Development of modular wrist, hand and finger orthesis by additive manufacturing

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been considered an innovative technology for the development of orthoses. Even so, the use of AM, utilizing low cost rigid and flexible material which can be used in different ways by the same user, to produce a modular orthosis has yet to be explored. Purpose: Develop a modular wrist, hand and finger orthosis that can be utilized as a functional or static orthosis, depending on the therapeutic objective. This being produced by low cost Additive Manufacturing, through a single anatomy acquisition process. Approach: Firstly, requirements for modularization and development were defined in a team with occupational therapists and mechanical engineers, After indirect anatomy acquisition of a volunteer, without disabilities, two parts of the same orthosis were modeled, one flexible (functional) and the other rigid (static). These were printed on PLA (rigid part) and flexible TPU (functional part) with an Open Source printer. In addition, fastening strips were also made in flexible TPU. Findings: Three parts of which make up the modular orthosis were produced. This can be used in two different ways; one being to maintain the static posture of the wrist, hand and fingers and the other to provide functionality of the hands, but with the correct positioning of the wrist and thumb. Originality: Even with low-cost material and an open source machine, it was possible to generate an innovative proposal with the use of AM as the orthosis manufacturing process.

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3-D Printable Polymer Pelletizer Chopper for Fused Granular Fabrication-Based Additive Manufacturing

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions3040078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Aubrey Woern ◽

Joshua Pearce

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Open Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Tolerance ◽

Entire Process ◽

Composite Fabrication ◽

The Us ◽

Color Mixing ◽

Returns On Investment

Although distributed additive manufacturing can provide high returns on investment, the current markup on commercial filament over base polymers limits deployment. These cost barriers can be surmounted by eliminating the entire process of fusing filament by three-dimensional (3-D) printing products directly from polymer granules. Fused granular fabrication (FGF) (or fused particle fabrication (FPF)) is being held back in part by the accessibility of low-cost pelletizers and choppers. An open-source 3-D printable invention disclosed here allows for precisely controlled pelletizing of both single thermopolymers as well as composites for 3-D printing. The system is designed, built, and tested for its ability to provide high-tolerance thermopolymer pellets with a number of sizes capable of being used in an FGF printer. In addition, the chopping pelletizer is tested for its ability to chop multi-materials simultaneously for color mixing and composite fabrication as well as precise fractional measuring back to filament. The US$185 open-source 3-D printable pelletizer chopper system was successfully fabricated and has a 0.5 kg/h throughput with one motor, and 1.0 kg/h throughput with two motors using only 0.24 kWh/kg during the chopping process. Pellets were successfully printed directly via FGF as well as indirectly after being converted into high-tolerance filament in a recyclebot.

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Java Bridge Module dan Java Component API untuk SID Simulator

JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA ◽

10.15408/jti.v4i2.2008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Hasrul Ma’ruf, Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Embedded System ◽

Key Words ◽

Open Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

The Other ◽

Software Components ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Component Development ◽

Socket Communication

Simulation tools help creating a low cost and efficient development of embedded system. SID is an open source simulator software that consists library of components for modelling hardware and software components. A component can be written in C/C++ and Tcl/Tk. Currently, the SID simulation toolkit only provides support for C++ and Tcl/Tk. Tcl/Tk is used to create GUI-based components. However, we have observed that Tcl/Tk components causing slow simulation response. Developing GUI using Tcl/Tk is also inflexible. Thus it is not proper for developing the cutting-edge products with rich graphics. In this work, we introduced the idea of Java as an alternative platform for developing components in SID. We suggest two design approaches for Java Bridge module for SID. One is the approach based on socket communication, and the other is based on JNI. SID API for Java component development is also proposed to ensure the compatibility and simplicity of SID components in Java. Key-Words: - Embedded system, Simulator, SIDd, Bridge component, Java, Software

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Uma Proposta Open Source de Baixo Custo para Proteção e Geolocalização de Bebês em Veículos Automotores (SafeBaby)

10.14210/cotb.v12.p095-101 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Barbosa ◽

Anderson Queiroz ◽

Wanderson L Lira ◽

Kelvin Dias ◽

Eduardo Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Open Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

