Architectural Lighting Design Concept for the Interior Yard of a Prospective Orbital Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Nikolay L. Pavlov ◽  
Georgy A. Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Coordinate Structure ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Generation

A design aspect of a three-dimensional workspace for an upcoming deployment stage of a new-generation manned space station with crews of several dozen people is considered. It is assumed that in the new closed layout of the station, the spatial core is its courtyard, which ensures productive and safe human activity not only in pressurized living and working modules, but also in an airless space. The aim of the work is to develop the concept for architectural illumination of the surface and the entire working space in the courtyard of the new-generation orbital station. The original layout diagram of the orbital station is presented. Its illumination is investigated by the method of computer geometric modelling. The most common orthogonal structures implemented in the MIR and ISS projects were chosen as the starting point for constructing the spatial structure of the orbital station. The illumination system is proposed that implements the operational and control functions of the crew members, as well as their orientation and positioning both in the spatial structure of the station itself and in the surrounding space. To implement these functions, two basic techniques for setting up remotely controlled stationary and mobile luminaires are proposed. The importance of highlighting the central axial structure of the station as a coordinate system for constant orientation is shown when people are located both in the inner space of the station and in the space of its yard. It is concluded that the illumination of the three-axis coordinate structure projected onto the outer space in relation to the station space, will give its perception a feeling of familiar stability.

scholarly journals The spectral signature of cloud spatial structure in shortwave irradiance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 13791-13806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Song ◽  
K. Sebastian Schmidt ◽  
Peter Pilewskie ◽  
Michael D. King ◽  
Andrew K. Heidinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneity ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Molecular Scattering ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Photon Transport ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract. In this paper, we used cloud imagery from a NASA field experiment in conjunction with three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations to show that cloud spatial structure manifests itself as a spectral signature in shortwave irradiance fields – specifically in transmittance and net horizontal photon transport in the visible and near-ultraviolet wavelength range. We found a robust correlation between the magnitude of net horizontal photon transport (H) and its spectral dependence (slope), which is scale-invariant and holds for the entire pixel population of a domain. This was surprising at first given the large degree of spatial inhomogeneity. We prove that the underlying physical mechanism for this phenomenon is molecular scattering in conjunction with cloud spatial structure. On this basis, we developed a simple parameterization through a single parameter ε, which quantifies the characteristic spectral signature of spatial inhomogeneities. In the case we studied, neglecting net horizontal photon transport leads to a local transmittance bias of ±12–19 %, even at the relatively coarse spatial resolution of 20 km. Since three-dimensional effects depend on the spatial context of a given pixel in a nontrivial way, the spectral dimension of this problem may emerge as the starting point for future bias corrections.

Pavement Damage Due to Conventional and New Generation of Wide-Base Super Single Tires

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
M. A. Elseifi ◽  
P. J. Yoo ◽  
I. Janajreh
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
New Generation

Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify pavement damage due to a conventional (385/65R22.5) and a new generation of wide-base (445/50R22.5) tires using three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. The investigated new generation of wide-base tires has wider treads and greater load-carrying capacity than the conventional wide-base tire. In addition, the contact patch is less sensitive to loading and is especially designed to operate at 690kPa inflation pressure at 121km/hr speed for full load of 151kN tandem axle. The developed FE models simulated the tread sizes and applicable contact pressure for each tread and utilized laboratory-measured pavement material properties. In addition, the models were calibrated and properly validated using field-measured stresses and strains. Comparison was established between the two wide-base tire types and the dual-tire assembly. Results indicated that the 445/50R22.5 wide-base tire would cause more fatigue damage, approximately the same rutting damage and less surface-initiated top-down cracking than the conventional dual-tire assembly. On the other hand, the conventional 385/65R22.5 wide-base tire, which was introduced more than two decades ago, caused the most damage.

