scholarly journals DESARROLLO ORIENTADO AL TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO: UN MODELO URBANO PARA LA PÚBLICO:

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Nicole Carolina Fernández de Córdova Abril ◽  
Rafael Andrés Pauta Pesántez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Points Of View

La falta de planifcación urbana fomenta una movilidad no sostenible, frente a esto, el Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte - DOT1- surge como una herramienta de diseño urbano, basada en la alta densidad, diversidad de usos y una infraestructura urbana adecuada en torno al transporte público. Para esto se ha realizado una revisión de literatura sobre este modelo de desarrollo, a fn de entender, a profundidad, los aspectos importantes que lo conforman, como la defnición del DOT según varios autores, para obtener distintos puntos de vista acerca de lo que este concepto signifca. Segundo, el análisis de las dimensiones que lo estructuran. Acontinuación se llevó a cabo una revisión de ejemplos de implementación del modelo en distintas ciudades. Posteriormente se mencionan los efectos urbanos que el DOT ha generado o puede causar a futuro en las ciudades en las que ha sido implementado, yfnalmente, se analizan recomendaciones para su replicabilidad en otras ciudades, en función del contexto. Palabras clave: DOT, movilidad sostenible, espacio público, densidad, usos mixtos. AbstractThe lack of urban planning encourages unsustainable mobility. In view of this, Transit Oriented Development - TOD - emerges as an urban design tool, based on high density, diversity of uses and proper urban infrastructure around public transport. For this purpose, a literature review on this development model has been carried out, in order to understand in depth, the important aspects that make it up, such as: the defnition of TOD according to several authors to obtain diferent points of view about what this concept means. Second, the analysis of the dimensions that structure it together also a review of examples of implementation of the model in diferent cities. Subsequently, the urban efects that TOD has generated or may cause in the future in the cities where it has been implemented are mentioned, and fnally, recommendations for its replicability in other cities are analyzed according to the context. Keywords: TOD, sustainable mobility, public space, density, land-use diversity

scholarly journals Manejo sostenible de inundaciones, cuencas y riberas en la provincia de Manabí

2020 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Andy Miguel Giler-Ormaza ◽  
Sergio Paul Donoso lucas ◽  
Roberth Patricio Arteaga Zambrano ◽  
David Alejandro Zaldumbide Perlalvo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Soft Engineering ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
River Banks

Sustainable management of floods, catchments and river banks in Manabí province En Manabí las autoridades locales y nacionales han elaborado e implementando planes de gestión  de inundaciones; sin embargo, las inundaciones aún causan grandes daños frecuentemente. El objetivo de la presente investigación es explorar técnicas que se podrían aplicar en Manabí para un manejo sostenible de inundaciones (SFM). Dos objetivos específicos son: explorar los enfoques y técnicas para i) SFM basado en manejo de cuencas hidrográficas, y ii) SFM basado en manejo de ríos y riberas. Se realiza un análisis desde un punto de vista técnico, económico, social y ambiental. La revisión y el análisis revelan que, en cuanto a manejo de inundaciones basado en manejo la cuenca, existen proyectos y planes hidráulicos que han sido efectivos en cierta medida. Específicamente represas, muros para retención de escorrentía y encauzamiento de quebradas. Sin embargo, se ha venido dando un manejo inadecuado a las riberas de varios ríos. Sus taludes se limpian y quedan desprotegidos contra la erosión con posibles implicaciones para la sedimentación y el riesgo de inundación aguas abajo de las zonas intervenidas. Enfoques sostenibles incluyen la bioingeniería y la ‘ingeniería suave’. El presente análisis puede contribuir al debate sobre el camino a seguir para la gestión de inundaciones en la provincia. Palabras clave: Agua Superficial; Desastre Natural; Erosión; Gestión; Uso de la Tierra. Abstract In Manabí local and national authorities have implemented flood management plans; however, floods still cause major damages frequently. The objective of this research is to explore techniques that could be applied in Manabí for sustainable flood management (SFM). Two specific objectives are to explore the methods and techniques for i) SFM based on management of catchments, and ii)  SFM based on management of rivers and riverbanks. An analysis is undertaken from the technical, economic, social and environmental points of view. The review and analysis reveals that, regarding flood management based on catchment management, there are projects and hydraulic plans that have been effective to some extent. Namely: dams, runoff-retention walls and gully channelization and diversion works. However, an inadequate management has been given to the banks of many rivers. These river banks are cleaned and left unprotected against erosion, with possible implications for sedimentation and flood risk downstream of the intervened areas. Sustainable approaches include bioengineering and 'soft engineering'. The present analysis can contribute to the debate on the way forward for flood management in the province. Keywords: Surface Water; Natural Disasters; Erosion; Management; Land Use.

