Role of Plant Volatile to Diaphorina citri on Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour

Citrus production in Indonesia and in the world is suffered from disease of citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD. It was vectored by psylids (Diaphorina citri). The psylids used citrus plant volatiles as cues for finding their host plants for feeding and laying eggs. Extract of guava leaves was a prospective control material for declaining population of psyllid. Investigation by research was conducted to determine the effect of CVPD symptomatic citrus plants in attracting psylids gravid female for staying and laying eggs, and also to determine the repellency ability of guava shoots to adult psyllids. Citrus buds of healthy plants and CVPD symptomatic plants were exposed to ten gravid female and the number of psylids stay and the number of eggs per bud was recorded. Y-tube olfactometer was used to determine repellent effect of upper shoot, middle shoot, and bottom shoot of guava leave to ten adult psyllids. The result shows that CVPD symptomatic plants was more attractive for laying eggs, eventhough the number of eggs was higher on healthy plants. Repellence effect to psyllids adult was identified in guava leave extracts. The increase of leaf age would decrease the effect. It was suggested that repellent properties was highest youngest leaf or upper shoots of guava.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ORAL EMULGEL CONTAINING PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN. LEAVES EXTRACT (A PREVENTIVE ORAL CARE PREPARATION)

Objective: The present research work is based to establish the formulation and evaluation of herbal oral emulgel containing extracts of powdered Psidium guajava Linn. leaves extract. Methods: The guava leaves were collected and extracted by cold maceration process using different solvents, further ethanolic extract was used for the emulgel preparation. Emulsion and gel phase were prepared separately and mixed together in ratio of 1:1. Results: Different formulations ere developed and evaluated for the physical appearance, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, viscosity, extrudability, antibacterial activity, and in vitro skin permeability studies. In all formulated emulgel containing P. guajava Linn. Leaves, extract F2 formulation gives all satisfactory results as in discuss in this paper. Conclusion: Overall, concluded that the extract might contain anti-bacterial properties and further tests are required to prove for oral care activity using other in vivo or in vitro techniques.

Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Air(Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) SecaraIn Vitro

Cholesterol is a natural substance that has physical properties similar to fat but has the formula steroids. Cholesterol belongs to the non-hydrolyzed lipid group and is the main sterol in body tissues. When cholesterol levels increase, it can cause blockages in blood vessels. Several studies have explained that one of the compounds that can reduce cholesterol is flavonoid compounds, one of the plants containing flavonoid compounds is guava leaf (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston). The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and percent reduction in cholesterol levels and the EC50 value of the ethanol extract of guava leaves (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 665 nm. Anticholesterol activity analysis was carried out using Lieberman-Burchard reagent with a test solution series of 150; 300; 450; 600; and 750 ppm. The results showed that the greater the concentration, the lower the absorbance produced and the higher the percent reduction in cholesterol levels. At a concentration of 750 ppm cholesterol decreased by 58.74%. And the obtained EC50 value of 462 ppm, which means at that concentration the ethanol extract of guava leaves (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) can reduce 50% of the initial cholesterol.Keywords:Cholesterol, Guava leaf, In Vitro, Spectrophotometry UV-Vis, Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston. AbstrakKolesterol merupakan suatu zat alami yang memiliki sifat fisik hampir sama dengan lemak tetapi memiliki rumus steroida. Kolesterol adalah sterol utama yang ada pada jaringan tubuh dan termasuk dalam golongan lipid yang tidak terhidrolisis. Apabila kadar kolesterol mengalami kenaikan, dapat menyebabkan penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah. Dari beberapa penelitian dijelaskan bahwa salah satu senyawa yang dapat menurunkan kolesterol adalah flavonoid, salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid adalah daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan persen penurunan kadar kolesterol serta nilai EC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) secara in vitro menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 665 nm. Analisis aktivitas antikolesterol dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi Lieberman-Burchard dengan seri larutan sampeli 150; 300; 450; 600; dan 750 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar konsentrasi, absorbansi yang dihasilkan adalah semakin rendah dan persen penurunan kadar kolesterolnya semakin tinggi. Pada konsentrasi 750 ppm terjadi penurunan kolesterol sebesar 58,74%. Dan diperoleh nilai EC50 sebesar 462 ppm yang artinya pada konsentrasi tersebut ekstrak etanol daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston) dapat menurunkan 50% dari kolesterol awal.Kata kunci: Daun jambu air;Kolesterol;In Vitro;Spektrofotometri UV-Vis;Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.)Alston

Effectiveness of Guava Leaf Steep water against the bacterial growth of S. Mutans with Microdillution Method

Indonesia is famously known for its rich plant biodiversity with medicinal properties. Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) is one of medicinal plants which can be used as alternative for treating diseases. Guava leaf contains flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, that can act as inhibitors against bacteria, antioxidants, and antibacterial. Numerous dental and oral diseases are caused by bacteria, one of which is dental caries. Principally, dental caries can be prevented by maintaining the oral cavity hygiene, chemically or mechanically, using antiseptics possessing antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of guava leaves steep water against S. Mutans bacterium using microdilution method. The aim also included the investigation of inhibition concentration of guava leaves steep water. This research was experimental in nature, by using the guava leaves steep water as the sample with various concentrations (0.753%, 1.563%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%). S. Mutans was obtained from the laboratory of veterinary Universitas Syiah Kuala (Unsyiah). The results of this research revealed that the guava leaves steep water was effective in inhibiting S. Mutans with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 6.25% In conclusion, we would like to investigate the guava leaves steep water as a mouthwash in our research with a preclinical trial.

