scholarly journals Morphology of caterpillars and pupae of European Maculinea species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with an identification table

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Śliwińska ◽  
Piotr Nowicki ◽  
David Nash ◽  
Magdalena Witek ◽  
Josef Settele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
European Species ◽  
Ant Nest ◽  
Effective Conservation

Ofthe four recognized Maculinea species that occur in Europe, three (M. teleius, M. nausitlzous, and M. alcon) are found on damp meadows, and may co-occur; sometimes their larval instars even occupy the same host ant nest. It is, therefore, important to be able to distinguish between the caterpillars of these species for effective conservation. We present the morphology of the larvae and pupae of these three species, and a simple key to their identification. Inter-specific differences among larvae and pupae, and within-species differences among larval instars, are underlined in order to enable their proper identification. The length, colour and distribution of bristles are considered the best features for species and instar identification. The morphology ofthe described species is compared with that of the other European species, M. arion.

Species differences in effect of gram-negative endotoxin on circulation

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kuida ◽  
Robert P. Gilbert ◽  
Lerner B. Hinshaw ◽  
Joel G. Brunson ◽  
Maurice B. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Segment ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Dramatic Fall ◽  
Made In

Studies were made in 5 monkeys, 7 rabbits, and 33 cats of the effect of gram-negative endotoxin on aortic, pulmonary artery (PAP), and portal venous (PVP) pressures; and on changes in weight of a short segment of intestine. Studies of blood pooling were also made in 12 cats. The responses in these species were compared with those previously observed in the dog. Although variable degrees of hypotension developed at one time or another in all animals following injection of endotoxin, the early precipitous hypotension that characteristically occurs in the dog was observed only in the cat. However, in this species the dramatic fall in pressure could be ascribed to pulmonary vascular constriction and acute right ventricular hypertension and failure, and not to splanchnic pooling. PAP also became elevated in the monkey and the rabbit, but usually was of lesser magnitude and did not appear to explain the development of the relatively late hypotension that occurred in these species. The absence of significant increases in gut weight and the minor increments in PVP in all animals indicate that in none of these species is hepatic vein constriction and splanchnic pooling a significant mechanism in producing early shock as it is in the dog. Pathologic gross and microscopic studies in the monkey and gross examinations in the other species supported this conclusion.

A molecular analysis reveals hidden species diversity within the current concept of Russula maculata (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
SLAVOMÍR ADAMČÍK ◽  
MIROSLAV CABOŇ ◽  
URSULA EBERHARDT ◽  
MALKA SABA ◽  
FELIX HAMPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
European Species ◽  
Spore Ornamentation ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Broad Concept

The current generally accepted concept of Russula maculata defines the species by yellow-brownish spots on the basidiomata, an acrid taste, a yellow spore print and a red pileus. This concept was tested using collections originating from various geographical areas mainly in Europe. Analyses of the ITS region suggested that there were three species within this broad concept. One of them, R. maculata, was identified based on the sequence from the epitype. Two other species, R. nympharum and R. sp., are described here as newly identified species. The European species R. maculata and R. nympharum grow in deciduous forests, are similar in their field aspect and are distinctly different in micro-morphological characteristics of spores, pleurocystidia and pileipellis. An Asian species, R. sp., is associated with pine and has smaller basidiomata and spores. These three species form the R. maculata complex and represent the sister clade to the R. globispora complex. This clade consists of species also characterized by a yellow-brownish context discolouration but with a different type of spore ornamentation. All of the other tested species had an acrid taste and yellow spore print but did not have a conspicuous yellow-brownish context discolouration and were placed in various unrelated clades.

Influence of Food and Larval Age on the Defensive Chemistry of Satumia pyri

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Deml
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Defensive Chemistry ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Secondary Compound ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

Abstract Scolus secretions and hemolymph of caterpillars of Satumia pyri fed with two different foodplants (Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa) were chemically analyzed and their chemical similarities determined. The secondary-compound patterns obtained for the two body fluids showed no significant differences when compared between the two groups of alterna­ tively fed last-instar larvae. Thus, the composition of these fluids of full-grown caterpillars is not influenced by the larval diet. However, younger larvae on P. spinosa revealed a diversity of compounds differing significantly from that of larger caterpillars fed with either C. mono­gyna (both body fluids) or P. spinosa (hemolymph only). This indicates that, on the one hand, the hemolymph composition is adapted to the changing physiological requirements of the given instars whereas, on the other hand, the defensive mixtures remain unaltered in the late larval instars due to a constant spectrum of potential enemies.

scholarly journals The efficiency of Paecilomyce farinosus as biocontrol to larve stage on second ad sixith instar larve of Trogoderma granarium (Everts)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Paecilomyces Farinosus ◽  
Trogoderma Granarium ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Treatment Concentration

