scholarly journals The relationship between y balance performance and hip strength in recreationally trained women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e327101019167
Author(s):  
Gabriel Andrade Paz ◽  
Haroldo Gualter Santana ◽  
Francine de Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Carlos Balbino Brandão ◽  
Victor dos Santos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Relationship

This study set one´s sight on the relationship between lower quarter y balance test (YBT-LQ) score with hip isometric strength with recreationally resistance-trained women. Utilizing dynamic balance as a screening tool for lower extremity injury risk has been proposed as a potential solution in injury prevention and injury assessment. A convenience sample of twenty young college females (22.3 ± 2.1 years) with a background in regular strength or plyometric training volunteered to participate in this study. The scores of YBT-LQ for each direction were calculated. A hand-held dynamometer was used to measure the maximum voluntary isometric strength of each participant´s unilateral hip extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, internal and external rotation muscles. Significant lower normalized score was noted for the dominant limb (81.2 ± 11.7) when compared to non-dominant limb (83.6 ± 12.4) for anterior distance. For the composite score of YBT-LQ, a weak association was noted for hip extension and internal rotation, and moderate association was observed for hip flexion, adduction, and abduction. On the other hand, a strong association was observed between hip external rotators strength (r =0.516). Thus, the main finding of the current study was the strong association observed between hip external rotators strength and composite score of YBT-LQ.

scholarly journals Hip Range of Motion and Strength and Energy Flow During Windmill Softball Pitching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen D. Oliver ◽  
Kyle Wasserberger ◽  
Anne de Swart ◽  
Kenzie Friesen ◽  
Jessica Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Relationship

Context Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility. Objective To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching-arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A sample of 29 youth softball pitchers (age = 11.2 ± 1.3 years, height = 155.0 ± 10.4 cm, mass = 53.2 ± 12.6 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s) Bilateral hip internal-rotation and external-rotation (ER) ROM and ISO were measured. Net energy outflow and peak rates of energy outflow from the distal ends of the trunk, humerus, and forearm were calculated for the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, and pitch speed was measured. Results Regression analysis revealed an effect of drive-hip ER ISO on the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk (P = .045) and humerus (P = .002). Specifically, increased drive-hip ER ISO was associated with increased net energy outflow from the trunk to the humerus and from the humerus to the forearm. No significant effects of hip ROM or other hip ISO measures were observed. Additionally, pitchers who achieved higher peak rates of distal outflow tended to achieve higher pitch speeds. Conclusions An association was present between drive-hip ER ISO and the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk and humerus during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, emphasizing the importance of hip and lower body strength in executing the whole-body windmill pitch. Overall, energy-flow analysis is an interesting new way to analyze pitching mechanics and will aid in furthering our understanding of performance and injury risk in windmill softball pitching.

Effects of Hip Range of Motion and Isometric Strength on Energy Flow during Windmill Softball Pitching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen D. Oliver ◽  
Kyle Wasserberger ◽  
Anne de Swart ◽  
Kenzie Friesen ◽  
Jessica Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Context:Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility. Objective:To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed. Design:Descriptive laboratory study. Setting:University research laboratory. Participants:A sample of 29 youth softball pitchers (11.2±1.3 yrs.; 155.0±10.4 cm; 53.2±12.6 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s):Bilateral hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) ROM and ISO were measured. Net energy outflow and peak rates of energy outflow from the distal ends of the trunk, humerus, and forearm were calculated for the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, and pitch speed was measured. Results:Regression analysis revealed a significant effect of drive hip ER ISO on the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk (p=0.045) and humerus (p=0.002). Specifically, increased drive hip ER ISO was associated with increased net energy outflow from the trunk to the humerus and from the humerus to the forearm. No significant effects of hip ROM or other hip ISO measures were observed. Additionally, pitchers who achieved higher peak rates of distal outflow tended to also achieve higher pitch speeds. Conclusions:There is an association between drive hip ER ISO and the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk and humerus during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, emphasizing the importance of hip and lower body strength in the execution of the whole-body windmill pitch. Overall, energy flow analysis is an interesting new way to analyze pitching mechanics and will aid in further understanding of performance and injury risk in windmill softball pitching.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Humeral Torsion and Arm Injury in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Helmkamp ◽  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Allison Rao ◽  
Ellen Shanley ◽  
Charles Thigpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Humeral Torsion ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Humeral torsion (HT) has been linked to various injuries and benefits. However, the exact interplay between HT, shoulder range of motion (ROM), competition level differences, and injury risk is unclear. Objective: To determine the relationship between HT, ROM, and injury risk in baseball players. Secondarily, to determine HT based on competition level. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until November 4, 2018. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) HT measurements and (2) arm injury or shoulder ROM. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Two reviewers recorded patient demographics, competition level, HT, shoulder ROM, and injury data. Results: A total of 32 studies were included. There was no difference between baseball players with shoulder and elbow injuries and noninjured players (side-to-side HT difference: mean difference [MD], 1.75 [95% CI, –1.83 to 2.18]; dominant arm: MD, 0.17 [95% CI, –1.83 to 2.18]). Meta-regression determined that for every 1° increase in shoulder internal rotation (IR), there was a subsequent increase of 0.65° in HT (95% CI, 0.28 to 1.02). HT did not explain external rotation (ER ROM: 0.19 [95% CI, –0.24 to 0.61]) or horizontal adduction (HA ROM: 0.18 [95% CI, –0.46 to 0.82]). There were no differences between HT at the high school, college, or professional levels. Conclusion: No relationship was found between HT and injury risk. However, HT explained 65% of IR ROM but did not explain ER ROM or HA ROM. There were no differences in HT pertaining to competition level. The majority of IR may be nonmodifiable. Treatment to restore and maintain clinical IR may be important, especially in players with naturally greater torsion. HT adaptation may occur prior to high school, which can assist in decisions regarding adolescent baseball participation.

