Review of Various Influential Factors in the Production of Robusta Coffee Effervescent Drink Tablets

Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities, which is ranked third in the world. Currently, coffee-based drinks have become a lifestyle in the millennial era. The high interest in coffee affects the economy of the community. Various efforts were made to further encourage the level of coffee consumption, especially in the form of beverages. On the other hand, it is necessary to diversify the product by highlighting the technology side, such as making effervescent which is easier, more practical, and can be enjoyed directly with cold water. Effervescent is known as a product that can cause gas bubbles as a result of the reaction of acids and bases when dissolved in water. The resulting gas bubbles are carbon dioxide which gives a sparkling effect (a taste sensation like sparkling water). The use of coffee as an effervescent raw material is related to its taste, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants. Coffee extract powder can be made from robusta and arabica coffee roasted at medium level with low-temperature crystallization, spray drying, freeze drying, and vacuum drying. Other materials that need to be added such as acid sources, bases, fillers, and binders can affect the effervescent characteristics such as tablet hardness, moisture content, hygroscopicity, and dissolution time. The recommended composition is citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, dextrin, and PVP (Polyvinilpyrrolydone).

Characteristics of Charcoal Briquwttes from Palm Oil Midrib and Coconut Midrib with Tapioka Glue

The purpose of this study aims to get the best combination of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib in making charcoal briquettes. The study was conducted experimentally using a complete randomized design method consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were the ratio of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib charcoal as follows: KSK1 (100:0), KSK2 (75:25), KSK3 (50:50), KSK4 (25:75) and KSK5 (0:100). The parameters observed were density, water content, ash content, vapour content, bound carbon content and heating value. The result of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib shells had a significant effect on density, water content, ash content, vapour content, bound carbon content and heating value. Based on the results of the analysis, the best treatment in this study were KSK4 of palm oil midrib and coconut midrib (25:75) with a density of 0,58 g/cm3, water content 5,82%, ash content 5,87%, evaporating content 15,01%, bound carbon content 79,12%, and heating value content 6596,65 cal/g.

The Potential of Engay Food Enriched with Asian Scallops Flour for Dysphagia Food Alternative

Engay food is a Japanese term for a modified texture food for elderly people with dysphagia. The enrichment of the nutritional value of food is carried out by adding the calcium found in the scallop shells. This study aimed to investigate the chemical, physical, and sensory properties of engay food enrich with scallop shell flour. The food formulation consisted of milkfish and the addition of scallop shell flour as much as 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the basic ingredients with 5 repetitions. The result showed, the best formulation of engay food from chemical, physical, and sensory was the concentration of 4% scallop shell flour with the calcium content of 0.099 mg / 100g, water content 68.97%, ash content 0.98%, fat 1.39%, protein 9.00%, carbohydrates 19.66% and contains 562 cal / 100g. L* 30.8, a* 2.4, b* 13.9, °Chroma 14.07, and °Hue 80.27 with the type of yellow-red color, cohesiveness value 0.334 J / m2, adhesion value 0.034 mJ, and gumminess value 206.176 N/m2. High calcium engay food with milkfish as the main ingredient can be used as an alternative food for elderly people with dysphagia because it meets the requirements for food categories level 4-5 based on IDDSI recommendation.

Study of Formulation of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Milk and Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir) Crude Extract in The Making of Non-Dairy Ice Cream

Soybean milk and purple sweet potato are used as the main ingredients in the making of non-dairy ice cream. This study aims to determine the best characteristics of non-dairy ice cream from the formulation of soybean milk and purple sweet potato crude extract. The research design used a completely randomized design with one-factor treatment and four replications and was analyzed statistically with the F test Analysis of Variance at 5% level. The treatment in this study was the formulation of soybean milk and purple sweet potato extract consisting of 60%:0%; 52%:8%; 44%:16%; 36%:24%; 28%:32% of the total ice cream dough. The parameters observed were fat content, protein content, total solids, overrun, melting time, and hedonic sensory evaluation (appearance, texture, taste, and odor). Based on the Indonesian National Standard for ice cream 01-3713-1995 qualified showed that the formulation of soybean milk and purple sweet potato extract crude extract 52%:8% was the best treatment with 9.83% fat content, 2.89% protein content, 34.15% total solids, 49.26% overrun, 13.12 minutes melting time, and hedonic scale for appearance 6.76 (like extremely), texture 5.32 (like), taste 5.58 (like very much), odor 5.56 (like very much). The formulation soybean milk and purple sweet potato crude extract are effects of physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of non-dairy ice cream.

