scholarly journals Viability of Candida albicans in different fomites and hospital surfaces under disinfectants and biological fluids influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e38010515049
Author(s):  
Thayná Ruiz Ferreira ◽  
Sérgio Marques Costa ◽  
Joyce Marinho de Souza ◽  
Anthony Cesar de Souza Castilho ◽  
Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter Eller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Healthcare Environments ◽  
Synthetic Fabric

Hospital environment has factors that promote increased infections caused by microorganisms allowing them to remain viable for long periods on surfaces and fomites. The aim of our study was to identify the viability of Candida albicans in hospital environment common surfaces with biological fluids presence and disinfectants. Four surfaces (cotton fabric, synthetic fabric, egg crate foam mattress and, ceramic floor) were contaminated with a strain of Candida albicans ATCC 26790 and with an association of distilled water, blood, saliva and urine. Also, combinations of surfaces and fluids with addition of 70% alcohol and 2% sodium hypochlorite were tested. Viability was identified at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days by Colony Forming Units counting. C. albicans presented 14 days viability in hospitals fabrics with absence of liquids and maintained this persistence under influence of distilled water and blood. It also showed low growth with urine addition and there was growth inhibition with 2% sodium hypochlorite while with 70% alcohol and blood there was persistence for up to 7 days in synthetic fabric and mattress. The understanding of these yeasts persistence in hospital surfaces and fomites is essential for a better delineation of protocols control the spread and these infections prevention in healthcare environments.

Comparison of Acrylamide and Agar Gels by Freeze-Etching

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Water Cut

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.

scholarly journals Candida albicans in patients with oronasal communication and obturator prostheses

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Silva Câmara Mattos ◽  
Andréa Alves de Sousa ◽  
Marina Helena C. G. de Magalhães ◽  
Marcia André ◽  
Reinaldo Brito e Dias
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Antifungal Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Candidal Infection ◽  
Oral Candida ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

Patients using obturator prostheses often present denture-induced stomatitis. In order to detect the presence of oral Candida albicans in patients with oronasal communications and to evaluate the effectiveness of a topical antifungal treatment, cytological smears obtained from the buccal and palatal mucosa of 10 adult patients, and from the nasal acrylic surface of their obturator prostheses were examined. A therapeutic protocol comprising the use of oral nystatin (Mycostatin®) and prosthesis disinfection with sodium hypochlorite was prescribed for all patients. Seven patients were positive for C. albicans in the mucosa, with 1 negative result for the prosthetic surface in this group of patients. Post-treatment evaluation revealed the absence of C. albicans on prosthesis surface and on the oral mucosa of all patients. The severity of the candidal infection was significantly higher in the palatal mucosa than in the buccal mucosa, but similar in the palatal mucosa and prosthesis surface, indicating that the mucosa underlying the prosthesis is more susceptible to infection. The therapeutic protocol was effective in all cases, which emphasizes the need for denture disinfection in order to avoid reinfection of the mucosa.

Microscopical analysis of Candida albicans biofilms on heat-polymerised acrylic resin after chlorhexidine gluconate and sodium hypochlorite treatments

Mycoses ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. e712-e717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Maurício Batista da Silva ◽  
Emílio José T. Rodríguez Acosta ◽  
Luciana de Rezende Pinto ◽  
Márcia Graeff ◽  
Denise Madalena P. Spolidorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Microscopical Analysis ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

Uses the Disinfectants against fungi isolated from the homes

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Rusol Muhammedi Al Bahran
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Common Genus

