scholarly journals Distribution of Bacterial Strains and their Antibiotic Sensityvity Profile in an Urban Referral Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
M Bulbul Hasan ◽  
S Gul Nahar ◽  
M Nawshad Ali ◽  
Mst Rokeya Khatun ◽  
Chinmoy Kanti Das
Keyword(s):  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Then Present study was done to assess the distribution of bacterial pathogens with their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in an urban referral hospital in RMCH. A total of 393 bacteria strains were isolated from various specimens over a 10-months period. The majority of the organisms were Escherichia coli (33.33%) followed by Klebsiella species (27.48%), staphylococcus aureus (17.05%), Acinetobcter species (8.14%), Pseudomonas species (7.12%), and others. The third-generation Cephalosporins like Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin of various Enterobacteriaceae was only between 33-40% compared to 52.8-37.9% against Gentamicin. Majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Ampicillin, whereas almost all of the Enterobacteriaceae (94-100%) were sensitive to Imipenem. About 97.0% Acinetobacter species were susceptible to Imipenem. Sensitivity of the organism (Acinetobacter) to third-generation Cephalosporins ranged between 50-56%, whereas 40.6% were found sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Co-trimixazole, Cephalexin and Ampicillin ranged between 9.3% to 34.3%. About 93.0% of Pseudomonas species were sensitive to Imipenem. The rate of susceptibility to Gentamicin and Netilmicin was higher than those of the Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone (37.8% and 53.5% vc. 39.2%). About 70% of isolated S. aureus were resistane of Oxacillin but all were sensitive to Vancomycin. The result of this study would help the physicians to make a judicious choice of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes.TAJ 2012; 25: 72-76

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from an Urban Referral Hospital in Dhaka City

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
M Mushfequr Rahman ◽  
J Ashraful Haq ◽  
MAH Golam Morshed ◽  
Farida Huq
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First And Second Generation

The present study was to assess the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria in an urban referral hospital in Dhaka City. A total of 393 bacterial strains were isolated from various specimens over a l0-months period. The majority of the organisms were Escherichia coli Q3.33oh) followed by Klebsiella species (27.480 ), Staphylococcas aureus (l7.Oioh),Lcinetobacter species (8.l4yo), Pseudomonas species (7.l2Yo), and others. The thirdgeneration Cephalosporins Hke Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime were sensitive against 45-66yo isolated Enterobacteriaceae. The first- and second-generation Cephalosporins were less effective. The sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin of various Enterobacteriaceae was only between 33-4Oo compared to 52.8-67.9Vo against Gentamicin. Majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to Ampicillin, whereas almost all of the Enterobacteriaceae (94-100%o) were sensitive to Imipenem. Ahont97.UY;s Acinetobacter species were susceptible to Imipenem. Sensitivity of the organism (Acinetobacter) to third-generation Cephalosporins ranged between 50-560 , whereas 40.60/o were found sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Ampicillin ranged between 9.3oh to 34.30 . About 93.0%o of Pseudomonas species were sensitive to Imipenem. The rate of susceptibility to Gentamicin and Netilmicin was higher than those of the Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone (67.80/o and, 53.57o vs, 39.2yo), About 707o of isolated S. aureus were resistant to OxacilHn but all were sensitive to Vancomycin. The result of this study would help the physicians to make a judicious choice of,.anti.biotics for therapeutic purposes.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; O2 (02):7-ll

Third-Generation and Investigational Cephalosporins: I. Structure-Activity Relationships and Pharmacokinetic Review

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Garzone ◽  
James Lyon ◽  
Victor L. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
New Agents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Fluid Penetration ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum

The structure-relationships and pharmacokinetic properties of the new second- and third-generation cephalosporins are reviewed. The new second-generation cephalosporins include ceforanide, cefotiam, and cefuroxime. The third-generation cephalosporins include cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and moxalactam. These new cephalosporins are semisynthetic analogs with different chemical substitutions on a 7-aminocephalosporanic nucleus. As a result of these chemical modifications, improvements in the antibacterial spectrum as well as pharmacokinetic properties have occurred. In general, the new cephalosporins have longer half-lives, higher and prolonged serum concentrations, and increased cerebrospinal fluid penetration. Selected cephalosporins also have increased biliary tract concentrations. A classification scheme for these new agents, based on generation and susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is presented.

scholarly journals Prevalence, etiology, and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial bloodstream infections in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India: A 4-year study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Khurana ◽  
Nidhi Bhardwaj ◽  
Minu Kumari ◽  
Rajesh Malhotra ◽  
Purva Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Species

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to life-threatening sepsis and are globally associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although BSIs require immediate antimicrobial treatment, their prevalence, etiology, and antimicrobial susceptibilities differ from one country to other. There is a dearth of such data from India. Here, we report the 4-year etiologic data on BSI in trauma patients admitted to a tertiary care referral hospital in New Delhi, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at the trauma center between January 2013 and December 2016. The routine microbiological data on bacterial BSI were recorded and determined retrospectively from the laboratory records. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2017 bacterial strains isolated from blood culture samples were included for microbiological analysis. During the study, the median age of the patients varied from 30 to 35 years, with the percentage of females in the study population varying from 17% to 19%. The predominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, with Acinetobacter species, followed by Klebsiella species being the most commonly isolated organisms throughout the 4 years of study. Among Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus species were the leading pathogens (11%–15%). CONCLUSIONS: A detailed analysis of prevalence, etiology of BSIs in India and its resistance profile is crucial for appropriate antibiotic use, clinical management, and formulation of antibiotic policies and preventive measures.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism with highly sensitive assay of blood TTH: clinical review and practical recommendations for use in Russia and USA

