scholarly journals Karakterisasi Spesies Averrhoa yang Tumbuh di Kota Kediri Berdasarkan Pendekatan Palinologi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Hari Untarto Swandono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Taxonomy ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Prolate Shape ◽  
The Difference

Averrhoa is a member of the Oxalidaceae family and has four types, namely Averrhoa carambola, Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa leucopetala, Averrhoa  dolichocarpa.. Among the four types of averhoa, the most commonly found growing and planted in Kediri's yards were Averrhoa carambola and Averrhoa bilimbi. Cultivation of this plant is usually done by vegetative and generative with seeds. Pollen has long been used as an indicator in plant taxonomy, because in pollen there are many secret characters. This study aims to determine characterization Averrhoa species that grow in Kediri City based on a palinological approach. The result of this research is Averrhoa pollen that grows in Kediri City has almost the same characteristics, namely very small size, spheroidal Prolate shape, trizonocolpate aperture and isopolar polarity. The similarity is so great because the environmental conditions in which these two types of plants grow are the same. The difference in the character of pollen that grows in Kediri City lies in its ornamentation. In Averrhoa carambola ornate Perforate-Foveolate and Averrhoa bilimbi with reticulate character. This difference in ornament is due to the fact that these two types of plants have different species.

Information support for expert evaluation of the states of the external environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Rasol Murtadha Najah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Variables ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
State Of The Environment

This article discusses the application of methods to enhance the knowledge of experts to build a decision-making model based on the processing of physical data on the real state of the environment. Environmental parameters determine its ecological state. To carry out research in the field of expert assessment of environmental conditions, the analysis of known works in this field is carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to justify the relevance of the application of analytical, stochastic models and models based on methods of enhancing the knowledge of experts — experts. It is concluded that the results of using analytical and stochastic objects are inaccurate, due to the complexity and poor mathematical description of the objects. The relevance of developing information support for an expert assessment of environmental conditions is substantiated. The difference of this article is that based on the analysis of the application of expert methods for assessing the state of the environment, a fuzzy logic adoption model and information support for assessing the environmental state of the environment are proposed. The formalization of the parameters of decision-making models using linguistic and fuzzy variables is considered. The formalization of parameters of decision-making models using linguistic and fuzzy variables was considered. The model’s description of fuzzy inference is given. The use of information support for environment state assessment is shown on the example of experts assessing of the land desertification stage.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Extratropical Cyclones That Cause Tornadoes in Italy: A Preliminary Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Eigo Tochimoto ◽  
Mario Marcello Miglietta ◽  
Leonardo Bagaglini ◽  
Roberto Ingrosso ◽  
Hiroshi Niino
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Strong Evaporation

Characteristics of extratropical cyclones that cause tornadoes in Italy are investigated. Tornadoes between 2007 and 2016 are analyzed, and statistical analysis of the associated cyclone structures and environments is performed using the JRA-55 reanalysis. Tornadoes are distributed sporadically around the cyclone location within a window of 10° × 10°. The difference in the cyclone tracks partially explains the seasonal variability in the distribution of tornadoes. The highest number of tornadoes occur south of the cyclone centers, mainly in the warm sector, while a few are observed along the cold front. Composite mesoscale parameters are examined to identify the environmental conditions associated with tornadoes in different seasons. Potential instability is favorable to tornado development in autumn. The highest convective available potential energy (CAPE) in this season is associated with relatively high-temperature and humidity at low-levels, mainly due to the strong evaporation over the warm Mediterranean Sea. Upper-level potential vorticity (PV) anomalies and the associated cold air reduce the static stability above the cyclone center, mainly in spring and winter. On average, the values of CAPE are lower than for US tornadoes and comparable with those occurring in Japan, while storm relative helicity (SREH) is comparable with US tornadoes and higher than Japanese tornadoes, indicating that the environmental conditions for Italian tornadoes have peculiar characteristics. Overall, the conditions emerging in this study are close to the high-shear, low-CAPE environments typical of cool-season tornadoes in the Southeastern US.

