scholarly journals Clinico-Pathological Investigation of Chicken Coccidiosis at Different Upazila in Bogura District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Md Mofizul Islam ◽  
Md Haydar Ali ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mahfuza Akther ◽  
Md Gausur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gross Lesions

The experiment was conducted with the interest to know the overall condition of coccidiosis in small scale commercial poultry farms at different upazilla in Bogura district and the investigation was done from July to December, 2018. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done for characterizing the clinical signs, recording of gross lesions and collection of different organs mainly the small intestine and the caecum for further histopathological examination. A total of 343 suspected and dead chickens were examined, among them 52 (15.38%) (20.6% in broiler, 10.47% in sonali, 10.25% in layer) chickens were found positive for chicken coccidiosis. The proportional mortality rates were 19.25%, 21.42%, 8.23% and 7.5% respectively in age group of 0-4 weeks, 5-6 weeks, 7-8 weeks and above 8 weeks and the highest value was found in age group of 5- 6 weeks. Depression, ruffled feather, bloody diarrhoea, anaemia, drooping of wings and reduction of feed and water intake were commonly observed. Several gross changes were recorded including enlargement and discoloration of caecum, pinkish or blood mixed catarrhal contents in the intestinal lumen with numerous haemorrhagic lesions over intestinal mucosa. Histopathologically there was architectural destruction of caecum, destroyed and disorganized villi mucosa without any continuation of the lining epithelium. Some facts like farmers knowledge, the bio-safety measures and different protection programs with vaccination against the disease did not properly comply with the approved standards. Thus consideration of such points in management program of coccidiosis can improve the poultry farms of Bogura district. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 267-274,  August 2020

scholarly journals Pathological conditions of avian coccidiosis in the small scale commercial broiler farms in Dinajpur district

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Md Manik Hossain ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Tareq Mussa ◽  
SM Harunur Rashid ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Avian Coccidiosis

The study was designed to investigate the pathological conditions of avian coccidiosis in the small scale commercial broiler farms at different region in Dinajpur district during July, 2012 to December, 2012. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done and the characteristics clinical signs and gross lesions were recorded. Different organs mainly caecum and other parts of intestine were collected, preserved and processed for histopathological examination. Intestinal content was also examined for detection of oocyst. Total 234 diseased and dead birds (from 50 farms) were examined out of which 20 (8.54%) birds were found to be positive for coccidiosis. The clinical signs of the affected birds were bloody diarrhea, anemia, reduction of feed and water intake, drooping wings. At necropsy, enlargement and discoloration of caecum with numerous hemorrhagic spots, blood mixed and reddish to brown intestinal contents in the intestinal lumen, hemorrhage on the intestinal wall and mucosa were found. Histopathological examination revels distortion of normal architecture of intestine and desquamation of lining epithelia, formation of tissue debris on the intestinal mucosa and necrotic cells infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa, degeneration of epithelial cells, glands and intestinal villi. So, outbreaks of coccidiosis in the commercial poultry flocks in Dinajpur district is lower due to farmers are intensely aware of coccidiosis now and they usually use coccidiostats routinely.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 425-431, December 2016

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease in Flocks of Battery Cage Brooding System of Commercial Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Aliyu ◽  
L. Sa’idu ◽  
A. Jamilu ◽  
A. D. Andamin ◽  
S. O. Akpavie
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride

Clinical and pathological investigations were conducted on outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in pullets under brooding using the battery cage system in a commercial poultry farm in Kaduna, Nigeria. Two consecutive outbreaks of IBD on the same farm were studied. The onset of the disease and morbidity and mortality rates were recorded. Postmortem examinations were conducted and gross lesions recorded. Tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. In the first outbreak, 80 to 100% of the chicks were affected at the age of 4 to 5 weeks and mortality rate was 95.8% and lasted for 9 days. In the second outbreak, the mortality rate was 43.3% and it also lasted for 9 days. At the onset of the disease, the birds were also 4-week-old like in case 1. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical signs, pathology, and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). Clinical signs, gross lesions, and histopathological findings were characteristic of virulent infectious bursal disease. After the first outbreak (case 1) the house was disinfected using polidine® (iodophor compound), V-ox® (inorganic peroxygen compounds), CID20® (quaternary ammonium chloride, aldehydes, and alcohol), terminator III® (phenols), and glutasan® (aldehyde and quaternary ammonium chloride). But they failed to eliminate the IBD virus from the poultry pen.

scholarly journals Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) poultry farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Dauda Kwoji ◽  
Jasini Athanda Musa ◽  
Nubwa Daniel ◽  
Dauda Luka Mohzo ◽  
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 cloacal swab samples were collected. This comprised of 24 samples each from broiler chicks, pullets, layers, and broilers (adults). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using conventional microbiological culture and biochemical tests. The pure E. coli isolates were screened for ESBL production by culturing onto BrillianceTM ESBL agar. Isolates that showed positive reactions with production of bluish or pinkish colonies were tested for susceptibilities against some selected β-lactam antibiotics which include cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefpodoxime (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), and ceftazidime (30 μg). Isolates that exhibited resistance to any two or three of the antibiotics were selected and confirmed by combination disk diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg). Results: The total occurrence of E. coli was 67.6% (65/96) with the highest occurrence of 83.3% (20/24) from broiler chicks and least detection of 54.2% (13/24) from layers. Of this, 32.0% were ESBL-producing E. coli with the highest detection rate from layers (38.5%) and least occurrence from pullets (26.7%). Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens from small-scale commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri, thus indicating that chickens may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.

