scholarly journals Role of Plant Volatile to Diaphorina citri on Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-651
Author(s):  
Mofit Eko Poerwanto
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Prospective Control ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Guava Leaves

Citrus production in Indonesia and in the world is suffered from disease of citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD. It was vectored by psylids (Diaphorina citri). The psylids used citrus plant volatiles as cues for finding their host plants for feeding and laying eggs. Extract of guava leaves was a prospective control material for declaining population of psyllid. Investigation by research was conducted to determine the effect of CVPD symptomatic citrus plants in attracting psylids gravid female for staying and laying eggs, and also to determine the repellency ability of guava shoots to adult psyllids. Citrus buds of healthy plants and CVPD symptomatic plants were exposed to ten gravid female and the number of psylids stay and the number of eggs per bud was recorded. Y-tube olfactometer was used to determine repellent effect of upper shoot, middle shoot, and bottom shoot of guava leave to ten adult psyllids. The result shows that CVPD symptomatic plants was more attractive for laying eggs, eventhough the number of eggs was higher on healthy plants. Repellence effect to psyllids adult was identified in guava leave extracts. The increase of leaf age would decrease the effect. It was suggested that repellent properties was highest youngest leaf or upper shoots of guava.

scholarly journals Predicting the establishment of Diaphorina citri and Tamarixia radiata on Citrus x aurantiifolia orchards based on the plant–psyllid–parasitoid interaction on Murraya paniculata

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorys T. Chirinos ◽  
Italo M. Cuadros ◽  
Junior Velez ◽  
Rossana Castro ◽  
Ginger Sornoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The insect vector of Huanglongbing, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Lividae) was detected in Ecuador in 2013 and its main parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was reported for the first time in 2017. In the citrus production region of Manabí province, Ecuador, D. citri and T. radiata were reported for the first time on Murraya paniculata L. in 2016 and 2018, respectively. D. citri was first found infesting Citrus x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle in Manabí province at the end of 2018. The present study was conducted between August 2018 and May 2021 to: (1) monitor D. citri populations on M. paniculata and C. x aurantiifolia and determine the parasitism rates of T. radiata on D. citri nymphs on both host plants, (2) establish the occurrence of T. radiata parasitizing D. citri on C. x aurantiifolia, and (3) calculate a predictive model for estimating the number of parasitized nymphs on a planting lot of M. paniculata and a C. aurantiifolia orchard. Results Diaphorina citri populations on M. paniculata decreased from 11 nymphs (2018–2019) to approximately 2 nymphs per flush (2020). This was associated with a natural increase in parasitism rates of T. radiata from 20% (2018) to 96% in 2020. The regression equation (Y = 2.049Ln (x) + 5.88) was able to estimate the number of parasitized D. citri nymphs based on parasitism on M. paniculata (R2: 0.8315). Tamarixia radiata was first detected on C. x aurantiifolia in July 2020. Populations of D. citri reached 55 nymphs per flush (no parasitism) and subsequently decreased to the minimum level of 14 nymphs per flush (parasitism rates of up to 31%). The model allowed estimating the number of parasitized nymphs by T. radiata on M. paniculata and C. x aurantiifolia, with a maximum deviation of approximately 2 nymphs. Conclusions Based on the colonization and establishment of the psyllid–parasitoid interaction on M. paniculata, it is estimated that approximately by the end of 2022, populations of D. citri on C. x aurantiifolia would decline due to the highest percentages of parasitism by T. radiata. High parasitism rates may indicate the potential of T. radiata in conservation biological control and integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

scholarly journals STUDY OF POSSIBILITIES TO ESTABLISH REGIONAL TRANSPORT TERMINAL IN KAUNAS

Transport ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintautas Labanauskas ◽  
Ramūnas Palšaitis
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Regional Transport ◽  
Business System ◽  
The Creation

The article describes the creation of regional transport terminals and their usage as a tool to control material flows in the distribution channels. In the first part of the article the authors analyze the role of intermodal transport terminal within international business system, legal aspects of Lithuanian and EU regulations as well as the laws of Lithuanian transport regional transport terminal establishment in Kaunas. The evaluation of alternative locations for establishment of terminal in Kaunas region is presented.

scholarly journals Dodder-transmitted mobile signals prime host plants for enhanced salt tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalan Li ◽  
Jingxiong Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Nian Liu ◽  
Guojing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Systemic Signals