The Other ◽

Circuit Boards ◽

Health Issues ◽

Communication Devices ◽

The Face ◽

Hardware Circuit ◽

Warning Lights

Numerous health issues and even deaths are becoming common incases of forgotten babies or children inside vehicles. In this context,we present a proposal based on a low-cost, open-source platform,which aims to protect these children by controlling the car’s mainsecurity functions, as well as its geolocation, to assist the decisionmakingprocess of those responsible for the children. SafeBaby isan integrated and modularized solution categorized in two groups,the first being hardware: circuit boards, sensors for different applications,a group of different cabling and communication devices,and the other software: a logic code that has the function to capture,monitor, interpret and decide on the various aspects that involvethe safety of a infant inside a vehicle. The system was designed toaccomplish decision-making in the face of an event by lowering theelectric windows, activating the warning lights, horns, unlockingthe doors, and sending the notifications for those responsible forthe child, as well as the geolocation to safeguard life.

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Analysis and interface design for arduino-based PLC connection with allen bradley PLC via ethernet.

Scientia et technica ◽

10.22517/23447214.20921 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 504-511

Author(s):

Guillermo Roberto Solarte Martinez

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Interface Design ◽

Low Cost ◽

The Other ◽

Production Data ◽

Industrial Automation ◽

Proprietary Software ◽

Physical Data ◽

The One ◽

A Company

Abstract—. In this research, we propose the creation of an interface that allows the connection between PLC equipment from different manufacturers and software profit philosophy, on the one hand we have the industrial automation [1] giant Allen Bradley, who has a strong presence in our region, and has with a suite of proprietary software that increases its cost proportionally with its functionality, and on the other hand Industrial Shields, a company that has emerged in the search for low-cost equipment, sheltered by the apogee and boom of technology based on open source [2], which offers equipment with industrial support features, programmable in Open Source platforms; all this in order to take advantage of the infrastructure currently installed based on proprietary software for the capture of physical data and open the barriers of software limitations so that production data can be exported and displayed at the executive's level and pleasure, without thinking about acquiring software in the range of tens of millions of pesos but investing in knowledge taking advantage of the doors that open up when programming on free platforms open to the community of programmers multidisciplinary

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DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM THROUGH SELECTIVE INHIBITION SINTERING (SIS) PROCESS AND EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FABRICATED PARTS

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v21i2.1354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 212-229

Author(s):

Mesfin Sisay Mengesha ◽

E. Balasubramanian ◽

P. Arunkumar ◽

M. Silambarasan ◽

D. Rajamani

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Open Source ◽

Material Selection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Control Unit ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Selective Inhibition ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Selective Inhibition Sintering