scholarly journals ENDOMETRIOSIS : ENIGMATICAL DIAGNOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sandeep Pophale ◽  
Shreya Chinchoriya
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: The prevalence of endometriosis is seen to be from 10% to 20% in the reproductive age group whereas that of endometriosis is 30% to 70% among women presenting with infertility. In our study the incidence of endometriosis appears to be 6.31%. The objective is study the common presentation in cases of endometriosis and their diagnostic accuracy with the help of radiological modalities . laparoscopy and histopathology remains the gold standard modality to diagnose endometriosis. Methods: A total of 200 patients with adnexal masses in the women of reproductive age group were studied. Endometriosis was identified by laparoscopy in 12 cases and confirmed by histopathological examination. Results: Out of the above 200 patients, 6.31% (12 cases) were diagnosed as cases of endometriosis. Out of which, 25% patients had moderate to severe endometriosis. The ultrasound turned out to be an important method in diagnosing the cases of endometriosis Conclusions: The symptoms and clinical signs should raise the suspicion of pelvic endometriosis.ultrasound plays an important role in diagnosing the cases of endometriosis

scholarly journals Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 infections among 3 species of non-human primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaiyao Lu ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Wenhai Yu ◽  
Yun Yang ◽  
Jiahong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Human Primate

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has recently been announced as a pandemic all over the world. Plenty of diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic knowledges have been enriched from clinical studies since December 2019. However, animal models, particularly non-human primate models, are urgently needed for critical questions that could not be answered in clinical patients, evaluations of anti-viral drugs and vaccines. In this study, two families of non-human primates, Old world monkeys (12 Macaca mulatta, 6 Macaca fascicularis) and New world monkeys (6 Callithrix jacchus), were experimentally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs were recorded. Samples were collected for analysis of viral shedding, viremia and histopathological examination. Increased body temperature was observed in 100% (12/12) M. mulatta, 33.3% (2/6) M. fascicularis and none (0/6) of C. jacchus post inoculation of SARS-CoV-2. All of M. mulatta and M. fascicularis showed chest radiographic abnormality. Viral genomes were detected in nasal swabs, throat swabs, anal swabs and blood from all 3 species of monkeys. Viral shedding from upper respiratory samples reached the peak between day 6 and day 8 post inoculation. From necropsied M. mulatta and M. fascicularis, the tissues showing virus positive were mainly lung, weasand, bronchus and spleen. No viral genome was seen in any of tissues from 2 necropsied C. jacchus. Severe gross lesions and histopathological changes were observed in lung, heart and stomach of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals. In summary, we have established a NHP model for COVID-19, which could be used to evaluate drugs and vaccines, and investigate viral pathogenesis. M. mulatta is the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by M. fascicularis and C. jacchus.One Sentence SummaryM. mulatta is the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared to M. fascicularis and C. jacchus.

scholarly journals Prevalence and pathological investigation of fowl typhoid in commercial poultry farms at the Rajshahi City Corporation area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Abu Bakkar Siddique ◽  
Rashida Khaton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Fowl Typhoid ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rajshahi City ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Fowl typhoid in apparently healthy, sick and dead birds at Rajshahi city corporation area of Bangladesh. A total of 500 birds (50 from each farm) and 30 different organs (liver from 10, ovary from 8, heart from 7, and caecal tonsils from 5) were randomly collected from different commercial poultry farms during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The prevalence study was performed based on history, clinical signs, symptoms exhibited by the individual bird of a flock during the observation of farms, and illness of birds. The suspected birds were subjected to necropsy examination. During sample collection, clinical signs and gross necropsy changes were recorded very carefully. The collected tissues were fixed, processed, sectioned, stained, and studied light microscopically. The routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue-level alterations in Fowl typhoid infected cases. The prevalence of Fowl typhoid in apparently healthy birds of different poultry farms was 8.2%, and 23.33% of organs were involved. Grossly, the liver was enlarged, congested and revealed bronze discoloration with focal necrosis in the surface of the liver. Old raised hemorrhages were found in the caecal tonsils. Congested, deformed, and pedunculated ova were other important findings. Microscopically, the sections of the liver showing multifocal necrosis with infiltration of heterophils and reticulo-endothelial cells. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 201-209, August 2021

scholarly journals PREVENTATIVE EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC (MIACLOST) ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED HYPOCALCEMIC RICKETS IN BROILER CHICKS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461-1474
Author(s):  
N. A. Ameen ◽  
N. R. Abdul Rahman ◽  
A H Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Proliferation Zone ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Normal Thickness ◽  
Experimentally Induced

A trial was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (Miaclost) supplement on experimentally induced hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks, a total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into three equal groups 60 chicks per group with 3 replicates (20 birds /replicate) the dietary treatments consisted of a normal ration for G1, calcium-deficient ration 5% for G2 and calcium-deficient ration with addition of probiotics in drinking water for G3.Initial signs of rickets have been observed at 35-day of age in G2.while, in G1 and G3 no clinical signs observed, the gross lesions appeared enlargement of parathyroid gland, costochondral junction and increase in the width of growth plate of tibial bone of G2 whereas no gross lesions recorded in G1 and G3, the histopathological examination of parathyroid gland in G2 there were a focal parathyroid hyperplasia and increasing in numbers of syncytial cells and normal in G1 and G3, no intestinal histopathological changes in G1 and G2 and increase in height and width of the intestinal villi  in probiotic group G3. Marked increase in the thickness of proliferation zone within growth plate of tibia bone in G2 and normal thickness in G1 and G3. the serum biochemical analysis of calcium of G2 recorded significantly low level in G2 and high level in G3  comparatively with G1, finally the serum alkaline phosphatase values were high significantly in G2 and normal in G3, it is concluded that probiotic (MiaClost) can be used as prophylaxis to prevent hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks

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