The Relationship Between Hip Strength and the Y Balance Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Wilson ◽  
Kaley E. Robertson ◽  
Jeremy M. Burnham ◽  
Michael C. Yonz ◽  
Mary Lloyd Ireland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abduction Strength

Context: The Y Balance Test was developed as a test of dynamic postural control and has been shown to be predictive of lower-extremity injury. However, the relationship between hip strength and performance on the Y Balance Test has not been fully elucidated. Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between components of isometric hip strength and the Y Balance Test, to provide clinicians better guidance as to specific areas of muscle performance to address in the event of poor performance on the Y Balance Test. Design: Laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 73 healthy participants (40 males and 33 females) volunteered for this study. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed the Y Balance Test on the right leg. The authors then measured peak isometric torque in hip external rotation, abduction, and extension. Correlations were calculated between torque measurements, normalized for mass and Y Balance Test performance. Significant relationships were used in linear regression models to determine which variables were predictive of the Y Balance Test performance. Results: The authors found significant positive correlations between Y Balance Test performance and hip abduction strength. They also found correlations between the Y Balance Test and hip extension and external rotation strengths. Linear regression analysis showed hip abduction to be the only significant predictor of Y Balance performance. Conclusions: The authors found the strongest association between the Y Balance Test and hip abduction strength. They also showed smaller but significant associations with hip extension and external rotation strength. When entered into a linear regression analysis, hip abduction strength was the only significant predictor of Y Balance performance. Using this information, practitioners should look to hip abduction strength when patients exhibit deficits in the Y Balance Test.

scholarly journals The relationship between range of motion and muscle strength of the shoulder joint in professional baseball pitchers

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Baseball Team ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength of the shoulder joint, adjusted for humeral head retroversion angle (HHRA), in professional baseball pitchers. Material and Methods: A total of 18 pitchers from a professional baseball team were included in this study. The isometric strength of internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) were measured using an isokinetic device at 85◦ and 30◦ ER, and at 25◦ IR. A linear regression analysis was then performed. Results: The HHRA of the dominant arm was approximately 7◦ greater than that of the non-dominant arm (P < 0.001). As the IR ROM increased by 1◦, the IR isometric strength at 25◦ IR was significantly increased by 0.448% body weight (P < 0.05). However, as the ROM of IR increased, the IR isometric strength at 85◦ and 30◦ ER was not significant (P > 0.05), and as the ROM of ER increased, the IR and ER isometric strength were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Thus, the increase of IR ROM in professional baseball pitchers was associated with an increase in isometric strength at 25◦ IR, after adjustments were made for HHRA.

The Effect of Shoulder Plyometric Training on Amortization Time and Upper-Extremity Kinematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Aaron H. Struminger ◽  
Kellie C. Huxel Bliven ◽  
John D. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Before And After

Context:Plyometric training is credited with providing benefits in performance and dynamic restraint. However, limited prospective data exist quantifying kinematic adaptations such as amortization time, glenohumeral rotation, and scapulothoracic position, which may underlie the efficacy of plyometric training for upper-extremity rehabilitation or performance enhancement.Objective:To measure upper-extremity kinematics and plyometric phase times before and after an 8-wk upper-extremity strength- and plyometric-training program.Design:Randomized pretest–posttest design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 recreationally active men (plyometric group, age 20.43 ± 1.40 y, height 180.00 ± 8.80 cm, weight 73.07 ± 7.21 kg; strength group, age 21.95 ± 3.40 y, height 173.98 ± 11.91 cm, weight 74.79 ± 13.55 kg).Intervention:Participants were randomly assigned to either a strength-training group or a strength- and plyometric-training group. Each participant performed the assigned training for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Dynamic and static glenohumeral and scapular-rotation measurements were taken before and after the training programs. Dynamic measurement of scapular rotation and time spent in each plyometric phase (concentric, eccentric, and amortization) during a ball-toss exercise were recorded while the subjects were fitted with an electromagnetic tracking system. Static measures included scapular upward rotation at 3 different glenohumeral-abduction angles, glenohumeral internal rotation, and glenohumeral external rotation.Results:Posttesting showed that both groups significantly decreased the time spent in the amortization, concentric, and eccentric phases of a ball-toss exercise (P < .01). Both groups also exhibited significantly decreased static external rotation and increased dynamic scapular upward rotation after the training period (P < .01). The only difference between the training protocols was that the plyometric-training group exhibited an increase in internal rotation that was not present in the strength-training group (P < .01).Conclusion:These findings support the use of both upper-extremity plyometrics and strength training for reducing commonly identified upper-extremity-injury risk factors and improving upper-extremity performance.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Maximum Isometric Strength and Ball Velocity in the Tennis Serve

