scholarly journals Prevalence and pathological investigation of fowl typhoid in commercial poultry farms at the Rajshahi City Corporation area of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Abu Bakkar Siddique ◽  
Rashida Khaton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Fowl Typhoid ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rajshahi City ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Fowl typhoid in apparently healthy, sick and dead birds at Rajshahi city corporation area of Bangladesh. A total of 500 birds (50 from each farm) and 30 different organs (liver from 10, ovary from 8, heart from 7, and caecal tonsils from 5) were randomly collected from different commercial poultry farms during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The prevalence study was performed based on history, clinical signs, symptoms exhibited by the individual bird of a flock during the observation of farms, and illness of birds. The suspected birds were subjected to necropsy examination. During sample collection, clinical signs and gross necropsy changes were recorded very carefully. The collected tissues were fixed, processed, sectioned, stained, and studied light microscopically. The routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue-level alterations in Fowl typhoid infected cases. The prevalence of Fowl typhoid in apparently healthy birds of different poultry farms was 8.2%, and 23.33% of organs were involved. Grossly, the liver was enlarged, congested and revealed bronze discoloration with focal necrosis in the surface of the liver. Old raised hemorrhages were found in the caecal tonsils. Congested, deformed, and pedunculated ova were other important findings. Microscopically, the sections of the liver showing multifocal necrosis with infiltration of heterophils and reticulo-endothelial cells. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 201-209, August 2021

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOWL CHOLERA

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida W. Pritchett ◽  
F. R. Beaudette ◽  
T. P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Serum Agglutination ◽  
Healthy Carriers

Field studies of fowl cholera on two commercial poultry farms are described. One farm, previously free of cholera, was studied during an active epidemic, which occurred during the winter months. The strains of P. avicida recovered, both from "autopsy" and from "healthy carriers" proved generally similar, and to be of the "fluorescent" or "intermediate" colony type, which is of relatively high virulence. After the subsidence of the epidemic, these strains tended to disappear. The second flock consisted of a small group of birds which had survived an epidemic of cholera the previous year, and in which the infection was prevailing in endemic form. No deaths occurred during the period of observation, but the number of birds with localized lesions and the number of carriers increased to a high level during the winter months. The strains of P. avicida were apparently of the "blue" colony form, although some, as shown by their acid and serum agglutination reactions, resembled the "intermediates." These strains appeared to be spreading rather than dying out. The individual fowls differed in their response to the presence of infection; some showed localized lesions, others were carriers, while still others seemed entirely refractory.

scholarly journals Clinico-Pathological Investigation of Chicken Coccidiosis at Different Upazila in Bogura District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Md Mofizul Islam ◽  
Md Haydar Ali ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mahfuza Akther ◽  
Md Gausur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Gross Lesions

The experiment was conducted with the interest to know the overall condition of coccidiosis in small scale commercial poultry farms at different upazilla in Bogura district and the investigation was done from July to December, 2018. A thorough clinical and necropsy examination was done for characterizing the clinical signs, recording of gross lesions and collection of different organs mainly the small intestine and the caecum for further histopathological examination. A total of 343 suspected and dead chickens were examined, among them 52 (15.38%) (20.6% in broiler, 10.47% in sonali, 10.25% in layer) chickens were found positive for chicken coccidiosis. The proportional mortality rates were 19.25%, 21.42%, 8.23% and 7.5% respectively in age group of 0-4 weeks, 5-6 weeks, 7-8 weeks and above 8 weeks and the highest value was found in age group of 5- 6 weeks. Depression, ruffled feather, bloody diarrhoea, anaemia, drooping of wings and reduction of feed and water intake were commonly observed. Several gross changes were recorded including enlargement and discoloration of caecum, pinkish or blood mixed catarrhal contents in the intestinal lumen with numerous haemorrhagic lesions over intestinal mucosa. Histopathologically there was architectural destruction of caecum, destroyed and disorganized villi mucosa without any continuation of the lining epithelium. Some facts like farmers knowledge, the bio-safety measures and different protection programs with vaccination against the disease did not properly comply with the approved standards. Thus consideration of such points in management program of coccidiosis can improve the poultry farms of Bogura district. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 267-274,  August 2020