Additive manufacturing (AM) is widely being used in today’s contemporary industry; however, products fabricated by the existing AM techniques are costly due to the high machine cost and low production rate. Therefore, the focus of this work is to design and fabricate a cost-effective and novel powder based selective inhibition sintering (SIS) system. Various subsystems of the machine such as the infrared heater assembly, inhibition deposition mechanism, build and feed tank assemblies, powder deposition, and the compaction system have been indigenously designed and fabricated. An electronic control system is also established through integrating sensors, linear and rotary actuators, belt and pulley mechanism, and temperature feedback control unit. The customized SIS system is developed by integrating the assembly of all the subsystems, and the electronic modules with an open-source platform to generate the necessary motion characteristics. Besides, an open source RepRap user interface firmware has been used to control the machine. Thermo-structural finite element analysis has been used to study the sintering behaviour of powder material. Inhibitor material selection and preparation have been carried out by performing an experimental investigation on the inhibition effects of various materials. The machine has been tested through fabricating parts from HDPE polymer powder. Finally, the performance of the produced parts has been evaluated by conducting an experimental investigation. The results of the investigation indicated that the fabricated parts have attained sufficient mechanical strength and, hence, the developed SIS system can be utilized to manufacture functional parts. ABSTRAK: Industri pembuatan bahan tambahan (AM) banyak digunakan dalam industri kontemporari semasa; walau bagaimanapun, produk yang terhasil daripada teknik sedia ada AM adalah mahal disebabkan harga mesin yang mahal dan kadar penghasilan yang rendah. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah bagi mereka cipta serbuk baharu dengan harga berpatutan berdasarkan sistem pensinteran rencatan pilihan (SIS). Pelbagai mesin subsistem seperti pemasangan pemanas inframerah, mekanisme pemendapan rencatan, binaan dan pemasangan tangki suapan, deposisi serbuk, dan sistem pemadatan telah direka cipta secara alami dan dipasang siap. Sistem kawalan elektronik juga diadakan melalui integrasi sensor, lelurus dan penggerak putaran, jaluran dan mekanisme takal dan suhu unit kawalan suap balik. Sistem SIS yang dibuat mengikut pesanan ini dihasilkan dengan mengintegrasi pemasangan kesemua subsistem, dan modul elektronik melalui platfom sumber terbuka bagi menghasilkan ciri-ciri pergerakan bersesuaian. Selain itu, sumber terbuka RepRap perisian tegar antara muka telah digunakan bagi mengawal mesin. Analisis unsur terhingga struktur-terma digunakan bagi mempelajari perihal pensinteran bahan serbuk. Pilihan bahan perencat dan persediaan telah dijalankan dengan menjalankan siasatan eksperimen pada kesan perencat pelbagai bahan. Mesin diuji melalui pemasangan bahagian daripada HDPE serbuk polimer. Akhirnya, bahagian yang terhasil diuji melalui ujian eksperimen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pemasangan bahagian telah mencapai kekuatan mekanikal mencukupi, dengan itu sistem SIS yang dibina boleh digunakan bagi mengilang bahagian berkaitan.

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Influence of the Layer Directions on the Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Fabricated through Fused Deposition of Metals

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13112493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Takashi Kurose ◽

Yoshifumi Abe ◽

Marcelo V. A. Santos ◽

Yota Kanaya ◽

Akira Ishigami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Low Cost ◽

The Other ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Direction Parallel ◽

Tensile Direction ◽

Fused Deposition

Metal specimens were fabricated via the fused deposition of metals (FDMet) technique with a filament composed of the 316L stainless steel particles and an organic binder. This process was adopted due to its potential as a low-cost additive manufacturing process. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the processing conditions—layer directions and layer thicknesses—on the mechanical and shrinkage properties of the metal components. The specimens were printed in three different layer directions. The highest ultimate strength of 453 MPa and strain at break of 48% were obtained in the specimen printed with the layer direction perpendicular to the tensile direction. On the other hand, the specimen printed in the layer direction parallel to the tensile direction exhibited poor mechanical properties. The reason for the anisotropy of the properties was investigated through systematic SEM observations. The observations revealed the presence of segregated binder domains in the filaments. It was deduced that the binder domain was oriented in the direction perpendicular to that of the layer and remained as oriented voids even after sintering. The voids oriented perpendicular to the tensile direction act as defects that could cause stress concentration, thus resulting in poor mechanical properties.

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3-D Printable Polymer Pelletizer Chopper for Fused Granular Fabrication-Based Additive Manufacturing

10.20944/preprints201811.0087.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aubrey L. Woern ◽

Joshua M. Pearce

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Open Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Tolerance ◽

Entire Process ◽

Composite Fabrication ◽

The Us ◽

Color Mixing ◽

Returns On Investment ◽

Held Back

Although distributed additive manufacturing can provide high returns on investment the current markup on commercial filament over base polymers limits deployment. These cost barriers can be surmounted by eliminating the entire process of fusing filament by 3-D printing products directly from polymer granules. Fused granular fabrication (FGF) (or fused particle fabrication (FPF)) is being held back in part by the accessibility of low-cost pelletizers and choppers. An open-source 3-D printable invention disclosed here provides for precise controlled pelletizing of both single thermopolymers as well as composites for 3-D printing. The system is designed, built and tested for its ability to provide high tolerance thermopolymer pellets from a number of sizes capable of being used in a FGF printer. In addition, the chopping pelletizer is tested for its ability to chop multi-materials simultaneously for color mixing and composite fabrication as well as precise fractional measuring back to filament. The US$185 open-source 3-D printable pelletizer chopper system was successfully fabricated and has a 0.5 kg/hr throughput with one motor, and 1.0 kg/hr throughput with two motors using only 0.24 kWh/kg during the chopping process. Pellets were successfully printed directly via FGF and indirectly after being converted into high-tolerance filament in a recyclebot.