Abstract The dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are a genus of shoot parasites. In nature, a dodder often simultaneously parasitizes two or more neighboring hosts. Salt stress is a common abiotic stress for plants. It is unclear whether dodder transmits physiologically relevant salt stress-induced systemic signals among its hosts and whether these systemic signals affect the hosts’ tolerance to salt stress. Here, we simultaneously parasitized two or more cucumber plants with dodder. We found that salt treatment of one host highly primed the connected host, which showed strong decreases in the extent of leaf withering and cell death in response to subsequent salt stress. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that 24 h after salt treatment of one cucumber, the transcriptome of the other dodder-connected cucumber largely resembled that of the salt-treated one, indicating that inter-plant systemic signals primed these dodder-connected cucumbers at least partly through transcriptomic reconfiguration. Furthermore, salt treatment of one of the cucumbers induced physiological changes, including altered proline contents, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rates, in both of the dodder-connected cucumbers. This study reveals a role of dodder in mediating salt-induced inter-plant signaling among dodder-connected hosts and highlights the physiological function of these mobile signals in plant–plant interactions under salt stress.

scholarly journals ABCB transporters in a leaf beetle respond to sequestered plant toxins

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201311
Author(s):  
Paulina Kowalski ◽  
Michael Baum ◽  
Marcel Körten ◽  
Alexander Donath ◽  
Susanne Dobler
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Chrysochus Auratus ◽  
Defensive Glands ◽  
The One ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Phytophagous insects can tolerate and detoxify toxic compounds present in their host plants and have evolved intricate adaptations to this end. Some insects even sequester the toxins for their defence. This necessitates specific mechanisms, especially carrier proteins that regulate uptake and transport to specific storage sites or protect sensitive tissues from noxious compounds. We identified three ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporters from the transcriptome of the cardenolide-sequestering leaf beetle Chrysochus auratus and analysed their functional role in the sequestration process. These were heterologously expressed and tested for their ability to interact with various potential substrates: verapamil (standard ABCB substrate), the cardenolides digoxin (commonly used), cymarin (present in the species's host plant) and calotropin (present in the ancestral host plants). Verapamil stimulated all three ABCBs and each was activated by at least one cardenolide, however, they differed as to which they were activated by. While the expression of the most versatile transporter fits with a protective role in the blood–brain barrier, the one specific for cymarin shows an extreme abundance in the elytra, coinciding with the location of the defensive glands. Our data thus suggest a key role of ABCBs in the transport network needed for cardenolide sequestration.

scholarly journals Agasicles hygrophila attack increases nerolidol synthase gene expression in Alternanthera philoxeroides, facilitating host finding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxin Wang ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Xingchun Wang ◽  
Dong Jia ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Plant Volatile Compounds

Abstract Herbivorous insects use plant volatile compounds to find their host plants for feeding and egg deposition. The monophagous beetle Agasicles hygrophila uses a volatile (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonanetriene (DMNT) to recognize its host plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. Alternanthera philoxeroides releases DMNT in response to A. hygrophila attack and nerolidol synthase (NES) is a key enzyme in DMNT biosynthesis; however, the effect of A. hygrophila on NES expression remains unclear. In this study, the A. philoxeroides transcriptome was sequenced and six putative NES genes belonging to the terpene synthase-g family were characterized. The expression of these NES genes was assayed at different times following A. hygrophila contact, feeding or mechanical wounding. Results showed that A. hygrophila contact and feeding induced NES expression more rapidly and more intensely than mechanical wounding alone. This may account for a large release of DMNT following A. hygrophila feeding in a previous study and subsequently facilitate A. hygrophila to find host plants. Our research provides a powerful genetic platform for studying invasive plants and lays the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between A. philoxeroides and its specialist A. hygrophila.

scholarly journals Screen Mesh Size for Exclusion of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Citrus Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 2026-2030
Author(s):  
Timothy A Ebert ◽  
Laura Waldo ◽  
Daniel Stanton ◽  
Arnold W Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Short Side ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract Huanglongbing is a citrus disease that reduces yield, crop quality, and eventually causes tree mortality. The putative causal agent, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae), is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Disease management is largely through vector control, but the insect is developing pesticide resistance. A nonchemical approach to vector management is to grow citrus under screen cages either as bags over individual trees or enclosures spanning many acres. The enclosing screen reduces wind, alters temperature relative to ambient, and excludes a variety of pests that are too large to pass through the screen. Here we evaluated the potential of six screens to exclude D. citri. We conclude that screens with rectangular openings need to limit the short side to no more than 384.3 µm with a SD of 36.9 µm (40 mesh) to prevent psyllids from passing through the screen. The long side can be at least 833 µm, but the efficacy of screens exceeding this value should be tested before using in the field.

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