scholarly journals Residual effect of raw material of chitosan powder on chemical properties of soil under rice-rice cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Amena Sultana ◽  
Mostarak Hossain Munshi ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
ASM Fazle Bari ◽  
Mohammad Issak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Post Harvest

The experiment was conducted at the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka- 1207, Bangladesh, during 2015-2016, to investigate residual effect of raw material of chitosan (CHT) powder on chemical properties of rice growing soils. The field experiment was done using BRRI dhan29. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The first experiment was done using four different doses of the raw material of CHT powder with one control. The treatments were as follows: T1= 0.5 t/ha, T2 = 1.0 t/ha, T3 = 2.0 t/ha, T4 = 4.0 t/ha and T5 = 0 t/ha. The second experiment was conducted in the same plot using the following treatments were T1= Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 0.5 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer, T2 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 1.0 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer, T3 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 2.0 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer, T4 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 4.0 t/ha (applied in the previous experiment) + 2/3rd of recommended N fertilizer and T5 = Residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder @ 0 t/ha + recommended N (control). The total nitrogen content, soil pH, organic carbon and organic matter status in the post-harvest-soils were increased due to the residual effect of the powder in rice growing soils. The maximum value of the pH (7.01), organic carbon content (0.72%), and organic matter content (1.24%) in the post-harvest soils were found in the treatment T4 and lowest values were observed in the control treatment (T5). From the results it could be concluded that some of the chemical properties of rice growing soils were improved due to the residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder. Residual nitrogen value indicates that the raw material of CHT powder has a slow releasing effect of organic nitrogen supplementation in soil. These results suggest that the residual effect of the raw material of CHT powder could play a significant role to improve the sustainable soil health. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 33-42, April 2020

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYSICAL FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN OXISOLS UNDER INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Rocha De Moraes Rego ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
Vanessa Aline Egewarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Reference Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

The main cause of decreased soil fertility and soil organic matter content is intensive crop farming with inadequate management. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties, total organic carbon content, physical granulometric fractions (particulate organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon), carbon stocks, and carbon management indices of oxisols in different integrated agricultural production systems (IAPSs) with reference to values in a haymaking area and native forest. The experiments were performed using completely randomized design, considering nine differently managed areas, including seven IAPSs and two reference areas (haymaking area and native forest); four soil samples from the 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m layers were randomly collected from each area and the abovementioned variables were evaluated. The results showed no differences in variables between the managed and reference areas, indicating the maintenance of fertility and carbon fractions. Therefore, the tested management strategies promote beneficial modifications of soil properties. Producers should adopt different IAPS management strategies for soil preservation.

Influence of Grasscover in Restoring the Properties of Eroded Soils of Umudike, Southeastern, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Onwuchekwa Ojimgba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Organic C

The influence of grasscover in restoring the eroded soils was carried out in Umudike, Southestern Nigeria. The use of grass has attracted considerable research attention with respect to forage production and erosion control. Little information is available on the influence of this grasscover management on soil physical and chemical properties. Four different grasses namely: Paspalum notatum(PN), Panicum maximum(PM), Axonopus compressus(AC) and Vetiver grass(VG)- Vetiveria zizanioid/es) were used in this study and their influence on eroded soil tested in two locations. This study has shown that the soils planted with the grasses gave significantly (p<0.05) higher results of the physical and some chemical properties than their adjacent open bare soil. In all the parameters considered in this study, the values obtained in soils under Paspalum notatum was higher than those obtained in PM, AC, VG and their adjacent bare soils(BS). The soils under PN had generally lower bulk density, higher total porosity and hydraulic conductivity than other grasses and adjacent open bare soil in both locations. The soil under PN proved best, outperforming PM, VG,and AC in stabilizing soil aggregates. Planting of PN on eroded soil significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean weight diameter from 0.77mm (BSPN1) to 1.31mm (PN1) and 0.82mm (BSPN2) to 1.48mm (PN2) for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. The relative improvement in Location 1 was in the order : PN1>AC1=VG1>PM1>BSVG1=BSPN1>BSAC1=BSPM1. Also, soils under PN had significantly higher values of pH, organic C and organic matter, total nitrogen and available P more than other grasses and their adjacent open soils. The magnitude of increase in Location 1 was in the order : PN1>AC1>PM1=VG1>BSVG1=BSPN1=BSAC1>BSPM1. Location 2 also increased in the same trend. The organic carbon content of PN increased from 0.73%(BSPN1) to 2.89%(PN1) and 0.88%(BSPN2) to 2.91%(PN2) in Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Also, the organic matter content of the soil increased in the same trend as organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Direct and Residual Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management on Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
D. K. D. Deekshitha ◽  
Sujani Rao, Ch ◽  
P. V. Subbaiah ◽  
M. Martin Luther ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Integrated Nitrogen Management ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Aim: To find out the direct and residual effect of integrated nitrogen management on physico-chemical properties of soil under rice – maize cropping system. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design during kharif season and in split plot design during rabi crop. Place and Duration of Study: At Agricultural college farm, Bapatla during 2018-19 and 2019-20 in Kharif and rabi seasons. Methodology: After the preliminary layout, paddy was sown in kharif and maize was sown in rabi season. Vermicompost and green leaf manure were applied two weeks before sowing of paddy. Treatments applied for paddy were considered as main plots and each one divided into two sub plots during rabi. Results: Applications of different treatments did not show any significant difference in physico-chemical properties of soil (pH and EC) at all the growth stages of rice and maize during both the years of study. Application of 75% RDN through green leaf manure + 25% RDN through inorganics (T5) to rice during kharif significantly improved organic carbon in both kharif and rabi seasons whereas different levels of fertilizers applied have not shown an significant influence on soil organic carbon content. Conclusion: Application of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures and their combination didn’t show marked difference on physico-chemical properties of soil like pH and EC. However substitution of 75% N through GLM in kharif season significantly improved OC content in soil during both kharif and rabi and organic carbon content was not influenced by the level of fertilizers from 50% RDF (S1) to100% RDF (S2).

