Vaccine Hesitancy: Past and Present in the COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Heidi J Larson
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Media Monitoring ◽  
Depth Interviews

Vaccine-hesitant individuals are a heterogeneous group that are indecisive in varying degrees – more of a spectrum – about specific vaccines or vaccination in general. Vaccine hesitancy is complex, varying by vaccine, time, context, geographic region, and sub-population. There is an “infodemic” that needs to be fought alongside the pandemic as exposure to misinformation is linked to a reduction in an individual’s intentions to vaccinate. In addressing vaccine hesitancy, it is key to 1) identify the subpopulations susceptible to vaccine hesitancy, 2) diagnose issues through various research methods – surveys, in-depth interviews, focus groups, or media monitoring – and 3) develop context-tailored, evidence-based interventions to address those reasons. Sensitivity to the context and effective communication are key to successful immunization programs, alongside other critical factors (confidence, complacency and convenience – the 3Cs model); engaging stakeholders in dialogue is critical to intervention design and implementation.

scholarly journals Acceptability of HPV Vaccine for Males and Preferences for Future Education Programs Among Appalachian Residents

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Reiter ◽  
Benjamin R. Oldach ◽  
Katherine E. Randle ◽  
Mira L. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Appalachian Ohio

Appalachia is a geographic region with several disparities related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, yet little is known about acceptability of HPV vaccine for males among Appalachian residents. HPV vaccine acceptability and preferences for future HPV vaccine education programs were examined among residents of Appalachian Ohio. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with Appalachian Ohio residents between July and October 2011. Participants ( n = 102 from 24 focus groups and 5 in-depth interviews) included four key stakeholder groups: health care providers, community leaders, parents with adolescent sons, and young adult men ages 18 to 26 years. Support for vaccinating males against HPV was high among participants, despite low awareness and knowledge about HPV vaccine for males. Participants reported three categories of potential barriers to vaccinating males against HPV: concerns about vaccine safety and side effects, access to care and vaccination logistics, and gender and cultural issues. Participants reported that HPV vaccine was viewed as being only for females in their communities and that receiving the vaccine may be emasculating or embarrassing to males. Participants suggested that future HPV vaccine education programs mainly target parents, include basic information about HPV-related diseases and HPV vaccine (e.g., number of doses, cost), and present the vaccine as having the potential to prevent cancer (as opposed to preventing genital warts). Acceptability of HPV vaccine for males was high among residents of Appalachian Ohio. Future HPV vaccine education programs in Appalachia should address common potential barriers to vaccination and help destigmatize vaccination among males.

scholarly journals Love for the Motherland

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paul Goode
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

In recent years, the Russian government has promoted patriotism as a means to unify society and secure the legitimacy of Putin’s regime. This paper considers the effectiveness of this campaign by examining everyday understandings of patriotism among Russian citizens. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus groups conducted in two regions in 2014–2015, patriotism is lived and experienced among ordinary Russians as a personal, normative, and apolitical ideal that diverges significantly from official patriotic narratives. At the same time, Russians are convinced that the majority of fellow citizens are patriotic in the ways envisioned by the government. As a result, the government’s use of patriotism is more effective in raising barriers to collective action than cultivating legitimacy. At the same time, everyday forms of patriotism encourage citizens to sacrifice public choice and to tolerate authoritarian rule.

Implementation of the Comprehensive Operating Room Ergonomics Program for Surgeons Through an OT Approach: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512515314p1-7512515314p1
Author(s):  
Pamela Hess ◽  
Penelope Moyers Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Program ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/22/21 The Comprehensive Operating Room Ergonomics (CORE) program was developed to address the physical and environmental demands among surgeons. This feasibility study examined the design and implementation process of an evidence-based OT ergonomics intervention using a mixed-methods research design. The CORE program supports the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Vision 2025 of promoting population health and wellness, especially among surgeons who are essential to our health care system. Primary Author and Speaker: Pamela Hess Additional Authors and Speakers: Elena Donoso Brown

scholarly journals Difficulties and motivations for physical exercise in women older than 65 years. A qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda López-Benavente ◽  
José Arnau-Sánchez ◽  
Tania Ros-Sánchez ◽  
Mª Beatriz Lidón-Cerezuela ◽  
Araceli Serrano-Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify difficulties and motivations for the practice of physical exercise in women older than 65 years. Method: qualitative study based on the phenomenological theory, with focus groups and in-depth interviews. The nursing staff selected 15 women by intentional sampling using the following criteria: age, time dedicated to physical exercise, independence, and absence of cognitive impairment and contraindication for this activity. Two focus groups were formed (one of them did physical exercise for less than 150 minutes per week and the other at least 150 minutes per week) in addition to conducting five in-depth interviews. Qualitative analysis of the data was performed through transcription, coding, categorization, and verification of results. Results: the difficulties to start and develop physical exercise were circumscribed to the perception of poor health and lack of free time; both circumstances result from care obligation, being represented as a gender imposition. However, the motivations are related to perception of strength, need for socialization, and perception of autonomy and freedom. Conclusions: the ideological representation of gender determines the women’s decision to exercise. Knowing the meaning and significance that women give to health and their role in the socio-family environment allows nurses to develop relationships and interventions to encourage the practice of physical exercise.

