scholarly journals Evaluation of cassava starch as raw material according to the characteristics of the granules

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e8491210879
Author(s):  
Daiana Cardoso de Oliveira ◽  
Helayne Aparecida Maieves ◽  
Cláudia Bernardo ◽  
Ismael Casagrande Bellettini ◽  
Bruna Barreto Remor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Different Soils

In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of starch extracted from ten different cultivars of cassava roots, from different soils, were investigated. There are significant (p<0.05) variations in the proportion of starch damaged during extraction, even in samples of the same cultivar. Amylose content differs among cultivars and even within the same cultivar harvested in different soils (varying from 20.00 to 24.07%). According to the type of soil the starch samples showed distinct values for the crystallinity index. This indicates the need for the physicochemical characterization of starch samples to be carried out even when they originate from the same cultivar. The results obtained can be used as support tools for improvement of cassava genetics, optimizing the process of selection and maintenance of a genetic bank. The results, coupled with chemometric analyses (PCAs and clusters), allowed to distinguish cultivars according to their physicochemical and functional peculiarities, suggesting their potential to be used by industries and as food.

scholarly journals Garlic jelly: preparation, physicochemical and sensory evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumária Sousa e Silva ◽  
Rafael Araújo de Queiroz ◽  
Sumaya Ferreira Guedes ◽  
Italo Andrey Souza Inácio Lima ◽  
Raquel Aparecida Loss
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Sensory Tests

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of garlic and the production of jellies. For this, fresh garlic was submitted to the cooking process and evaluated about moisture, pH, acidity, soluble solids, total sugars, and ash contents. Only garlic and garlic and pepper were prepared using crystal and brown sugar as sweeteners. The jelly that presented the highest number of parameters according to the legislation was submitted to sensory tests. The physicochemical characterization of the raw material showed that cooking did not interfere in pH, but increased acidity and reduced the content of total soluble solids in garlic submitted to cooking for 20 minutes. The jellies prepared with the addition of crystal sugar presented moisture higher than the values stipulated by the legislation. The addition of pepper contributed to increased acidity, regardless of the type of sugar. However, the jellies made with crystal sugar were slightly more acidic than those added to brown sugar. To the content of total soluble solids, all jellies are within the values required by the legislation. The sensory tests did not indicate any of the jellies as preferred and showed no difference in the sensory attributes evaluated between the jams with brown sugar and crystal. In general, the added jelly of brown sugar was pointed with burning and ideal viscosity by many judges. Thus, both jellies can be an alternative in the development of new products, as a potential to add value to garlic.

scholarly journals Analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics Diversity of 46 Accessions of Indonesian Local Rice Germplasms

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septian D.W. Putra ◽  
Elis Septianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Milling Yield

Physicochemical characterization of rice germplasms is an important step of the rice breeding program. The physicochemical characteristics are important for consumers’ acceptance. The objective of this study was to analyze physicochemical characteristics information to obtain suitable accessions for breeding programs and to cluster accessions according to their main characteristics. A total of 46 accessions of ICRR & ICABIOGRD collection were evaluated for 24 physicochemical traits. Principal component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to analyze the variation and the contribution of each trait to the total variance. This study showed that physicochemical variation might be divided into 5 principal component: Principal component 1 (PC1) was dominated by grain roundness, PC2 by low amylose content, PC3 by high milling yield, PC4 by long and slender grain, and PC5 by premium quality. Clustering analysis yielded 4 clusters. The 1st cluster was dominated by round grain, 2nd cluster by low milling yield, 3rd by high broken grain, and the last cluster by high milling yield and premium quality. This work showed that there were 7 potential accessions to be included in the rice breeding program of high milling yield and premium quality rice, i.e. accession no. 10479 (Umbul-umbul), 10486 (Babad Cianjur), 10491 (Marus), 10499 (619), 10515 (Siregi), 10551 (Logawa), and 10562 (Umbul-umbul). Those varieties can be used by rice breeders to develop new varieties to answer the global challenge of food security.

scholarly journals THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Vienna Saraswaty ◽  
Rossy Choerun Nissa ◽  
Bonita Firdiana ◽  
Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Government ◽  
Plastic Pellets

THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECYCLED-PLASTIC PELLETS OBTAINED FROM DISPOSABLE FACE MASK WASTES. The government policy to wear a face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased disposable face mask wastes. Thus, to reduce such wastes, it is necessary to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of disposable face masks wastes before the recycling process and the recycled products. In this study, physicochemical characterization of the 3-ply disposable face masks and the recycled plastic pellets after disinfection using 0.5% v/v sodium hypochlorite were evaluated. A set of parameters including the characterization of surface morphology by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), functional groups properties by a fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal behavior by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength and elongation at break were evaluated. The surface morphological of each layer 3-ply disposable face mask showed that the layers were composed of non-woven fibers. The FT-IR evaluation revealed that 3-ply disposable face mask was made from a polypropylene. At the same time, the DSC analysis found that the polypropylene was in the form of homopolymer. The SEM analysis showed that the recycled plastic pellets showed a rough and uneven surface. The FT-IR, tensile strength and elongation at break of the recycled plastic pellets showed similarity with a virgin PP type CP442XP and a recycled PP from secondary recycling PP (COPLAST COMPANY). In summary, recycling 3-ply disposable face mask wastes to become plastic pellets is recommended for handling disposable face mask wastes problem.

ANATOMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AÇAÍ FRUIT FIBER AS AN ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIAL IN ECOPANELS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-341
Author(s):  
Antônio Mesquita Mesquita ◽  
Alba Lucia Ferreira de Almeida Lins ◽  
Nubia Mireya Garzón Barreto ◽  
Sérgio Santos Santos ◽  
Celso Eduardo Bonafé Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material

scholarly journals Structural and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan Obtained by UAE and Its Effect on the Growth Inhibition of Pythium ultimum

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Héctor Martín-López ◽  
Soledad Cecilia Pech-Cohuo ◽  
Emanuel Herrera-Pool ◽  
Nelly Medina-Torres ◽  
Juan Carlos Cuevas-Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
23 Factorial Design

The objective of this work was the recovery of chitosan by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) chitin, and the physicochemical and structural characterization of the obtained biopolymer, as well as its antimicrobial effect on Pythium ultimum growth. A 23 factorial design was used to evaluate chitosan extraction conditions. Instrumental analysis techniques for chitosan characterization and radial growth inhibition, as an antifungal activity test, were performed. The ultrasonically extracted chitosan (UC) reached a yield of 86.96% with 100% solubility, a degree of deacetylation (DDA) >78%, molecular weight (MW) of 3.928 × 105 g mol−1, and a crystallinity index (Icr) of 87%, calculated through nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The inhibitory activity of the chitosan was evaluated against the oomycete Pythium ultimum, observing a 93% radial inhibition over 24 h. UAE proved to be an excellent alternative to the conventional deacetylation, reducing reaction time and obtaining a UC with higher MW and (Icr) than the commercial one, which could potentiate its applications.

ISOLATION OF A STEROID-LIKE SUBSTANCE FROM URINE AND CITROUS FRUITS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 869-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Thomas Sandor ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
R. Norman Jones ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Partial Chemical

The isolation and the partial chemical and physicochemical characterization of a chloroform-soluble substance obtained from human urine and citrous fruit juices are presented. The urinary compound, designated as compound III, is present mostly as a conjugate hydrolyzed by animal β-glucuronidase whereas it is in free form in fruit juices. It is present in the urine of normal males and females and in a number of pathological conditions. Its urinary excretion is significantly increased as a result of diets rich in potassium (250 meq./day). In various paper chromatographic systems, the compound has a mobility similar to that of aldosterone. Detailed study of its chemical and physicochemical characteristics, including oxidative degradation and infrared and elementary analysis, suggests a steroidal or sesquiterpinoidal structure. However, at the present time, the data obtained do not permit the final elucidation of the chemical formula of compound III.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Wood Waste of Pinus spp for Briquette Production: A Case Study in the Community of San Francisco Pichátaro, Michoacán, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morales-Máximo ◽  
V.M. Ruíz-García ◽  
L. B. López-Sosa ◽  
J. G. Rutiaga-Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Solid Type

