA exhibited highly significant differences among the genotypes for callus growth rate, relative fresh mass growth, relative growth rate, callus water content, percent of callus chlorosis and proline content under stress condition (15 % PEG). PCA showed that the integrated selection index was correlated with callus growth index, relative fresh mass growth, relative growth rate and proline content indicating that these screening techniques can be useful for selecting drought tolerant genotypes. Screening drought tolerant genotypes and <em>in vitro</em> indicators of drought tolerance using mean rank, standard deviation of ranks and biplot analysis, discriminated genotypes 2, 18 and 10 as the most drought tolerant. Therefore they are recommended to be used as parents for genetic analysis, gene mapping and improvement of drought tolerance.</span></span></p>

Trade-off between growth ability and stress tolerance in Leymus mollis (Poaceae) along a subarctic coastal dune sequence in northern Quebec

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Houle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Leymus Mollis

Several environmental factors vary with distance from the shoreline on coastal dunes. For instance, salinity, salt spray, and sand movement decrease but nutrient and water availability increase from the foredune to the stabilized dunes. Plants colonizing the upper beach and the foredune are thus exposed to more severe abiotic stresses than those on the stabilized dunes. Although community composition changes progressively from the upper beach to the stabilized dunes, some species persist through the sequence. For example, on the coastal dunes of subarctic Quebec, Leymus mollis (Trin.) Hara (Poaceae), a perennial grass that colonizes the upper beach and the foredune, persists onto older stabilized dunes. Under controlled conditions, the response of L. mollis ramets from different habitats along the dune sequence to various saline conditions was examined. It was expected that ramets from the upper beach and the foredune, where substrate salinity is typically higher, salt spray more important, and saltwater intrusion more frequent, to better support salinity stress. Ramets from the upper beach and the foredune had a higher relative growth rate (RGR) but were, in fact, less tolerant to salt stress than those from the stabilized dune. Because sand accumulation is higher on the upper beach and the foredune, a higher RGR may be favored there to the detriment of a higher sensitivity to salt stress. The salt tolerance of stabilized dune ramets may be the expression of a more generalized stress-tolerance strategy as suggested by low RGR and high leaf nutrient concentration.Key words: embryo dune, foredune, leaf turnover, relative growth rate (RGR), salt stress, stabilized dune, tolerance, trade-off.

scholarly journals Instability of Propiconazole Resistance and Fitness in Monilinia fructicola

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Cox ◽  
P. K. Bryson ◽  
G. Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Time Of Collection ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

The fitness and the dynamics of demethylation inhibitor fungicide (DMI) sensitivity in isolates of Monilinia fructicola sensitive (no growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) and resistant (≥50% relative growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) to propiconazole were investigated. Overall, there was no considerable compromise in the fitness of resistant isolates compared to sensitive isolates of M. fructicola at the time of collection. Resistant and sensitive isolates differed in their sensitivity to propiconazole (P < 0.001) and incubation period (P = 0.044), but not in latent period, growth rate, spore production, and spore germination frequency (P > 0.05). Consecutive transferring on potato dextrose agar had an impact on conidia production, conidial germination, and growth rate (P < 0.0001). Consecutive transferring also had an impact on propiconazole sensitivity in resistant isolates. In the resistant isolates, sensitivity to propiconazole increased (R2 = 0.960, P = 0.0034) within the first eight transfers. Similarly, sensitivity to propiconazole increased by 273% over the course of 34 months in cold storage in propiconazole-resistant isolates. Our results show that propiconazole resistance is unstable in vitro and that standard subculturing and cold storage procedures impact propiconazole sensitivity of resistant isolates. The instability of propiconazole resistance in M. fructicola may have important implications for disease management in that a reversion to propiconazole sensitivity could potentially occur in the absence of DMI fungicide pressure in the field.

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