Prologue

This prologue provides a brief introduction to the primary sources of the theoretical and philosophical frameworks which influenced the development of the panoptic sort as a point of focus and concern. It begins almost immediately with Karl Marx and other political economists seeking to understand the importance of technological systems in the continuing development of capitalism. It includes Jacques Ellul’s technicist emphasis as contrasted with Max Weber’s emphasis on rationalization and the search for efficiency and effectiveness in social as well as technological systems and institutions. Michel Foucault provides much more than an introduction to panopticism through his articulate linking of power and knowledge, and its application to discipline and social control. And while Foucault’s influence has been substantial, it comes in second to Anthony Giddens’ presentation of the nature and importance of the complexity within societal systems, and processes like “structuration,” that are linked to public policy and governance efforts that are becoming increasingly dependent upon surveillance and computational analytics.

Toward Ubimus Philosophical Frameworks

We tackle the philosophical implications of post-2020 music practices. To situate our discussion, we address pending issues in current definitions of music-making. Our analysis indicates that post-2020 definitions of music should feature sonic information and events, framed through social interactions and through the material grounding of the musical activity. Ubiquitous music (ubimus) furnishes a promising playing field for the emerging aspects of creative music-thinking. New frameworks that encompass the dynamic, multimodal and situated characteristics of music while skewing an anthropocentric perspective on creativity may provide meaningful targets for ubimus research toward a new notion of musicality. Three artistic projects serve to exemplify key aspects of this proposal: Atravessamentos, Memory Tree and Lyapunov Time. We address the philosophical implications of these artistic endeavors toward the construction of ubimus philosophical frameworks.

John McDowells Bildungstheorie

In this educational philosophical work, the concept of McDowell's education is re-examined from the concept of reason and nature, taking into account the Stoa. Enriched with stoic ideas about the concept of nature, the book reveals new perspectives and yet does not shy away from the examination of the great philosophical frameworks contained in McDowell's theories. Representatives of naturalism are sketched as well as different theories about first and second nature. Moral philosophical parts that show the ethical understanding of the second nature in McDowell, referring to authors such as Kant, Hegel and Aristotle, round off the overall concept. Through the text-analytical reworking of Cicero, Seneca and Marc Aurel, a bridge is then built to McDowell's undefined concept of nature in order to enrich it with the stoic logo.

An Immanent Criticism of Urban Design in Montevideo

The debate about the so called “excluding design” has been a focus for applied philosophy for several years. The structure of this debate is constituted by deontological and consequentialist’s applied ethics and as well as agonistic democratic approaches. This paper asks for the applicability of these points of view to the particular socio-political reality of Montevideo. Examining this reality closer, I hold that we cannot comprehend the recent aestheticization of the excluding design there through these contemporary philosophical frameworks. As an alternative philosophical procedure, I analyze the aestheticization of excluding design in Montevideo from Rahel Jaeggi’s immanent criticism. I hold that this process of aestheticization implies an ideological regressive “form of life”. And I also argue that the Uruguayan democracy is affected by this ideological regression. Nevertheless, because this aestheticization is not an exclusive Uruguayan phenomenon, this paper intends to open one direction in applied philosophy of urban design.

Track 2.e Introduction: Design Innovation and Philosophy of Technology, the Practical Turn

Human-technology relations are one of the key issues in design innovation and the shaping of our future. Also in the Philosophy of Technology human-technology relations are a central theme. New insights in the complex interplay between humans and technology can be gained from collaboration between Design and Philosophy of Technology, especially in the current of the so-called ‘empirical turn’ where the focus is on individual technologies and real-world contexts. Design Innovation can use the frameworks of philosophers to theorize the findings from practice or to make sense of past developments. And designing actual things provides a powerful laboratory to test philosophical frameworks in practice. Through the collaboration between design innovation and philosophy these conceptual frameworks can become ‘practical’. Therefore, in analogy with the empirical turn in philosophy of technology before, the further step of the present collaboration with design is termed a ‘practical turn’.

Rhetorical, Political, and Ecclesiastical Perspectives of Augustine’s and Julian of Eclanum’s Theological Response in the Pelagian Controversy

In Opus imperfectum, Augustine’s last controversy against Julian of Eclanum, we can recognize these two theologians’ rhetorical devices in which they tried to condemn each other as heretics. Particularly in the interpretations of both polemists on the issue of human sexual desire, Augustine and Julian fiercely confronted each other, making extensive use of a variety of rhetorical measures. In this article, referring to important recent research while at the same time focusing on crucial primary texts, I first would like to clarify these rhetorical arguments, particularly, the supremacy of Augustine in using such rhetorical devices. Next, the quite different philosophical frameworks of both polemists are clarified. In addition, the political and ecclesiastical perspectives of Augustine’s and Julian of Eclanum’s theological reasoning are investigated and the political tactics and ecclesiastical diplomacy of Augustine clarified. The ultimate purpose of this article is to explicate the mechanism and the true reasons for the victory of Augustine and the excommunication of Julian and other Pelagians.

infancialização, ubuntu e teko porã: elementos gerais para educação e ética afroperspectivistas

This article proposes an unusual approach on childhood and the dynamics of school routine. Starting from the assumption that childhood is a polysemous concept, it invites reflection on the concept of childfication as a possibility of rupture with current practices of reality’s experimentation, based on African and Brazilian indigenous philosophical frameworks. In order to do this, a dialogue is established with the African philosophy of Ubuntu and Brazilian indigenous philosophy’s Teko Porã with the aim of bringing to the educational area the connection of the individual with community, recognizing and respecting diversity in a planned vision, where living beings live in an interdependent relationship. These concepts discard the colonizing perspective that we are prepared to dominate, emphasizing that human beings, nonhuman animals and the environment are not available and we must treat living beings without utilitarianism, but like a part of us.

‘I Don’t Know Who You Call Tyrants’

This chapter returns to Latin discourse, seeking to define what fifteenth-century humanist treatments of tyranny have in common, and what distinguishes them from their classical and medieval counterparts. To this end, the chapter confronts the numerous (self-)contradictions in the works of Poggio Bracciolini, educated in republican Florence, and Giovanni Pontano, employed in Naples by the royal dynasty. While their arguments range from the rejection of all rulers as tyrants to the education of the ideal prince, both authors depend on the same philosophical frameworks (Aristotle and the Stoa) and rhetorical form (epideictic oratory). Typical for the Quattrocento, these texts make no claim to universal validity, and the chapter argues that they should be read with due recognition of the conventions of literary genre and humanism’s culture of debate.

Introduction: Pow Meng Yap and the culture-bound syndromes

PM Yap’s most significant intellectual achievement was his development of the concept of the culture-bound syndrome, which synthesized years of research into transcultural psychiatry, and situated this work within this field by drawing on elaborated nosological schema that challenged some of the ethnocentric assumptions made by previous psychiatrists who had tried to understand mental illnesses that presented in non-western cultures. This introduction to Yap’s 1951 paper emphasizes that Yap needs to be understood as working within the western tradition of transcultural psychiatry, and argues that his English training and his continual engagement with western psychiatric and philosophical frameworks is the best way to conceive of his contributions to this field. Yap’s paper, republished below as the Classic Text, was his first foray into comparative transcultural psychiatry.