The study included 100 samples collected from different locations of the homes were located in the area of Ali Saleh in Baghdad 6 species were isolated from fungi and the most common genus or species of fungi isolated were Aspergillus fumigatus by frequency ratio of 25.84%, and occurrence ratio of 23%, Penicilium by frequency ratio of 21.34%, and occurrence ratio of 19%, Mucor by frequency ratio 20.22%, and the occurrence ratio of 18%, Candida albicans by frequency ratio of 15.73%, the occurrence ratio of 14%, Rhizopus frequency ratio by 13.48%, the occurrence ratio of 12% and Aspergillus niger frequency ratio by 3.37% and the occurrence ratio of 3%. Then the sensitivity test of disinfectants were studied against fungi isolated by using three disinfectants Chloroxylenol known commercially by (Dettol), Chlorhexidine commercially known by (Hibitane) and Sodium hypochlorite commercially known by (Bleach), and a study for the effected of three concentrations of each disinfectant (5, 2.5, 1.25)%, and the use of statistical analysis (ANOVA) to contrast the differences and Dnken test to the variation in any disinfectant or the most efficient concentrations of other disinfectants were observed that concentrations of 5% was the most efficient of concentrations than (2.5%) and (1.25%). As the disinfectant Dettol was significantly the most efficient from Bleach and Hibitane.

scholarly journals Developing a Measurement Scale of Gender-Friendly Hospital Environments: An Exploratory Study of Customer Perceptions in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chyi Chou ◽  
Van Dang ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yen ◽  
Pi-Shan Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Customer Perceptions ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Healthcare Environments ◽  
And Gender

According to the United Nations, males and females should be given equal treatment in physical and psychological services, and healthcare institutions should exert greater efforts to reduce the gap in gender equality. However, this issue has been largely ignored in previous literature on healthcare environments. Designing a hospital environment that focuses on gender differences is critical to academic researchers and practical managers in all healthcare institutions. Thus, as an exploratory effort, this study aims to develop a measurement to assess customer perceptions of gender-friendly hospital environments. To identify and refine the structure of the instrument, two studies are conducted at different hospitals in Taiwan. The exploratory evidence shows there are five factors (i.e., physical design, functional design, marking design, gender perception, and gender-friendly services) and 28 items in the measurement scale of gender-friendly hospital environments. Results also show that gender-friendly hospital environments affect customers’ loyalty and willingness to pay. Based on our findings, hospital practitioners and researchers can adopt the measurement instrument used in this study to deal with the gap of gender equality in healthcare environments.

scholarly journals 1222. Are Reduced Concentrations of Chlorine-Based Disinfectants Effective Against Candida auris?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S439-S439
Author(s):  
Jessica Kumar ◽  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Y Karen Ng Wong ◽  
Thriveen Sankar Chittoor Mana ◽  
Heba Alhmidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Simulated Patient ◽  
Patient Room ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate

Abstract Background Currently, sporicidal disinfectants such as bleach are recommended for daily and terminal disinfection of the rooms of patients with Candida auris colonization and/or infection. However, bleach and other chlorine-based disinfectants can have adverse effects on surfaces and personnel. Disinfectant solutions with reduced chlorine concentrations are commonly used for other pathogens, but it is not known if diluted or alternative products maintain efficacy against C. auris both in vitro and in vivo. Methods We tested the efficacy of different concentrations of a sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) product and sodium hypochlorite using the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for evaluation of the efficacy of liquid disinfectants against C. auris (EPA MLB SOP MB-35-00) and in a simulated patient room. Carriers were exposed to each disinfectant for 1 and 2 minutes. Log reductions were calculated by subtracting viable organisms recovered after disinfectant exposure vs. deionized water controls. Results As shown in the figure, the NaDCC product at 4306 ppm tested with a 2 minute contact time reduced C. auris by ≥5 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) but had reduced efficacy with shorter exposure time or lower concentrations. Sodium hypochlorite was effective with 1 or 2 minute exposure times at a concentration of 6,500 ppm, and was effective at 4,000 ppm with an exposure time of 2 minutes. In the simulated patient room, NaDCC reduced C. auris contamination by ≥6 log10 CFUs on all surfaces. Conclusion A chlorine-based NaDCC product was effective at reducing C. auris. Both NaDCC and sodium hypochlorite products exhibited reduced efficacy at lower concentrations, particularly at concentrations below 4000 ppm. The NaDCC products were also effective in reducing contamination in the simulated patient room. UV-C treatment was an effective adjunct to manual cleaning. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of zinc oxide-eugenol and glass ionomer cements on Candida albicans