Transfers with a rendezvous lasting no more than one orbit between close near-circular coplanar orbits

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Aleksandr F. BRAGAZIN ◽  
Alexey V. USKOV
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Characteristic Velocity ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Orbit Transfer ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Phase Differences

Consideration has been given to orbit transfers involving spacecraft rendezvous which belong to a class of coplanar non-intersecting near-circular orbits of a spacecraft and a space station. The duration of the transfer is assumed to be limited by one orbit. The feasibility of a rendezvous using an optimal two-burn orbit-to-orbit transfer is studied. To determine a single free parameter of the transfer, i.e. the time of its start, ensuring a rendezvous at a given time or at a given velocity at the end of transfer, appropriate equations have been obtained To implement in the guidance algorithms optimal three-burn correction programs are proposed to achieve a rendezvous at a given time with a specified relative velocity at the moment of spacecraft contact. A range of phase differences at the start of maneuvering is determined, within which the characteristic velocity of the rendezvous is equal to the minimum characteristic velocity of the orbit-to-orbit transfer. The paper presents simulation results for “quick" rendezvous profiles that use the proposed programs. Key words: spacecraft, orbital station, “quick” rendezvous, orbit transfer, rendezvous program.

scholarly journals Second sacral sacralalar‐iliac (S2AI) screw placement in adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) patients: an imaging study

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Junyao Cheng ◽  
Pengfei Chi ◽  
Zhaohan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Degenerative Scoliosis ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Lateral Angle ◽  
Adult Degenerative Scoliosis ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trajectory Length

Abstract Background The imaging characteristics of sacral sacralalar-iliac (S2AI) screw trajectory in adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) patients will be determined. Methods S2AI screw trajectories were mapped on three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) reconstructions of 40 ADS patients. The starting point, placement plane, screw template, and a circle centered at the lowest point of the ilium inner cortex were set on these images. A tangent line from the starting point to the outer diameter of the circle was selected as the axis of the screw trajectory. The related parameters in different populations were analyzed and compared. Results The trajectory length of S2AI screws in ADS patients was 12.00 ± 0.99 cm, the lateral angle was 41.24 ± 3.92°, the caudal angle was 27.73 ± 6.45°, the distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to the iliosciatic notch was 1.05 ± 0.81 cm, the distance from the axis of the screw trajectory to the upper edge of the acetabulum was 1.85 ± 0.33 cm, and the iliac width was 2.12 ± 1.65 cm. Compared with females, the lateral angle of male ADS patients was decreased, but the trajectory length was increased (P < 0.05). Compared to patients without ADS in previous studies, the lateral angle of male patients was larger, the lateral angle of female patients was increased, and the caudal angle was decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions There is an ideal trajectory of S2AI screws in ADS patients. A different direction should be noticed in the placement of S2AI screws, especially in female patients.

scholarly journals Colourful Poincaré symmetry, gravity and particle actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Gomis ◽  
Euihun Joung ◽  
Axel Kleinschmidt ◽  
Karapet Mkrtchyan
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Symmetry Factor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Poincaré Algebra ◽  
Poincaré Symmetry ◽  
Three Space

Abstract We construct a generalisation of the three-dimensional Poincaré algebra that also includes a colour symmetry factor. This algebra can be used to define coloured Poincaré gravity in three space-time dimensions as well as to study generalisations of massive and massless free particle models. We present various such generalised particle models that differ in which orbits of the coloured Poincaré symmetry are described. Our approach can be seen as a stepping stone towards the description of particles interacting with a non-abelian background field or as a starting point for a worldline formulation of an associated quantum field theory.

Fabrication of endothelialized tube in collagen gel as starting point for self-developing capillary-like network to construct three-dimensional organs in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Takei ◽  
Shinji Sakai ◽  
Tsutomu Ono ◽  
Hiroyuki Ijima ◽  
Koei Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Starting Point

Path Planning for Spheres in Three Dimensional Environments With Low Interference Index

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Storti ◽  
Debasish Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Configuration Space ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Spherical Object ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Path Planning Problem

Abstract We consider the path planning problem for a spherical object moving through a three-dimensional environment composed of spherical obstacles. Given a starting point and a terminal or target point, we wish to determine a collision free path from start to target for the moving sphere. We define an interference index to count the number of configuration space obstacles whose surfaces interfere simultaneously. In this paper, we present algorithms for navigating the sphere when the interference index is ≤ 2. While a global calculation is necessary to characterize the environment as a whole, only local knowledge is needed for path construction.

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