scholarly journals FROM COOPERATION TO ENMITY: CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE CARPATHIAN SICH AND THE CZECHOSLOVAK SECURITY AGENCIES (1938 – 1939)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 90-110
Author(s):  
Oleksandr PAHIRIA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethnic Tensions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article studies the evolution of relationships between the Carpathian Sich paramilitary organization and the Czechoslovak security agencies on the territory of Podkarpatska Rus' (Capratho-Ukraine) at the turn of 1938 – 1939 as they escalated towards mutual hostility. Drawing on the vast archival sources the article traces three conflict lines between the sides: 1) interference by Sich members into the area of public order and security; 2) anti-Czech demonstrations sparked by the controversial decision of Prague to nominate the Czech army general Lev Prchala to the post of the third minister in the Carpatho-Ukraine autonomous government; 3) attempts by Sich members to steal weapons and ammunition from the depots of the Czechoslovak gendarmerie. Though frictions between the sides were visible even before, it was the mid-January 1939 decision of the Prague government to appoint general Prchala that stirred up Carpatho-Ukrainian society, led to the escalation of Czech-Ukrainian relations, and increased inter-ethnic tensions in Carpatho-Ukraine. It fostered the radicalization of the Carpathian Sich and boosted its aggression against the Czech presence in the region. These events put high on the Carpathian Sich agenda the necessity to replace the Czechoslovak security corps on the territory of Carpatho-Ukraine. They resulted in several armed clashes with the Czechs and attempts by Sich members to seize weapons from the gendarmerie deposits. As a rule, the autonomous government took the Sich side in these conflicts while pursuing its plans to increase the influence on the law enforcement agencies in the region. Amid heightened tensions, the armed conflict, which broke out between the Carpathian-Sich and Czechoslovak troops in Khust and its vicinities before the dissolution of the Czecho-Slovak Republic, was not a coincidence, but the logical outcome of the exponential escalation of their relations in the previous months. The studied antagonism reflected certain tendencies in the whole Second Czecho-Slovak republic, where the autonomous region of Slovakia and Podkarpatska Rus' had been striving for more powers in security and sought to get rid of excessive Prague patronage. In this regard, Carpathian Sich's actions against the Czechoslovak gendarmerie had many similarities with the Hlinka Guard's anti-Czech campaign in Slovakia. Keywords Czech-Slovakia, Capratho-Ukraine, Carpathian Sich, Lev Prchala, gendarmerie

Internet Jurisdiction and Intermediary Liability

2020 ◽  
pp. 689-708
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Law ◽  
Intermediary Liability ◽  
Geographical Scope

This chapter seeks to set the scene and make some proposals for how we may make progress in the field of internet jurisdiction. For this purpose, the chapter will focus on three examples where the matter of internet jurisdiction is a major concern for internet intermediaries. The first relates to the validity of the terms of service that internet intermediaries typically impose on their users, and which typically contain important provisions regarding jurisdiction and applicable law. The second example relates to situations in which law enforcement agencies seek access to user data held by internet intermediaries. Such situations give rise to important matters of jurisdiction, not only where the requesting law enforcement agency and the internet intermediary are based in different countries, but may also—as was illustrated in the well-known Microsoft Warrant case—give rise to such issues where the requested data is stored outside the country in which both the law enforcement agency and the internet intermediary are based. The third example relates to the matter of geographical scope where an internet intermediary is required to remove, block, take down, delist, de-index, or de-reference content.

scholarly journals Interaction between the state migration service and the national police – an important guarantee of human rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Valeriia Golub
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Law ◽  
National Police