scholarly journals POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF SULPHONAMIDE COCCIDIOSTATS WITH ENHANCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHICKEN TO INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
P. A. Okiki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Very High ◽  
Precipitating Factor ◽  
Precipitation Test ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Infections bursal disease (IBD) outbreak in 3 commercial poultry farms were reported. The diagnosis of the disease was based on clinical signs and pathological lesions, following by laboratory confirmation by the Ouchterlony agar precipitation test. All the affected chickens were from vaccinated flocks. Very high mortality and morbidity were recorded: 61% mortality form flocks where coccidiosis were used compared with 31% and 32% mortalities from flocks where coccidiosis vaccines were used. A retrospective and prospective investigation of mortality patterns in the rearing flocks of these three farms, without IBD outbreak between 1999 and 2002 indicated 8.3% average mortality when sulphonamide coccidiostats were used as against 4.3% average mortality when coccidiosis vaccines were used. It is suggested that sulponamide coccidiostats administration might be a precipitating factor of the heavy losses recorded during IBD outbreak.

STUDYING SOME CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POSMATURE BABIES CARED IN NICU AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Thi Kieu Nhi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Individual

Objectives: 1. Estimating the ratios of clinical and paraclinical signs of post-term newborns hospitalized at Pediatric Department of Hue University Hospital. 2. Identifying the relation between clinical signs and paraclinical signs. Materials and Method: 72 post- term babies < 7 days of life hospitalized at NICU from 2010/5 to 2011/4. Classification of post - term newborn was based on WHO 2003: gestational age ≥ 42 weeks with clinical manifestations: desquamation on press with fingers or natural desquamation, withered or meconial umbilicus, meconial long finger nails (*) or geatational age still < 42 weeks with theses clinical manifestations (*). Data were recorded on a clinical record form. Per-protocol analysis of clinical outcomes was performed by using Medcalc 11.5 and Excell 2007. Analyses used the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical data; Student's t test was used for continuous data and the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Data were presented as means or proportions with 95% CIs. Results: Clinical characteristics: Tachypnea and grasp were main reasons of hospitalisation (48.61%). Poor feeding, vomitting (16.67%). Asphyxia (8.34%). Jawndice (6.94%). Hypothermia < 36.50C (13.89%), fever (13.89%). Tachypnea (59.72%). Bradycardia (1.39%). Poor feeding (11.11%). Hypertonia (9.72%). Paraclinical characteristics: Erythrocytes < 4.5.1012/l (51.39%), Leucocytes 5 – 25.103/mm3 (81.94%), Thrombocytes 100- 400.103/mm3 (94.44%). Hemoglobinemia < 10mg/l (67.61%). Maternal characteristics: Menstrual cycles regular (75%). Primiparity (75%). Amniotic volume average (70.42%), little (29.58%). Aminiotic liquid clair (62.5%), aminiotic liquid yellow (4.17%), aminiotic meconial liquid (33.33%). Maternal manifestation of one of many risk factors consist of genital infection; urinary infection; fever before, during, after 3 days of birth; prolonged delivery; medical diseases influence the foetus (75%). The relation between clinical signs and paraclinical signs: There was significantly statistical difference: between gestationnal age based on obstetrical criteria and amniotic volume on ultrasound (p < 0.05); between birth weight and glucosemia p < 0.02). There was conversional correlation of average level between erythroctes number and respiratory rate (r = - 0.5158; p < 0,0001), concordance correlation of weak level betwwen leucocytes number and respiratory rate r = 0.3045; p = 0.0093). Conclusion: It should made diagnosis of postterm baby based on degree of desquamation. The mother who has menstrual cycles regular is still delivered of a postterm baby. A postterm baby has the individual clinical and paraclinical signs.

scholarly journals Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽  
Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽  
Clara Marin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phage Isolation ◽  
Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

Prevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae and Its Impact on Productivity in Commercial Poultry Farms in Quebec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bergeron ◽  
Ghislain Hébert ◽  
Martin C. Pelletier ◽  
Hugh Y. Cai ◽  
Marie-Eve Brochu-Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals Ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis of Dorper sheep in South Africa : a study on its aetiology and clinical features