The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Paecilomyces farinosus as biocontrol agents against Tragoderma granarium (khapra) under laboratory conditions with three concentrations ( 2.8 x 108 , 2.8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml). The laboratory results revealed that fungi showed it's higher pathogencity to larve stage on 2nd instar and 6th instar , although their capability differs according to the fungi concentrations this fungi caused higher mortality of 2nd larval instar 70% and 60% ,55% when it was used at concentrations 2 .8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml respectively. On the other hand on 6th larval instars 55% , 35% , 30% at concentrations ( 2.8 x 108 , 2.8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml) respectively, and the highest rate of distortions in the adult insects from the 2nd instar treatment than the adult insects from the 6th instar treatment concentration of this fungi.

scholarly journals Spillover from marine reserves and the replenishment of fished stocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN S. HALPERN ◽  
SARAH E. LESTER ◽  
JULIE B. KELLNER
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Population Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Effective Conservation

SUMMARYNo-take marine reserves are widely recognized as an effective conservation tool for protecting marine resources. Despite considerable empirical evidence that abundance and biomass of fished species increase within marine reserve boundaries, the potential for reserves to provide fisheries and conservation benefits to adjacent waters remains heavily debated. This paper uses statistical and population models to evaluate published empirical data on adult spillover from marine reserves and shows that spillover is a common phenomenon for species that respond positively to reserve protection, but at relatively small scales, detectable on average up to 800 m from reserve boundaries. At these small scales, local fisheries around reserves were likely unsustainable in 12 of 14 cases without the reserve, and spillover partially or fully offsets losses in catch due to reserve closure in the other two cases. For reserves to play a role in sustaining and replenishing larger-scale fished stocks, networks of reserves may be necessary, but as few exist this is difficult to evaluate. The results suggest reserves can simultaneously meet conservation objectives and benefit local fisheries adjacent to their boundaries.

Eye position effects in saccadic adaptation in macaque monkeys

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 2819-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Wulff ◽  
Annalisa Bosco ◽  
Katharina Havermann ◽  
Giacomo Placenti ◽  
Patrizia Fattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Saccadic Amplitude ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Saccadic Adaptation ◽  
Gaussian Profile ◽  
Position Dependence

The saccadic amplitude of humans and monkeys can be adapted using intrasaccadic target steps in the McLaughlin paradigm. It is generally believed that, as a result of a purely retinal reference frame, after adaptation of a saccade of a certain amplitude and direction, saccades of the same amplitude and direction are all adapted to the same extent, independently from the initial eye position. However, recent studies in humans have put the pure retinal coding in doubt by revealing that the initial eye position has an effect on the transfer of adaptation to saccades of different starting points. Since humans and monkeys show some species differences in adaptation, we tested the eye position dependence in monkeys. Two trained Macaca fascicularis performed reactive rightward saccades from five equally horizontally distributed starting positions. All saccades were made to targets with the same retinotopic motor vector. In each session, the saccades that started at one particular initial eye position, the adaptation position, were adapted to shorter amplitude, and the adaptation of the saccades starting at the other four positions was measured. The results show that saccades that started at the other positions were less adapted than saccades that started at the adaptation position. With increasing distance between the starting position of the test saccade and the adaptation position, the amplitude change of the test saccades decreased with a Gaussian profile. We conclude that gain-decreasing saccadic adaptation in macaques is specific to the initial eye position at which the adaptation has been induced.

Larval morphology and analysis of primary chaetotaxy in the genus  Suphis Aubé, 1836 (Coleoptera: Noteridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4619 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN I. URCOLA ◽  
YVES ALARIE ◽  
CESAR J. BENETTI ◽  
GEORGINA RODRIGUEZ ◽  
MARIANO C. MICHAT
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Ancestral Condition ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Segment Viii ◽  
First Time

The three larval instars of Suphis cimicoides Aubé, 1837 are described and illustrated, including morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphus. A preliminary ground plan of primary chaetotaxy for noterid larvae is presented for the first time, based on the species described herein and examination of larvae of the genera Hydrocanthus Say, 1823 and Suphisellus Crotch, 1873. This ground plan is compared with previous systems proposed for other adephagan families. Larvae of Noteridae can be distinguished from those of other families of Hydradephaga by the following combination of characters: (1) antennomere 3 with a rugged area on distal portion; (2) abdominal segment VIII with a U-shaped wavy membranous area ventrally; (3) absence of pore FRd; and (4) presence of seta AB16. Several sensilla present in noterid larvae (notably setae TR2 and TA1 and pores PAl, PAm, COd, TRb and FEb) are absent in larvae of Meruidae. On the contrary, parietal seta PA5 is present in Meruidae but absent in Noteridae. The presence of pore COc in Noteridae may indicate that this family has retained the ancestral condition found only in Carabidae. On the other hand, the absence of setae FE7, FE8, FE9 and FE10 in Noteridae is similar to the condition found in Carabidae, Gyrinidae and Meruidae. 