Influence of Grasscover in Restoring the Properties of Eroded Soils of Umudike, Southeastern, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Organic C

The influence of grasscover in restoring the eroded soils was carried out in Umudike, Southestern Nigeria. The use of grass has attracted considerable research attention with respect to forage production and erosion control. Little information is available on the influence of this grasscover management on soil physical and chemical properties. Four different grasses namely: Paspalum notatum(PN), Panicum maximum(PM), Axonopus compressus(AC) and Vetiver grass(VG)- Vetiveria zizanioid/es) were used in this study and their influence on eroded soil tested in two locations. This study has shown that the soils planted with the grasses gave significantly (p<0.05) higher results of the physical and some chemical properties than their adjacent open bare soil. In all the parameters considered in this study, the values obtained in soils under Paspalum notatum was higher than those obtained in PM, AC, VG and their adjacent bare soils(BS). The soils under PN had generally lower bulk density, higher total porosity and hydraulic conductivity than other grasses and adjacent open bare soil in both locations. The soil under PN proved best, outperforming PM, VG,and AC in stabilizing soil aggregates. Planting of PN on eroded soil significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean weight diameter from 0.77mm (BSPN1) to 1.31mm (PN1) and 0.82mm (BSPN2) to 1.48mm (PN2) for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. The relative improvement in Location 1 was in the order : PN1>AC1=VG1>PM1>BSVG1=BSPN1>BSAC1=BSPM1. Also, soils under PN had significantly higher values of pH, organic C and organic matter, total nitrogen and available P more than other grasses and their adjacent open soils. The magnitude of increase in Location 1 was in the order :PN1>AC1>PM1=VG1>BSVG1=BSPN1=BSAC1>BSPM1. Location 2 also increased in the same trend. The organic carbon content of PN increased from 0.73%(BSPN1) to 2.89%(PN1) and 0.88%(BSPN2) to 2.91%(PN2) in Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Also, the organic matter content of the soil increased in the same trend as organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Impact of soil use on aggregate stability and its relationship with soil organic carbon at two different altitudes in the Colombian Andes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Efraín Francisco Visconti-Moreno ◽  
Ibonne Geaneth Valenzuela-Balcázar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Pool ◽  
Different Altitudes

The stability of soil aggregates depends on the organic matter, and the soil use and management can affect the soil organicmatter (SOM) content. Therefore, it is necessary to know therelationship between aggregate stability and the content of SOMin different types of soil use at two different altitudes of theColombian Andes. This study examined the conditions of soilaggregate stability expressed as a distribution of the size classes of stable aggregates (SA) and of the mean weighted diameter of the stable aggregates (MWD). To correlate these characteristics with the soil organic carbon (OC), we measured the particulate organic matter pool (POC), the OC associated with the mineral organic matter pool (HOC), the total organic carbon content (TOC), and the humification rate (HR). Soils were sampled at two altitudes: 1) Humic Dystrudepts in a cold tropical climate (CC) with three plots: tropical mountain rainforest, pastures, and crops; 2) Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts in a warm tropical climate (WC) with three plots: tropical rainforest, an association of oil palm and pastures, and irrigated rice. Soils were sampled at three depths: 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The physical properties, mineral particle size distribution, and bulk density were measured. The content of SA with size>2.36 mm was higher in the CC soil (51.48%) than in the WC soil (9.23%). The SA with size 1.18-2.36 mm was also higher in the CC soil (7.78%) than in the WC soil (0.62%). The SA with size 0.60-1.18 mm resulted indifferent. The SA with size between 0.30 and 0.60 mm were higher in the WC soil (13.95%) than in the CC soil (4.67%). The SA<0.30 mm was higher in the WC soil (72.56%) than in the CC soil (32.15%). It was observed that MWD and the SA>2.36 mm increased linearly with a higher POC, but decreased linearly with a higher HR. For the SA<0.30 mm, a linear decrease was observed at a higher POC, while it increased at a higher HR.