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kidanemariam ◽  
J. Gouws ◽  
M. Van Vuuren ◽  
B. Gummow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Dorper Sheep ◽  
Arcanobacterium Pyogenes ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Ovine ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep of the Dorper breed has been observed in South Africa since 1979. Its aetiology has not been conclusively resolved, and there is some discrepancy in descriptions of its clinical features. In order to identify the pathogenic microorganism / s that contribute to the occurrence of the disease, the microflora in the genital tracts of both clinically healthy and affected sheep were isolated and compared. Bacteriological examination of materials from affected and unaffected sheep resulted in the isolation of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from 44.2 % and 17.2 % of them respectively. This difference is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Seventy-four per cent of the isolates originated from severe clinical cases. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 49.3 % of 116 clinically normal sheep and 78.2%of 104 affected sheep. There were significant differences in their rates of isolation in clinical groups (P < 0.05). Of all the mycoplasma isolates, Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony variant (MmmLC) was isolated from 61.5 % of clinically diseased sheep while 6.0 % of the isolates were from apparently healthy animals (P < 0.05). The study threw light on the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the genital tract of apparently healthy sheep and, at the same time the identity of the mycoplasma pathogen associated with ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis was revealed. The findings of this investigation therefore confirmed the involvement of mycoplasma, particularly that of MmmLC large colony, in the disease in Dorper sheep in South Africa, and it was concluded that this microorganism is an important pathogen of balanitis and vulvitis in them. The study furthermore demonstrated a probable synergism between A. pyogenes and MmmLC. Finding these 2 organisms together occurred 53.4 times more frequently in the affected sheep than in the unaffected, which emphasises the probable multifactorial nature of the disease. The association between age and the presence of clinical signs was statistically significant. It was found that young sheep were more likely to have lesions than adult sheep. Clinical observations showed that the typical ulceration appears to be confined to the glans penis and lips of the vulva; no ulceration was observed on the shaft of the penis and prepuce or vaginal vestibule. In uncomplicated cases inflammation of the prepuce and vaginal vestibule is not a regular feature of the disease. Therefore the names ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis most accurately describe the nature of the disease in South Africa.

scholarly journals Investigation ofClostridium botulinumin commercial poultry farms in France between 2011 and 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Souillard ◽  
C. Woudstra ◽  
C. Le Maréchal ◽  
M. Dia ◽  
M. H. Bayon-Auboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals Clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects of outbreaks of bluetongue disease in sheep in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443-1452
Author(s):  
Ronaldo M. Bianchi ◽  
Welden Panziera ◽  
Tatiane C. Faccin ◽  
Gisane L. de Almeida ◽  
Juliana F. Cargnelutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Facial Swelling

ABSTRACT: This article describes the clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects of 17 outbreaks of bluetongue (BT) disease in sheep occurring between December 2014 and July 2015 in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), southern Brazil. Affected farms were visited for clinical examination, necropsy, sample collection and epidemiological investigation. The outbreaks were seasonal and occurred during the summer and autumn. A total of 180 sheep (20.4%) out of 884 in 17 small herds were affected. All ages of Texel and mixed breed sheep were affected. However, lambs (younger than one year) had higher morbidity than adult sheep. The most frequent clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, loss of body condition, facial swelling mainly involving the lips, and greenish seromucous or mucous nasal discharge. Pulmonary lesions characterized by edema were the most prevalent findings; however, erosive and ulcerative lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as well as cardiac, skeletal muscle and esophageal striated muscle necrosis, and hemorrhage in the pulmonary artery were also frequent. The bluetongue virus (BTV) genome was detected by RT-PCR in blood and tissue samples (spleen and lungs) of 21 animals from 17 outbreaks. The virus involved in the outbreak 3 was subsequently isolated and shown to belong to serotype 17, for the first time reported in Brazil. In summary, our data support the BTV genotype 17 as the etiological agent of the outbreaks and indicate that the central region of RS is an area at risk for BT in sheep, a disease previously not recognized in the region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document