Notes on the European Species of Procloeon Bengtsson with Particular Reference to Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson) and Procloeon ornatum Tshernova (Ephemerida: Baetidae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Sowa
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
European Species ◽  
Comparative Description

AbstractA comparative description of imagines, subimagines, eggs, and nymphs of Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson) and P. ornatum Tshernova is given on the basis of material from Poland. Some remarks about the type specimens of both species are presented with the designation of their lectotypes. From the other European species of Procloeon Bngtss. the P. pseudorufulum Kimmins and P. lychnidense lkonornov are regarded as the junior synonyms of P. bifidum (Bengtsson).

Revision of the Palaearctic species and review of the Oriental species of Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on extralimital taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2381 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
European Species ◽  
World Fauna

The fairyfly genus Ooctonus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from the Palaearctic region is revised. Twelve speces are recognized, including the newly described O. lokomotiv Triapitsyn sp. n. (Far East of Russia), O. saturn Triapitsyn sp. n. (Far East of Russia, and Japan), O. spartak Triapitsyn sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan), O. tretiakovi Triapitsyn sp. n. (Far East of Russia), and O. us Triapitsyn sp. n. (Japan, and Republic of Korea). All the species are redescribed, illustrated, and diagnosed, as is the Oriental species O. himalayus Subba Rao, based mainly on non-type specimens from Nepal (its male is newly described). Taxonomic notes are provided on the other three previously described Oriental species of Ooctonus and one new Oriental species, O. lapen Triapitsyn sp. n., is described from Nepal. Extralimital records are included for the species with Holarctic distribution. Twenty-five new synonymies are proposed: O. major Foerster syn. n., O. elegantissimus Soyka syn. n., O. austriacus Soyka syn. n., O. silvestris Soyka syn. n., and O. isotomus Mathot syn. n. under O. insignis Haliday; O. acutiventris Soyka syn. n., O. askhamensis Hincks syn. n., O. collinus Soyka syn. n., O. stammeri Soyka syn. n., O. viennensis Soyka syn. n., O. niger Soyka syn. n., and O. americanus Girault syn. n. under O. vulgatus Haliday; O. amoenus (Foerster) syn. n., O. hemipterus igneus Debauche syn. n., O. foersteri Soyka syn. n., O. wagneri Soyka syn. n., and O. pechlaneri Soyka syn. n. under O. hemipterus Haliday; O. atroflavus Soyka syn. n., O. diversicornis Soyka syn. n., and O. auripes Whittaker syn. n. under O. notatus Walker; O. polonicus Soyka syn. n., O. montanus Soyka syn. n., O. remonti Mathot syn. n., and O. dovrensis Solem & Sveum syn. n. under O. sublaevis Foerster; and O. flaviventris Donev syn. n. under O. novickyi Soyka. Ooctonus sevae Risbec (from Madagascar) is transferred to Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck as Gonotocerus (Lymaenon) sevae (Risbec), comb. n. Lectotypes are designated for O. austriacus Soyka, O. elegantissimus Soyka, O. foersteri Soyka, O. heterotomus Foerster, O. major Foerster, and O. sub-4 · Zootaxa 2381 © 2010 Magnolia Presslaevis Foerster. Separate keys are provided to females of Ooctonus from the Palaearctic region, to both sexes of the European species, and also to females of the known Oriental species of Ooctonus. A brief diagnosis of the genus is given based on its world fauna, and information on the distribution and known host associations of Ooctonus species is provided. A historical account of the Walter Soyka collection of microhymenoptera is presented, with references to the Arnold Foerster collection of Mymaridae.

First occourence of the family Glaresidae in Italy, with description of the new species Glaresis gentile from Sardinia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaresidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
STEFANO ZIANI ◽  
MARCO ULIANA ◽  
ROBERTO RATTU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Western European ◽  
Species Taxonomy

Glaresis gentile sp. nov. is described from southwestern Sardinia, Italy, providing the first record of the family Glaresidae from Italy. The new species is compared with the other western European species and with some other taxa described from North Africa. It appears to be closest to the poorly known Iberian G. thiniensis Verdú & Galante, 2001, whose aedeagus morphology is precised. Finally, a key to the European species is provided. Key words: Scarabaeoidea, Glaresidae, Glaresis, new species, taxonomy, Sardinia, Spain, sand dunes

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