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carolina Aguiar Cassanho ◽  
Aletéia Massula Fernandes ◽  
Luciane Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of glass ionomer (GIC) and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cements against Candida albicans. Standardized GIC and ZOE specimens were maintained in contact with C. albicans suspension (1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> 10(6) cells/ml) at 37°C for 24 h, 48 h or 7 days. A control group without any testing cement was included. After the incubation period, aliquots of 0.1 ml were plated on Sabouraud's agar, and then the number of colonies was counted. The results were expressed as values of logarithms of colony-forming units per milliliter (log CFU/mL) and were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. After 48 h of incubation, the ZOE group presented no growth of C. albicans. GIC and control groups presented similar mean values at all tested periods. According to the results obtained, it could be concluded that, under the experimental conditions, ZOE cement was more effective in vitro against C. albicans than GIC.

scholarly journals Interactions between Terpinen-4-ol and Nystatin on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Coradi Tonon ◽  
Renata Serignoli Francisconi ◽  
Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini ◽  
Patrícia Milagros Maquera Huacho ◽  
Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Oral Keratinocytes ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Oral Cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Terpinen-4-ol associated with nystatin, on single and mixed species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, as well as the effect of terpinen-4-ol on adhesion in oral cells and the enzymatic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicide concentrations of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were determined using the microdilution broth method, along with their synergistic activity (“checkerboard” method). Single and mixed species biofilms were prepared using the static microtiter plate model and quantified by colony forming units (CFU/mL). The effect of Terpinen-4-ol in adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in coculture with oral keratinocytes (NOK Si) was evaluated, as well as the enzymatic activity by measuring the size of the precipitation zone, after the growth agar to phospholipase, protease and hemolysin. Terpinen-4-ol (4.53 mg mL-1) and nystatin (0.008 mg mL-1) were able to inhibit biofilms growth, and a synergistic antifungal effect was showed with the drug association, reducing the inhibitory concentration of nystatin up to 8 times in single biofilm of Candida albicans, and 2 times in mixed species biofilm. A small decrease in the adhesion of Candida tropicalis in NOK Si cells was showed after treatment with terpinen-4-ol, and nystatin had a greater effect for both species. For enzymatic activity, the drugs showed no action. The effect potentiated by the combination of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin and the reduction of adhesion provide evidence of its potential as an anti-fungal agent.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Incorporated Dental Copolymer: Bacterial Growth Inhibition, Mechanical Properties, and Compound Release Rates and Stability by1H NMR

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Hrynash ◽  
Vinay Kumar Pilly ◽  
Alexandra Mankovskaia ◽  
Yaoyang Xiong ◽  
Getulio Nogueira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacterial Growth Inhibition

Objective.To evaluate bacterial growth inhibition, mechanical properties, and compound release rate and stability of copolymers incorporated with anthocyanin (ACY;Vaccinium macrocarpon).Methods.Resin samples were prepared (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA at 70/30 mol%) and incorporated with 2 w/w% of either ACY or chlorhexidine (CHX), except for the control group. Samples were individually immersed in a bacterial culture (Streptococcus mutans) for 24 h. Cell viability (n=3) was assessed by counting the number of colony forming units on replica agar plates. Flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (E) were tested on a universal testing machine (n=8). Compound release and chemical stability were evaluated by UV spectrophotometry and1H NMR (n=3). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α= 0.05).Results.Both compounds inhibited S. mutans growth, with CHX being most effective (P<0.05). Control resin had the lowest FS and E values, followed by ACY and CHX, with statistical difference between control and CHX groups for both mechanical properties (P<0.05). The 24 h compound release rates were ACY: 1.33 μg/mL and CHX: 1.92 μg/mL.1H NMR spectra suggests that both compounds remained stable after being released in water.Conclusion.The present findings indicate that anthocyanins might be used as a natural antibacterial agent in resin based materials.

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