Characteristics of Nano Zn-Fitogenik (NZF) made by green synthesis process using guava leaves (Psidium guajava) for feed additives

The main objective of this study was to characterize (chemical, biological, and physical) of Nano Zn-Fitogenik (NZF) synthesized using guava leaves (P. guajava) extracted using water. Among the stages conducted in the study were extraction of guava leaves, NZF biosynthesis using green synthesis method, and evaluation of NZF characteristics. Parameters detected in the evaluation of the chemical and biological characteristics of the NZF used a completely randomized experimental (CRD) design using 2 main factors (unheated water versus hot water), where each experimental unit was repeated 3 times. The results of this study revealed that chemical characterization study showed that NZF contained 0.15% dry matter (DM) of total phenol, 12.68% DM Zn, and 22.12 mg ml−1 of antioxidant activity (IC50). NZF had the ability as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteridis. FTIR analysis showed that NZF contained phytogenic compounds sourced from guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava). It can be concluded that NZF is a nanoparticle containing Zn and phytogenic compounds (total phenol) which function as an antioxidant and antibacterial. Therefore, NZF has the potential to be used as a feed additive.

Sustainable Education with Local-Wisdom Based Natural Reagent for Green Chemical Analysis with a Smart Device: Experiences in Thailand

To minimize chemical waste and protect the environment, our team has used green analysis with natural reagents. In this work, we designed a natural-reagent assay kit for iron determination and implemented it in chemistry education in Thailand. The iron assay method was adapted from Thai local wisdom of testing water quality using guava leaves. The guava leaf powder served as a natural reagent in the assay. The kit included equipment, standard and buffer solutions and a manual. A smart device with a built-in camera was used as a detector. Educators in six universities in Thailand implemented the kit in laboratories with modifications depending on their learning outcomes. The kit implementation was evaluated using a survey with questions in four aspects: usability, learning achievement, green chemistry and portability. The high average scores for all questions (> 4.00 of 5.00 points), with the average overall score of 4.53 ± 0.60, indicated satisfaction regarding in all aspects. Using a locally available bio-resource as a natural reagent for green analysis in chemistry education supported sustainable education in Thailand, in terms of quality education (SDG 4) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) and environmental sustainability (SDG 6—Clean water and sanitation, 12—Responsible consumption and production and 14—Life be-low water).

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN JAMUR TULAR BENIH KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogeae L.) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH BENIH

Seedborne diseases on peanut seeds can be controlled by using plant leaf extracts which applied by seed treatment. The plants leaf used, such as: sambiloto leaves extract, bay leaves extract, basil leaves extract and guava leaves extract. The aim of this research is to study the effect of application several plants leaf extract and obtain the best extract to control seedborne fungal pathogens on peanut seeds and its effect to germination of peanut seeds. The research has been conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Disease and Greenhouse Experimental Farm at Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru. This research has been conducted experimentally by using a completely randomed design (CRD), consisting of 5 treatments, namely: without application of plants leaf extract (E0), sambiloto leaves extract 30% (E1), bay leaves extract 30% (E2), basil leaves extract 30% (E3) and guava leaves extract 30% (E4). The data obtained were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance and to compare the mean of treatments, and Tukey’s test at level 5% was applied. The result obtained 5 isolate seedborne fungus on peanut seeds. The results showed that application of basil leaves extract was able to inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia sp. (30.25%), Macrophomina sp. (41,00%), Rhizopus sp. (20,25%) and Aspergillus sp. (15,00%), the extract of bay leaves had a higher inhibition of Aspergillus sp. (31.25%). The application of bay leaves extract resulted in a better germination rate of (93.00%). The application of the four plants leaf extract were not able to affect the total normal germination seeds and seedling height.

POTENSI NANGKA DAN JAMBU BIJI DALAM PENYEMBUHAN DIARE OLEH MASYARAKAT PERUMAHAN SOSA, PADANG LAWAS SUMATERA UTARA

This study aims to determine the potential of jackfruit and guava leaves as diarrhea medicine in Lubuk Bunut Village, Huta Raja Tinggi District, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra. This research is explorative in nature, using interviews and questionnaires to the community. Based on the results of interviews and surveys, it was found that two types of plants, namely jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) were used by the community as herbal medicines to cure diarrheal diseases