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Toward autonomous additive manufacturing: Bayesian optimization on a 3D printer

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/s43577-021-00051-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James R. Deneault ◽

Jorge Chang ◽

Jay Myung ◽

Daylond Hooper ◽

Andrew Armstrong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Open Source ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Single Layer ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Research System ◽

New Materials

Abstract Materials exploration and development for three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies is slow and labor-intensive. Each 3D printing material developed requires unique print parameters be learned for successful part fabrication, and sub-optimal settings often result in defects or fabrication failure. To address this, we developed the Additive Manufacturing Autonomous Research System (AM ARES). As a preliminary test, we tasked AM ARES with autonomously modulating four print parameters to direct-write single-layer print features that matched target specifications. AM ARES employed automated image analysis as closed-loop feedback to an online Bayesian optimizer and learned to print target features in fewer than 100 experiments. In due course, this first-of-its-kind research robot will be tasked with autonomous multi-dimensional optimization of print parameters to accelerate materials discovery and development in the field of AM. The combining of open-source ARES OS software with low-cost hardware makes autonomous AM highly accessible, promoting mainstream adoption and rapid technological advancement. Impact statement The discovery and development of new materials and processes for three-dimensional (3D) printing is hindered by slow and labor-intensive trial-and-error optimization processes. Coupled with a pervasive lack of feedback mechanisms in 3D printers, this has inhibited the advancement and adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies as a mainstream manufacturing approach. To accelerate new materials development and streamline the print optimization process for AM, we have developed a low-cost and accessible research robot that employs online machine learning planners, together with our ARES OS software, which we will release to the community as open-source, to rapidly and effectively optimize the complex, high-dimensional parameter sets associated with 3D printing. In preliminary trials, the first-of-its-kind research robot, the Additive Manufacturing Autonomous Research System (AM ARES), learned to print single-layer material extrusion specimens that closely matched targeted feature specifications in under 100 iterations. Delegating repetitive and high-dimensional cognitive labor to research robots such as AM ARES frees researchers to focus on more creative, insightful, and fundamental scientific work and reduces the cost and time required to develop new AM materials and processes. The teaming of human and robot researchers begets a synergy that will exponentially propel technological progress in AM.

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Rapid mapping accuracy assessment using low-cost UAV and open-source Structure from Motion

Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana ◽

10.3301/rol.2020.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Ettore Potente ◽

Cosimo Cagnazzo ◽

Alessandro Deodati ◽

Giuseppe Mastronuzzi

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Structure From Motion ◽

Accuracy Assessment ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mapping Accuracy ◽

Rapid Mapping ◽

Source Structure

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On the Future of the Financial Redistribution across Member States in the EU

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.56.2006.1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 1-43

Author(s):

Sándor Richter

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

The Other ◽

Current Debate ◽

Member States ◽

New Member States ◽

Financial Position ◽

Cross Member ◽

Expenditure Structure ◽

The Eu ◽

Made In

The order and modalities of cross-member state redistribution as well as the net financial position of the member states are one of the most widely discussed aspects of European integration. The paper addresses selected issues in the current debate on the EU budget for the period 2007 to 2013 and introduces four scenarios. The first is identical to the European Commission's proposal; the second is based on reducing the budget to 1% of the EU's GNI, as proposed by the six net-payer countries, while maintaining the expenditure structure of the Commission's proposal. The next two scenarios represent radical reforms: one of them also features a '1% EU GNI'; however, the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are left unchanged and it is envisaged that the requisite cuts will be made in the expenditures earmarked for cohesion. The other reform scenario is different from the former one in that the cohesion-related expenditures are left unchanged and the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are reduced. After the comparison of the various scenarios, the allocation of transfers to the new member states in terms of the conditions prevailing in the different scenarios is analysed.

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