scholarly journals Microbiological properties and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of an oxisol under coffee with split phosphorus applications and irrigation regimes

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Rodolfo da Costa ◽  
Juliana Hiromi Sato ◽  
Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽  
Géssica Pereira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions

Phosphorus fertilization and irrigation increase coffee production, but little is known about the effect of these practices on soil organic matter and soil microbiota in the Cerrado. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of a dystrophic Red Latossol under coffee and split phosphorus (P) applications and different irrigation regimes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial design with three split P applications (P1: 300 kg ha-1 P2O5, recommended for the crop year, of which two thirds were applied in September and the third part in December; P2: 600 kg ha-1 P2O5, applied at planting and then every two years, and P3: 1,800 kg ha-1 P2O5, the requirement for six years, applied at once at planting), two irrigation regimes (rainfed and year-round irrigation), with three replications. The layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm were sampled to determine microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), enzyme activity of acid phosphatase, the oxidizable organic carbon fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4), and total organic carbon (TOC). The irrigation regimes increased the levels of MBC, microbial activity and acid phosphatase, TOC and oxidizable fractions of soil organic matter under coffee. In general, the form of dividing P had little influence on the soil microbial properties and OC. Only P3 under irrigation increased the levels of MBC and acid phosphatase activity.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of fine particular matter in Changzhou, China and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolian Ye ◽  
Jiashu Liu ◽  
Aijun Gu ◽  
Feifei Feng ◽  
Yuhai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. Knowledge on aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for reduction of air pollution, while such studies haven't been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and polluted city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particular matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in Changzhou city. A suite of analytical techniques were employed to characterize organic carbon / elemental carbon (OC / EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosols (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentrations were found to be 108.3 μg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ~ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (~ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating influences from traffic emissions. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC / EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondarily formed and primarily emitted OA. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to 6.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAHs concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with 5- and 6-rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ~ 20 % PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had an average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O / C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H / C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N / C) and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM / OC) ratios of 0.36, 1.54, 0.11, and 1.74, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a cooking-related OA). On average, the POA contribution overweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions to the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.

scholarly journals Short-Term Decomposition and Nutrient-Supplying Ability of Sewage Sludge Digestate, Digestate Compost, and Vermicompost on Acidic Sandy and Calcareous Loamy Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Nikolett Uzinger ◽  
Orsolya Szécsy ◽  
Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi ◽  
István Padra ◽  
Dániel Benjámin Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Average Residual

Organic waste and the compost and vermicompost derived from it may have different agronomic values, but little work is available on this aspect of sewage sludge. A 75-day pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the test plant aimed to investigate the fertiliser value and organic matter replenishment capacity of digested sewage sludge (DS) and the compost (COM) and vermicompost (VC) made from it, applied in 1% and 3% doses on acidic sand and calcareous loam. The NPK content and availability, changes in organic carbon content and plant biomass, and the efficiency of the amendments as nitrogen fertilisers were investigated. The final average residual carbon content for DS, COM, and VC was 35 ± 34, 85 ± 46, and 55 ± 46%, respectively. The organic carbon mineralisation rate depended on the soil type. The additives induced significant N mineralisation in both soils: the average increment in mineral N content was 1.7 times the total added N on acidic sand and 4.2 times it on calcareous loam for the 1% dose. The agronomic efficiency of COM and VC as fertilisers was lower than that of DS. In the short term, DS proved to be the best fertiliser, while COM was the best for organic matter replenishment.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Chemical Properties in Soil under Wetland Rice through Industrial Effluents

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Golam Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abu Saleque
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Irrigated Rice

A laboratory experiment was conducted in Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during 2010-11 aimed to determine the effects of different industrial effluents on some soil chemical properties under long-term industrial wastewater irrigated rice field. Effluents irrigation created some differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The pH in all soil depth was higher with wastewater irrigated rice field. Irrigation with wastewater increased in all the effluents irrigated rice fields; the electrical conductivity (EC) was remarkable higher with  all soil depth than the control field. In all the rice fields soil (Control + effluents irrigated fields), the organic carbon content (%) started to decrease sharply with the increase in soil depth. Organic carbon content was slightly higher with wastewater irrigated rice soils. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), trace elements (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) were increased through irrigation with wastewater in rice–rice cropping pattern.

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