Anaerobic heat production of bull spermatozoa II. The effects of changes in the colligative and other properties of the suspending medium

1959 ◽  
Vol 151 (942) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Hypotonic Medium ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Depressant Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter ◽  
Future 2 ◽  
The Relationship

1. The anaerobic heat production of bull spermatozoa has been examined under varying environmental conditions, in an isothermal calorimeter, capacity 2·4 ml., working at atmospheric pressure. The minimum detectable heat production was 10 μ cal/min. The calorimeter was calibrated with needles containing plutonium oxide of known heat production, both now and in the future. 2. Abnormal environmental conditions or treatments, such as washing, hypertonicity, hypotonicity and dilution elicited a shock reaction characterized by depressed metabolism, followed by a gradual recovery or adaptation, which in certain conditions was complete. 3. The effect of the pH of the suspending medium was examined under rigorous conditions. A low pH causes a reduction in metabolism but the response is not linear, there being a change in the relationship between heat production and pH within the range pH 6·9 to 6·4. The difference between the rate of heat production at pH 7·4 and 6·9 is insignificant, but at pH 6·4, heat production is reduced to nearly half its normal value. 4. The rate of heat production of bull spermatozoa in hypertonic and hypotonic media has been examined. The osmotic pressure range was from 3·4 to 15·1 atm, Δ = –0·28 to –1·25, or, in terms of mM-NaCl, 80 to 368. Hypertonic media in which Δ = –0·75, 0·22 below the normal tonicity, have a barely perceptible effect; but a hypotonic medium in which Δ = –0·42, 0·11 above the normal tonicity, has a depressant action, though adaptation occurs. 5. The depressant effect of hypertonicity and hypotonicity is less marked, relative to controls, at pH 6·4 than at 7·4. 6. The rate of anaerobic heat production declines before substrate exhaustion or a reduction in the pH of the medium are likely to have any effect on sperm metabolism. The following possible explanations are examined: (i) that the energy required for high sperm activity is of the same order as the rate of free energy change associated with anaerobic fructolysis; (ii) that the rate of A . T . P . synthesis during anaerobic fructolysis does not keep pace with the rate of A . T . P . hydrolysis necessary to provide the energy for high sperm activity.

Democratization, environmental and income inequality

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Policardo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Decisive Voter ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIf the demand for environmental goods is increasing with income, democratization shifts the decisive power from a rich autocrat to a poorer individual (decisive voter), so it should be associated with worse environmental conditions. In this paper, it is shown through a theoretical model that: (i) democratization may have mixed effects on the level of environmental quality, depending on the size of the price and income effects on the demand for environmental quality associated with a decrease in the decisive political actor's wealth; and (ii) assuming that society is composed of two classes of individuals with different levels of exposure to pollution, and assuming moreover that the decisive voter belongs to the most exposed class of individuals while the autocrat does not, democratization is beneficial for the environment, and the better the effect on the environment, the bigger the difference in wealth between the two decisive political actors.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF LAYERS PRESENT IN A CONTEMPORARY CERAMIC USING LASER-INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Celina Luízar Obregón ◽  
Daniel L’hermite
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plasma Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

In this work, laser-induced plasma spectroscopy was used to identify the elemental composition, at different depths, of a commercial Peruvian ceramic. The IVEA MobiLIBS system and IUMTEK TX1000 system were used, under environmental conditions and 5.6 mJ of energy, forming craters of approximately 60 μm in diameter. To improve accuracy, repetitions of the impact points were performed, accumulating the signals at the same depth. The blue and white pigments that covered it, as well as the matrix paste, were characterized, making different levels of penetration in the material, obtaining their respective elemental composition. This allowed finding the difference between stratigraphic layers, based mainly on the variation of the intensities of Copper, Titanium, Carbon and other characteristic elements of the clays that make up the matrix paste. Contemporary pottery was found to have sequential layers of decoration, engobe and matrix paste.

scholarly journals High frequency of social polygyny reveals little costs for females in a songbird

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Santoro ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Díaz ◽  
David Canal ◽  
Carlos Camacho ◽  
László Z. Garamszegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

AbstractMating system theory predicts that social polygyny—when one male forms pair bonds with two females—may evolve by female choice in species with biparental care. Females will accept a polygynous male if the benefit of mating with a male providing high-quality genes or rearing resources outweighs the cost of sharing mate assistance in parental care. Based on this rationale, we hypothesise that the population frequency of social polygyny (FSP) varies due to changes in mate sharing costs caused by changing environmental conditions. We predicted that: (1) polygamous females (i.e. mated with a polygynous male) pay a survival cost compared to monogamous females; (2) FSP would be higher in years with better rearing conditions and (3) the difference in survival rates between monogamous and polygamous females would be small following years with higher FSP. We tested these predictions using regression and multistate analyses of capture-recapture data of pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, in central Spain collected over 26 years (1990–2016). Monogamous females had a higher mean survival rate than polygamous females (prediction 1), but there was no difference in survival between polygynous and monogamous males. In addition, FSP was positively associated with annual reproductive success (a proxy of the quality of rearing conditions—prediction 2). Finally, following years with high FSP, the survival of polygamous females was similar to that of monogamous females (prediction 3), while the chance of breeding in a polygamous state for 2 years in a row increased for both males and females. Our findings suggest that fluctuating environmental conditions may be a necessary but neglected aspect of understanding social polygyny mechanisms.