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Baiget ◽  
Francisco Corbi ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes ◽  
Jaime Fernández-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between maximum isometric strength levels in different upper and lower limb joints and serve velocity in competitive tennis players as well as to develop a prediction model based on this information. Twelve male competitive tennis players (mean ± SD; age: 17.2 ± 1.0 years; body height: 180.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 71.9 ± 5.6 kg) were tested using maximum isometric strength levels (i.e., wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion and extension; leg and back extension; shoulder external and internal rotation). Serve velocity was measured using a radar gun. Results showed a strong positive relationship between serve velocity and shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.67; p < 0.05). Low to moderate correlations were also found between serve velocity and wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion – extension, leg and back extension and shoulder external rotation (r = 0.36 – 0.53; p = 0.377 – 0.054). Bivariate and multivariate models for predicting serve velocity were developed, with shoulder flexion and internal rotation explaining 55% of the variance in serve velocity (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The maximum isometric strength level in shoulder internal rotation was strongly related to serve velocity, and a large part of the variability in serve velocity was explained by the maximum isometric strength levels in shoulder internal rotation and shoulder flexion.

Relationship between medication adherence and psychosocial adjustment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Duygu Kes ◽  
Feray Gökdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Large City ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
The Relationship

Adherence to drug treatment is a multidimensional concept. It is affected by many factors, such as physiological, psychological, family, environmental and social conditions. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between adherence to medication and psychosocial adjustment. The aim was to explore the relationship between adherence to antidiabetic drugs and the psychosocial adjustment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted between March and June 2018. A convenience sample of participants was recruited from seven internal disease outpatient clinics at a public tertiary hospital, located in a large city that serves as a gateway to nearby rural and urban areas in the north-west region of Turkey. Data were collected using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS-7), and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale–Self Report (PAIS–SR). This study is reported in accordance with STROBE. Pearson’s correlation analysis found a significant weak positive correlation between all domains of the PAIS–SR and the total scores on the ARMS‐7. The participants’ scores on medication refill were found to be significantly and positively correlated with all of the PAIS–SR domain scores except the sexual relationships domain. Psychosocial care could play a crucial role in improving drug regimen adherence among patients with diabetes. Therefore, nurses should integrate psychosocial care into daily practice.

scholarly journals Post-Drive Standing Balance of Vehicle Passengers Using Wearable Sensors: The Effect of On-Road Driving and Task Performance

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4997
Author(s):  
Victor C. Le ◽  
Monica L. H. Jones ◽  
Kathleen H. Sienko
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Postural sway has been demonstrated to increase following exposure to different types of motion. However, limited prior studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to normative on-road driving conditions and standing balance following the exposure. The purpose of this on-road study was to quantify the effect of vehicle motion and task performance on passengers’ post-drive standing balance performance. In this study, trunk-based kinematic data were captured while participants performed a series of balance exercises before and after an on-road driving session in real-time traffic. Postural sway for all balance exercises increased following the driving session. Performing a series of ecologically relevant visual-based tasks led to increases in most post-drive balance metrics such as sway position and velocity. However, the post-drive changes following the driving session with a task were not significantly different compared to changes observed following the driving session without a task. The post-drive standing balance performance changes observed in this study may increase vulnerable users’ risk of falling. Wearable sensors offer an opportunity to monitor postural sway following in-vehicle exposures.

scholarly journals Uric Acid and Hypertension: Prognostic Role and Guide for Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Federica Piani ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽  
Claudio Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension has been a subject of increasing interest since the 1870 discovery by Frederick Akbar Mahomed. Several epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between high SUA levels and the presence or the development of hypertension. Genetic analyses have found that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) genetic polymorphisms are associated with hypertension. However, genetic studies on urate transporters and Mendelian randomization studies failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between SUA and hypertension. Results from clinical trials on the role of urate-lowering therapy in the management of patients with hypertension are not uniform. Our study sought to analyze the prognostic and therapeutic role of SUA in the hypertensive disease, from uric acid (UA) biology to clinical trials on urate-lowering therapies.

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