scholarly journals Optimizing Land Use Allocation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) to Generate Maximum Ridership

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Berawi ◽  
Gunawan Saroji ◽  
Fuad Adrian Iskandar ◽  
Bernard Elpetino Ibrahim ◽  
Perdana Miraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Land Use Allocation ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Critical Literature

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is based around transit stations, with the emphasis on high population density and multifunctional areas in promoting sustainable mobility. This study aimed to develop a TOD model that could achieve an optimum land use allocation to maximize transit ridership. A critical literature review, an analysis of value engineering through function and benchmarking studies were conducted in order to develop a baseline plan for a TOD model, which was then optimized using linear programming. A total of four light rail transit (LRT) stations located in Jakarta were used as the case study to represent model implementation, ridership evaluation and optimal design. The optimization results showed that office workers constituted the highest number of transit passengers, followed by those working in hotels and commercial/retail and residential users. It was also found that optimizing the design of the TOD can increase the number of daily LRT passengers by up to 55%.

scholarly journals Pedestrians-Cyclists Shared Spaces Level of Service: Comparison of Methodologies and Critical Discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Andreas Nikiforiadis ◽  
Socrates Basbas ◽  
Foteini Mikiki ◽  
Aikaterini Oikonomou ◽  
Efrosyni Polymeroudi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Shared Spaces ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Evaluation Metric

Pedestrians–cyclists shared spaces, sidewalks and streets are now a commonly implemented urban design solution in many cities, due to the willingness to promote sustainable mobility and the non-availability of public space. The proper design and management of these infrastructures requires an accurate evaluation of their performance. The most dominant evaluation metric is the level of service (LOS) and various methodologies have been proposed in the literature for its assessment in infrastructures that are being used by pedestrians, cyclists or by both of these two types of users. The present paper gathers and presents various methodologies, and it applies some of them on two pedestrians-cyclists shared spaces in a medium-sized city in Greece. The outcomes of the methodologies are being compared both among themselves and in relation to the opinions of the users, who participated in a questionnaire survey. The review of the literature, along with the application of some of the methodologies, leads to a fruitful discussion, which sets the groundwork for future research in the field of LOS and it also assists practitioners in selecting the appropriate methodologies for the assessment of pedestrian–cyclists shared spaces.

A Conceptual Framework for Site Design of Urban Design in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 866-872
Author(s):  
Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Mixed Land Use

This paper indicates that there are no more sustainable concerns and instructions about urban design in current China relative planning Code when using the principles of eco-design principles as a lens to critical thinking about site choice, land use, transportation, road system, architecture massing, and spatial urban form. Furthermore, it is very hard for urban designer to design a sustainable project. This can be mitigated by taking mixed land use, TOD (Transit-Oriented Development), and 3D (Three Dimension) design methods. However, to design a sustainable site, to build a high performance building, other eco-design issues such as water saving, energy efficiency, air quality improvement, 3R materials use, eco-landscape etc. must be considered carefully in future design. Sustainable thinking should be the guideline through the whole urban design process.

scholarly journals Integrating Network Centrality and Node-Place Model to Evaluate and Classify Station Areas in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Mingxuan Dou ◽  
Yandong Wang ◽  
Shihai Dong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
The Relationship

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is generally understood as an effective urban design model for encouraging the use of public transportation. Inspired by TOD, the node-place (NP) model was developed to investigate the relationship between transport stations and land use. However, existing studies construct the NP model based on the statistical attributes, while the importance of travel characteristics is ignored, which arguably cannot capture the complete picture of the stations. In this study, we aim to integrate the NP model and travel characteristics with systematic insights derived from network theory to classify stations. A node-place-network (NPN) model is developed by considering three aspects: land use, transportation, and travel network. Moreover, the carrying pressure is proposed to quantify the transport service pressure of the station. Taking Shanghai as a case study, our results show that the travel network affects the station classification and highlights the imbalance between the built environment and travel characteristics.