The study is devoted to the problem of the need to increase the efficiency of the law enforcement system of Ukraine, its institutions such as the State Migration Service of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine. The article considers one of the areas of intensification of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs - the organization of their interaction, namely: a comprehensive approach to the state to ensure the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in Ukraine, effective measures to ensure public order and public security. Emphasis is placed on the need to take further steps to strengthen the interaction between the National Police and the State Migration Service, study and use in this process the positive experience of the law enforcement system of Ukraine. Appropriate measures are proposed for more effective cooperation between the State Migration Service and the National Police in ensuring human rights and freedoms in Ukraine. Considering the experience of the results of joint activities of the SCSU and the NPU on the protection of constitutional human rights and freedoms in the Kharkiv region, the study provides sound proposals for further and more effective promotion of such forms of work. The article provides examples of practical results of joint work of the SCSU and NPU, which confirm the feasibility of establishing cooperation in the functioning of these law enforcement agencies. The situation in the country with the protection and realization of the rights of some categories of foreign citizens and stateless persons staying on the territory of Ukraine is also analyzed. The study examines the current situation in the country with the protection of refugee rights, highlights the factors that force society and government agencies that determine migration policy in Ukraine, to pay attention to this, to focus on the factors and consequences of these violations. Keywords: National Police of Ukraine, State Migration Service of Ukraine, interaction, law enforcement body, human rights, migrant, refugee, public safety, public order.

scholarly journals Shifting Security Paradigm in Contemporary Era: Role of Law Enforcement Agencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Sudip Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Law

In setting of today’s security challenges, striving for sound policing of military character through paramilitary, auxiliary and armed police forces has usurped. The law enforcement agencies are engaged to curb the security threats at realm of dynamic security challenges. The changing perspectives of security scenario along with modern security challenges like terrorism, out and in migration, armed activities and actions of non-state actors are very common to states. The security challenges due to the increase in terrorism, extremism, armed conflict, insurgency, civil war, cyber threats, and non-state actor’s activities, are some of the looming security concerns affecting effectiveness and efficacy of the law enforcement agencies. This research is conducted by applying descriptive research method and secondary sources to identify the perspectives of modern-day security situation and role of law enforcement agencies to combat these challenges. This paper highlights the contemporary security challenges contextualized at the global realm to offer possible future strategies in general for the security agencies within and outside the country.

Penerapan Hukum Wakaf Uang di Indonesia Perspektif Legal System Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masdar Masdar
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Cash waqf in Indonesia has been long enough implemented based on some rules enacted by government and other rules defined by The Waqf Board of Indonesia (BWI). However, the implementation of cash waqf has not reached the level of success. Therefore, this article studies the application of cash waqf law in Indonesia according to Friedman’s legal system theory. The legal system theory of Friedman firstly looks at the substance of the law, which is the rules or regulations; and secondly it examines the structure of the law, encompassing the law enforcement agencies, such as judge, prosecutor, police and legal counselors. And lastly the theory examines the element of legal culture, which is a response from Muslim society. The first two examinations indicate that there is nothing to be a problem. But from the last examination there is a problem regarding the trust from Muslim society. From the legal culture point of view, the implementation of cash waqf by the government, which is performed by BWI, needs attracting society’s credentials in order to improve and maximize the performance of cash waqf in Indonesia.

Public Order: Concept and Category Content

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
R. G. Kalustov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

The article discusses the emergence and development, as well as existing approaches to understanding the concept of “public order”. The history of the formation of this category is examined by analyzing regulatory legal acts. This method allows you to track the change in value and determine how to correctly understand the “public order” today. Revealing the concept, ambiguity arises in understanding this category, in connection with which the most applicable approach is currently determined for use in practice by law enforcement agencies.

EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF ORGANIZING ACTIVITIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER WITH SERVICE DOGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
С.А. Лукашев
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Special Means

В статье рассматривается такой вид специальных средств, как служебные собаки, которые используются сотрудниками правоохранительных органов зарубежных стран при охране общественного порядка. This article addresses the type of special means such as service dogs, which are used by law enforcement officers of foreign countries in public order. There were analyzed cases of their use by various law enforcement agencies in consideration of this topic.

Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? Assuring a Legally Prepared Workforce

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (S4) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Viverette ◽  
Jennifer Leaning ◽  
Susan K. Steeg ◽  
Kristine M. Gebbie ◽  
Maureen Litchveld
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Association ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chiefs Of Police ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

The Commission on the Accreditation of Law Enforcement (CALEA) employs rigorous evaluation techniques. Objective accreditation, such as made possible by CALEA, is important from the public’s perspective and in the national community of law enforcement.To counteract a general distrust of law enforcement agencies, the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) developed a grant to develop standards by which the quality and performance of law enforcement could be measured. LEAA developed 107 standards and, though well received by the law enforcement community, no single group or agency took the initiative to begin a program to evaluate and implement the standards. In 1979, the Department of Justice established an additional grant that effectively organized the four major law enforcement groups: the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the National Sheriff’s Association, the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, and the Police Executive Research Forum.

scholarly journals Tools and Methods of Work of Law Enforcement Agencies in the Sphere of Economic Law Infringements

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 606-618
Author(s):  
Olena Kozynets ◽  
Alla Nitchenko ◽  
Andrii Kholostenko ◽  
Petro Zhovtan ◽  
Larysa Luhosh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Academic Paper ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
The Law ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Tools And Methods

The global transformations of the economy through the system of information technologies have led to the spread of new manifestations of crime, mainly in the areas of money transfer, foreign exchange transactions, international logistics schemes. Consequently, there is a need to develop highly effective tools and methods of law enforcement agencies in the sphere of economic law infringements. The purpose of the research is to investigate modern tools and methods used in the activities of law enforcement agencies in order to prevent economic law infringements. The research methods are as follows: systematization, generalization, analysis of the regulatory framework, the method of comparative analysis; system and logical analysis, method of information synthesis; quantitative method. Results. The means and methods of work of law enforcement agencies in the field of economic law infringements have been analyzed in the academic paper. A comparative analysis of the application of tools and methods of law enforcement agencies in the field of economic law infringements in European countries has been conducted. It has been noted that they have been experiencing significant structural and technological changes, which makes it possible to more effectively identify economic violations of the law and prevent their implementation in various spheres of economic activity. The necessity of introducing modern information and technological methods of work of law enforcement agencies in order to overcome the growing number of economic law infringements has been proved. The concept of modern tools and methods of counteraction to economic law infringements has been considered and the further development of system of means and methods of counteraction to economic law infringements has been offered. The results of the research can be used to study trends in the development of tools and methods of law enforcement agencies in the field of economic violations of the law.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USE OF ELECTROSHOCK WEAPON

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Sergejs Talapins ◽  
Eduards Agafonovs
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Control Order ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right

Currently, the use of firearms and special devices by law enforcement agencies in civilised democracies is strictly determined in accordance with the current legislation on the use of firearms and special devices. Their illegitimate or unauthorised application causes censure and sparks public outcry. Nevertheless, sometimes situations arise in which it is difficult and problematic for a law enforcement officer to make the right decision on the use of firearms, physical force, special devices and military working dogs. At the moment, the officers of the Latvian Border Guard are often simply unable to resist the illegal actions of offenders, since the current legislation is not always capable of justifying the lawful actions of the border guard. Also, sometimes the specific character of duty performance (a large crowd of people, the proximity of the state border) makes it impossible to use firearms. At the same time, the lack of regular training on the practical use of special devices (stack, handcuffs and others) significantly reduces the chances of their successful use by the Latvian Border Guard officers. Bearing and using electroshock weapons, and specifically stun guns of the TASER type, will significantly increase the level of security of the Latvian Border Guard staff, and will also allow the use of stun guns to ensure public order without risk to others and with minimal risk to the offender. The stun guns will allow you to blur the lines between physical abilities and the degree of physical fitness of the border guard and the offender, as a result of which a fragile girl - border guard can easily neutralise a raging athlete who is trying to disrupt public order and border control order with minimal harm.  

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