Nursing culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M Henderson ◽  
Margaret Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Nursing Culture ◽  
Ready Access

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is challenging for most nurses due to the time constraints of caring for patients and the emerging pressures of a changing health service. To explore these challenges, and thus to establish possible means of overcoming them, three focus groups ( n = 17) with children’s nurses were conducted. Participants were asked how they would define EBP, what the barriers to EBP were, what skills they needed to help access evidence and how they could integrate evidence into everyday practice. Data were analysed thematically and the anticipated themes of definitions of EBP, barriers, education and nursing culture were determined. Important subthemes were personal and employer disengagement, passivity and lack of resource utilisation. Passive use of evidence readily available in patient folders and on the wards was common. It seemed that little consideration was given to how often this evidence was updated. Nurses define their access to evidence as primarily passive in nature. This is reinforced by a lack of ready access to ongoing education and a perceived lack of investment at institutional level in their continued engagement with evidence. Promoting EBP needs to engage more with those ritual and traditional aspects of nursing culture to challenge these perceptions.

scholarly journals Measuring context-dependent memory in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of important variables in the object-in-context task.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Sep ◽  
Marijn Vellinga ◽  
R. Angela Sarabdjitsingh ◽  
Marian Joëls
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Learning Trials

Environmental information plays an important role in remembering events. Information about stable aspects of the environment (here referred to as ‘context’) and the event are combined by the hippocampal system and stored as context-dependent memory. In rodents (such as rats and mice), context-dependent memory is often investigated with the object-in-context task. However, the implementation and interpretation of this task varies considerably across studies. This variation hampers the comparison between studies and - for those who design a new experiment or carry out pilot experiments – the estimation of whether observed behavior is within the expected range. Also, it is currently unclear which of the variables critically influence the outcome of the task. To address these issues, we carried out a preregistered systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020191340) and provide an up-to-date overview of the animal-, task-, and protocol-related variations in the object-in-context task for rodents. Using a data-driven explorative meta-analysis we next identified critical factors influencing the outcome of this task, such as sex, testbox size and the delay between the learning trials. Based on these observations we provide recommendations to create more consensus in the set-up, procedure and interpretation of the object-in-context task for rodents. This could contribute to a more robust and evidence-based design in future animal experiments.

scholarly journals Linguistic identity among new speakers of Basque

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (231) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Ortega ◽  
Jacqueline Urla ◽  
Estibaliz Amorrortu ◽  
Jone Goirigolzarri ◽  
Belen Uranga
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Speakers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Family Transmission

Abstract The increase in Basque speakers in the last 30 years has been due in large part to ‘new speakers’ or euskaldunberri, a term that will be used here to refer to those who have learned the language by means other than family transmission. While very significant in numbers, to date this group has not been the object of much study. Little is known about their attitudes and motivations, how they perceive themselves as Basque speakers, or their language use and transmission patterns. Acquiring answers to these questions is of strategic importance for developing an effective evidence-based language policy for the future. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of new speakers. Drawing on data from focus groups and interviews, the central goal of the article is to examine how new speakers of differing profiles perceive and locate themselves with respect to the popularly used labels for “new” and “native” Basque speakers and the ideologies of authenticity and legitimacy that seem to shape these perceptions. The analysis shows that learning the language alone, even to a high degree of competence, does not guarantee a view of themselves as true and genuine speakers of Basque.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: shortening the last mile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Chevallier ◽  
Anne-Sophie Hacquin ◽  
Hugo Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Communication Campaigns ◽  
Second Use

We offer three recommendations to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates. First, use communication campaigns leveraging evidence-based levers and argumentation tools with experts. Second, use behavioral insights to make vaccination more accessible. Third, help early adopters communicate about their decision to be vaccinated to accelerate the emergence of pro-vaccination norms.

Using ERG Theory as a Lens to Understand the Sharing of Academic Tacit Knowledge

2015 ◽  
pp. 1244-1272
Author(s):  
Ta Van Canh ◽  
Suzanne Zyngier
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter provides a direct view of the higher education environment in a transition economy. It reports research findings on barriers to sharing knowledge among Vietnamese academic and managerial colleagues, focusing on three factors: time, capital, and management capacity. It draws on data from focus groups and from in-depth interviews of Vietnamese members of faculty from six major universities. A key finding of this study is that work-overload leaves little time for collaborative research. Together with insufficient English skills and bureaucratic management, it contributes to measurable levels of cheating and corruption in education that in turn lead to low quality and quantity of international academic publications and of patents. This finding indicates that there is a strong link with both Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (ERG) theory and Maslow's theory of need with both the quality and quantity of international publications produced by Vietnamese academics.

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