This study describes the exploitation of wood waste (Pinus spp.) in the form of sawdust and shavings generated during the production of furniture and artisanal items in a community in the state of Michoacán, western Mexico. A process is described to densifying this raw material, to produce solid-type biofuel briquettes that can be used to satisfy the need to generate low-power heat for residential sectors. Briquette production involved six stages: (a) gathering samples of sawdust and shavings from artisanal workshops in the community; (b) proximal characterization of the samples; (c) elaborating the briquettes; (d) physicochemical characterization of the briquettes; (e) evaluation of the physical-thermal combustion of the briquettes; and (f) an economic evaluation of briquette production to determine viability. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental indicators of the briquettes produced and conventional pine and oak firewood (Pinus spp., Quercus spp.) in the study community. The results show the viability of using biomass residues to make briquettes, which are efficient, economic and easy to make and use.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of Artificial Rice from Composite Flour: Modified Cassava Starch, Canavalia ensiformis and Dioscorea esculenta

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 06005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siswo Sumardiono ◽  
Isti Pudjihastuti ◽  
Noer Abyor Handayani ◽  
Heny Kusumayanti
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Composite Flours ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Indonesia is the third largest country on the global paddy rice production and also considered as a rice importer. Even, Indonesia has the biggest per capita consumption of paddy rice (140 kg of paddy rice per person per year). Product diversification using local commodities. Artificial rice is potential to be developed as a new value product using different types of grains. It is one of appropriate solutions for reducing imported rice rate. Artificial rice was produced using high nutrition composite flours (modified cassava starch, corn, Canavalian ensiformis, and Dioscorea esculenta). This study consists of three main stages, preparation of composite flour, formulation, and artificial rice production using hot extruder capacity 10 kg/day. The objectives of this studies were to investigate some formulation in compare with commercial paddy rice. Artificial rice has been successfully conducted using prototype of hot extruder with the temperature 95°C. Physical analyses (color and water absorption) were carried out to artificial rice product and commercial paddy rice. Chemical analyses (nutrition and amylose content) of product will be also presented in this study. The best formulation of artificial rice was achieved in 80% modified cassava starch, 10% Canavalian ensiformis, and 10% Dioscorea esculenta, respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physicochemical Characterization of Winter Squash (Cucurbita moschata D.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia JACOBO-VALENZUELA ◽  
Jose de Jesus ZAZUETA-MORALES ◽  
Jose Alberto GALLEGOS-INFANTE ◽  
Floridelia AGUILAR-GUTIERREZ ◽  
Irma Leticia CAMACHO-HERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Winter Squash

Winter squash cv 'Cehualca' (Cucurbita moschata Duchense) is a seasonal crop that has been used as food and animal feed. The objective of the present study was to characterize physical, chemical and physicochemical properties of the winter squash cv 'Cehualca'. Morphological, chemical and physicochemical analyses were performed, including fiber, carotenoids, phenolic and mineral contents in the winter squash. The morphological analysis showed that the squash 'Cehualca' did not have a homogeneous morphology. Data about their physical and physicochemical characteristics showed large variability. Also, high content of carotenoids and dietary fiber was observed in squash. The oil and total phenolic content was low in comparison with other fruits. The mineral content exceeded the values recommended to meet the nutritional needs of consumers, except for sodium (both in pulp and shell), potassium and magnesium in the shell.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization of the pulp oil of bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michelle Cardoso Coimbra ◽  
Débora Maria Moreno Luzia ◽  
Neuza Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Phenolic

The aim of the study was to characterize the pulp oil of bacuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) according to official analytical methods. Total phenolic and carotenoids contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry, and tocopherols composition by high-performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid profile was obtained through gas chromatography from samples transesterified with potassium hydroxide in methanol and n-hexane. According to the proximate composition, bacuri pulp contained 41.5 % carbohydrates and 39.2 % lipids. Regarding its physicochemical properties, the oil showed a free fatty acids content of 0.7 %, a peroxide value of 1.4 meq/kg, a refractive index of 1.463, an iodine number of 84.3 g I2/100 g, a saponification number of 193.5 mg KOH/g, an unsaponifiable matter of 0.5 %, and 48.7 h of oxidative stability. Total phenolic, carotenoids, and tocopherols contents recorded values of 2.4 mg GAE/g, 243.0 µg/g, and 86.8 mg/kg, respectively. The bacuri oil showed a fatty acid composition similar to olive oil and a high percentage of unsaturation, finding 67.3 % of monounsaturated acids, and 11.3 % of polyunsaturated acids. The main fatty acids were oleic (67.3 %), palmitic (13.3 %), and linoleic (10.5 %). Due to its physicochemical characteristics, bacuri oil has a great potential to be used in food preparations, such as salad oil or in margarine formulation.

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