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
J. Figge ◽  
G. A. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Almost All

Highly sensitive methods for determining the level of TSH, carried out using test kits of the second and third generation, make it possible to differentiate with high accuracy the normal and subnormal levels of TSH in the blood and are currently widely used to examine patients with thyroid pathology. These methods have been used for a long time in clinical practice in the United States of America, and recently they are also increasingly used in Russia. The level of TSH below normal values ​​is determined in almost all cases of hyperthyroidism (with the exception of cases of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma or resistance of the pituitary to thyroid hormones), which makes it possible to do without additional testing with tyroliberin (TRH). Methods for determining second generation TSH usually have a lower sensitivity limit of about 0.1 mU/L. When using the third generation methods, it is possible to accurately determine the level of TSH up to 0.01 mU/L. The fourth generation methods, which are still under development, will have a lower limit of determination of 0.001 mU/L, but they are unlikely to be used for routine clinical studies in the near future. At the Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in Moscow, third-generation methods are currently being used for routine clinical research (the Amerlight system, produced in Russia by the Amerkard joint venture). In addition to this system, other test systems of both domestic and foreign production are also available in Russia. In the USA, methods for determining TTG of the second and third generation are used. Third-generation systems are noticeably more expensive than second-generation systems. Given that in most patients with hyperthyroidism, the TSH level is in the range of less than 0.1 mU/L, methods for determining the third generation are more preferable. In general, the normal level of TSH in the blood of individuals in a state of euthyroidism is from 0.5 to 5.0 mU/L, although there are some interlaboratory differences in the standards for the level of TSH.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial point prevalence surveys in two Ghanaian hospitals: opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kwame Afriyie ◽  
Israel A Sefah ◽  
Jacqueline Sneddon ◽  
William Malcolm ◽  
Rachel McKinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Surgical Prophylaxis ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Guideline Compliance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract Background Improved knowledge regarding antimicrobial use in Ghana is needed to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This includes point prevalence studies (PPSs) in hospitals. Objectives were to: (i) provide baseline data in two hospitals [Keta Municipal Hospital (KMH) and Ghana Police Hospital (GPH)] and identify priorities for improvement; (ii) assess the feasibility of conducting PPSs; and (iii) compare results with other studies. Methods Standard PPS design using the Global PPS paper forms, subsequently transferred to their template. Training undertaken by the Scottish team. Quality indicators included: rationale for use; stop/review dates; and guideline compliance. Results Prevalence of antibiotic use was 65.0% in GPH and 82.0% in KMH. Penicillins and other β-lactam antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed in both hospitals, with third-generation cephalosporins mainly used in GPH. Antibiotic treatment was mainly empirical and commonly administered intravenously, duration was generally short with timely oral switching and infections were mainly community acquired. Encouragingly, there was good documentation of the indications for antibiotic use in both hospitals and 50.0%–66.7% guideline compliance (although for many indications no guideline existed). In addition, almost all prescribed antibiotics had stop dates and there were no missed doses. The duration of use for surgical prophylaxis was generally more than 1 day (69.0% in GPH and 77.0% in KMH). Conclusions These two hospitals were the first in Ghana to use the Global PPS system. We found the PPS was feasible, relatively rapid and achieved with limited training. Targets for improvement identified included reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotics and duration of treatment.

scholarly journals Bacterial isolates from burn wound infections and their antibiograms: A eight-year study

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Mehta Manjula ◽  
Dutta Priya ◽  
Gupta Varsha
Keyword(s):  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Burns Unit

ABSTRACT Background:Infection is an important cause of mortality in burns. Rapidly emerging nosocomial pathogens and the problem of multi-drug resistance necessitates periodic review of isolation patterns and antibiogram in the burn ward. Aim:Keeping this in mind, the present retrospective study from wounds of patients admitted to burns unit was undertaken to determine the bacteriological profile and the resistance pattern from the burn ward over a period of three years (June 2002 to May 2005) and was compared with the results obtained during the previous five years (June 1997-May 2002), to ascertain any change in the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern. Materials and Methods:Bacterial isolates from 268 wound swabs taken from burn patients were identified by conventional biochemical methods and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed. Statistical comparison of bacterial isolates and their resistance pattern with previous five years data was done using c2 test.Results and Conclusions:During the period from 2002 to 2005 Pseudomonas species was the commonest pathogen isolated (51.5%) followed by Acinetobacter species (14.28%), Staph. aureus (11.15%), Klebsiella species (9.23%) and Proteus species (2.3%). When compared with the results of the previous five years i.e., 1997 to 2002, Pseudomonas species was still the commonest pathogen in the burns unit. However, the isolation of this organism and other gram-negative organisms had decreased in comparison to previous years. Newer drugs were found to be effective.

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