An Immanent Criticism of Urban Design in Montevideo

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington MORALES
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Applied Philosophy ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Philosophical Frameworks

The debate about the so called “excluding design” has been a focus for applied philosophy for several years. The structure of this debate is constituted by deontological and consequentialist’s applied ethics and as well as agonistic democratic approaches. This paper asks for the applicability of these points of view to the particular socio-political reality of Montevideo. Examining this reality closer, I hold that we cannot comprehend the recent aestheticization of the excluding design there through these contemporary philosophical frameworks. As an alternative philosophical procedure, I analyze the aestheticization of excluding design in Montevideo from Rahel Jaeggi’s immanent criticism. I hold that this process of aestheticization implies an ideological regressive “form of life”. And I also argue that the Uruguayan democracy is affected by this ideological regression. Nevertheless, because this aestheticization is not an exclusive Uruguayan phenomenon, this paper intends to open one direction in applied philosophy of urban design.

The Help-Yourself City

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C.C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Urban Political Economy ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Do It Yourself

When cash-strapped local governments don’t provide adequate services, and planning policies prioritize economic development over community needs, what is a concerned citizen to do? In the help-yourself city, you do it yourself. The Help-Yourself City presents the results of nearly five years of in-depth research on people who take urban planning into their own hands with unauthorized yet functional and civic-minded “do-it-yourself urban design” projects. Examples include homemade traffic signs and public benches, guerrilla gardens and bike lanes, even citizen development “proposals,” all created in public space without permission but in forms analogous to official streetscape design elements. With research across 17 cities and more than 100 interviews with do-it-yourselfers, professional planners, and community members, the book explores who is creating these unauthorized improvements, where, and why. In doing so, it demonstrates the way uneven development processes are experienced and responded to in everyday life. Yet the democratic potential of this increasingly celebrated trend is brought into question by the privileged characteristics of typical do-it-yourself urban designers, the aesthetics and cultural values of the projects they create, and the relationship between DIY efforts and mainstream planning and economic development. Despite its many positive impacts, DIY urban design is a worryingly undemocratic practice, revealing the stubborn persistence of inequality in participatory citizenship and the design of public space. The book thus presents a needed critical analysis of an important trend, connecting it to research on informality, legitimacy, privilege, and urban political economy.

Governance and Accountability in Internet of Things (IoT) Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 627-655
Author(s):  
Naomi Jacobs ◽  
Peter Edwards ◽  
Caitlin D. Cottrill ◽  
Karen Salt
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
New Information ◽  
Thematic Review ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
Implementation Models ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Specific Implementation ◽  
Significant Attention

Societies and their underlying infrastructure are in the process of being transformed by digital technology, a change that requires updated legislation and governance structures to respond to new information contexts. One particular area of rapid growth is that of connected devices that are increasingly being deployed in the physical environment as part of the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). There has been significant attention by policymakers at both national and international levels as to the economic and social benefits these technologies can bring and how they can be effectively implemented, leading to a range of different governance models. Many of these models relate to larger scale deployments as part of “smart city” urban infrastructure programs. Unlike private sector Internet of Things devices, which require buy-in from individuals who voluntarily purchase technology and choose to use it, public space deployments can affect entire communities. They must therefore particularly include mechanisms by which citizens can be empowered. We present a thematic review of literature and policy pertaining to IoT governance models, and construct a framework of principles for IoT governance, highlighting emerging and remaining questions. Four emergent themes (Levels of Governance, Legitimacy and Representation, Accountability, and Transparency) are illustrated using case studies at two levels; national and supranational top-down governance models, and city-based context-specific implementation models.

scholarly journals Assessing CO2 Emissions from Passenger Transport with the Mixed-Use Development Model in Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Xianchun Tan ◽  
Tangqi Tu ◽  
Baihe Gu ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Tianhang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Mixed Land Use ◽  
Low Carbon City

Assessing transport CO2 emissions is important in the development of low-carbon strategies, but studies based on mixed land use are rare. This study assessed CO2 emissions from passenger transport in traffic analysis zones (TAZs) at the community level, based on a combination of the mixed-use development model and the vehicle emission calculation model. Based on mixed land use and transport accessibility, the mixed-use development model was adopted to estimate travel demand, including travel modes and distances. As a leading low-carbon city project of international cooperation in China, Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City Core Area was chosen as a case study. The results clearly illustrate travel demand and CO2 emissions of different travel modes between communities and show that car trips account for the vast majority of emissions in all types of travel modes in each community. Spatial emission differences are prominently associated with inadequately mixed land use layouts and unbalanced transport accessibility. The findings demonstrate the significance of the mixed land use and associated job-housing balance in reducing passenger CO2 emissions from passenger transport, especially in per capita emissions. Policy implications are given based on the results to facilitate sophisticated transport emission control at a finer spatial scale. This new framework can be used for assessing the impacts of urban planning on transport emissions to promote sustainable urbanization in developing countries.

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