Evaluation of equipment for breeding does housed under Australian meat rabbit farming conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
S. J. Eady
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Two experiments yielded practical recommendations on design of cage equipment (mats and nest boxes) that can potentially improve the welfare and productivity of breeding does. The results show that, in the environment experienced by the experimental rabbits, sore hocks (pododermatitis) can be reduced in breeding does from an incidence of 4% down to less than 1%, by the provision of suitable pressure mats. The difference between the highest and lowest performing nest boxes, in terms of number of kittens weaned, translates into a difference in enterprise gross margins of A$52.35 per doe per annum, or an increase of 36% in profit from the use of the best performing nest box compared with the worst. Farmers can use the results as a guide to choosing or constructing nest box equipment, and should be encouraged to objectively compare different designs under their own environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Differences in spawning time of captive Atlantic cod from four regions of Norway, kept under identical conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon Otterå ◽  
Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt ◽  
Knut E. Jørstad
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Several hundred Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) were collected from selected spawning grounds along the Norwegian coast in March 2002. Four areas or regions that represent a wide range of environmental conditions were chosen for our breeding experiments: Porsangerfjord, Tysfjord, Helgeland, and Øygarden. Cod were transported to Øygarden near Bergen, individually tagged, and kept in sea cages. In both 2003 and 2004, a total of 40 family groups (adult pairs) representing the four regions were monitored for their spawning performance in separate tanks. During the spawning period, the quantity and diameter of eggs were recorded. During 2003, the time of peak spawning differed among groups. It was evident that the broodstock from the Øygarden region spawned about one month earlier than the broodstock collected from the Helgeland region. This also occurred in 2004, two years after the cod were collected, suggesting that the difference has a genetic component. Differences in life history parameters between cod populations, such as spawning cycles as described here, could be adaptive and under genetic control. This must be taken into consideration when assessing precautionary means of overcoming the problem with escapees from future cod mariculture.

The Neutron Active Interrogation System for In-Field Detection of Transuranic-Based Radioactive Dispersal Devices for Security Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cherubini ◽  
A. Dodaro ◽  
G. Gandolfo ◽  
L. Lepore ◽  
G. A. Marzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fusion Reaction ◽  
Fission Cross Section ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Active Interrogation ◽  
New Device ◽  
The Difference

The increasing of terror menace in recent years led the international community to enhance the efforts to minimize threats to people in everyday life by developing devices, techniques, and procedures targeted to improve the collective security. In this framework the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) developed a new device to improve CBRNe resilience, the Neutron Active Interrogation system (NAI). It has been conceived and optimized to identify transuranic-based Radioactive Dispersal Devices potentially hidden in packages, envisaging its utilization in field applications. NAI is based on the detection of neutrons from induced fission on small amount, of the order of a few grams, of fissile material. The device exploits a portable neutron generator based on d-t fusion reaction, a polyethylene structure for reducing the neutron energy in order to maximize the fission cross-section, and an array of 3He proportional counters. Fissile material detection is made using the Differential Die-Away time Analysis (DDAA), an active neutron technique based on the difference among the die-away times of fast interrogation neutrons and prompt fission neutrons induced by thermal neutrons in the moderating system. The original experimental setup was tested on the field during the live demo open to the public at the EDEN Project Demonstration occurred in September 2015 at ENEA Frascati Research Centre in Rome. Since then, the setup has been modified to improve the device detection capabilities. NAI performances have been tested within different environmental conditions, e.g. open field geometry vs. bunker-like geometry, to study the effects of scattering phenomena. The optimized configuration here presented is transportable, lightweight, and able to detect 2 grams of 235U contained in a salt of depleted uranium in real time, independently from the measurement environmental conditions.

Etude quantitative et qualitative de la nourriture des Viviparus malleatus (Reeve) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) dans deux lacs de la région de Montréal

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Plinski ◽  
Włodrimier Ławacz ◽  
Anna Stanczykowska ◽  
Etienne Magnin
Keyword(s):  
Food Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Algal Composition

The contents of the digestive tracts of specimens of Viviparus malleatus from two different environments were analyzed. The influence of different environmental conditions, including the difference in algal composition, on the biology of molluscs was determined by using two different methods for food analysis. The two methods used, microscopic and chemical, give complementary but incomplete results.

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