Combination of Salt and Rice Ratio on The Nutritional and Microbiological Qualities of Ronto, a Shrimp Fermented Product from Kalimantan, Indonesia

Ronto is a fermented product of lactic acid bacteria made from rebon shrimp, salt, and rice. This product is a traditional food in the form of side dishes, chili sauce, and flavoring in the coastal communities of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research has been conducted on the combination of salt and rice to enhance the quality of shrimp fermentation products. Various studies have reported that salt in the process of shrimp fermentation affect the product quality. However, the impact from combination of salt and rice in various concentrations to the quality of shrimp fermentation products was not yet known. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the combination of salt and rice on the quality of shrimp fermented products. The experimental was designed with a Completely Randomized Design Pattern, two factors salt and rice. The three concentrations of salt (10%, 11%, and 12%) and two concentrations of rice (20%, 30%,). The results showed that the concentration of salt and rice was significantly influencing on pH, total volatile bases (TVB-N), water content, ash, and microbiological properties. The condition for the best quality result is a combination of 11% of salt and 30% of rice.

Detection Character Caged Civet of Robusta Coffee Temanggung

The demand for coffee is currently increasing. Apart from health reasons, it is also because of life style or lifestyle. This includes the demand for civet coffee. Increasing demand both from within the country and abroad due to the unique taste. Increasing luwak production can be done by producing coffee using luwak tangkar. In this study, civets were used individually and given coffee once in the afternoon. The rest is given rice, bananas and meat. This study aims to determine the taste of Temanggung civet and natural robusta coffee. This study used 25 untrained panelists. From this research, Robusta Temanggung which was processed using fermented fermented luwak for 12 hours showed sensoryly that untrained panelists could notice a striking difference between the two. The difference lies in the medium body, higher acidity, and lower bitterness in civet coffee.

Fructose separation from sorghum syrup by using HPLC approach: a review

Liquid sugar available today is usually the result of dissolving granulated sugar using hot water. Sorghum syrup can be obtained from the concentrate without involving crystallization, centrifugation, sieving and drying and dissolving processes. However, the sorghum syrup produced from the concentrate still containing complex sugar components such as sucrose, sugar, fructose and others. This review was examined the separation of fructose from sorghum syrup using the HPLC approach. Compared with artificial sweeteners or sugar derivative products such as dextrose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, saccharin, sucralose, and xylitol, sorghum syrup still has lower economic value. The manufacture of these sugar derivatives generally uses chemical processes such as chlorination of sucralose, hydrogenation of xylitol or enzymatic processes and fermentation of fructose. Chemical processes in general can pose a danger to consumer health, while enzymatic and biological processes require high operational costs and complex processes of enzyme and cell separation such corn fructose production. Chromatography is a technology for separating complex mixtures such as sorghum concentrates to obtain separate components, such as fructose syrup and byproducts. On a laboratory scale, sugar fractionation or fructose purification is generally carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with the Carbopac ion exchange column as the stationary phase and ultrapure water as the mobile phase. The industrial scale fractionation in the food sector is still applied to palm oil processing. This is a great opportunity to conduct research related to the components of sorghum concentrates using chromatography column fractionation technology to obtain pure fructose with greater process efficiency and economics.

Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Sambal Ronto

This research studied the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of sambal ronto at various spice concentrations. Sambal ronto is a typical chili sauce from the coastal community of South Kalimantan which is made from ronto mixed with spices and sautéed with cooking oil. The spices used are chilies, shallots, garlic, lemongrass, laos, bay leaves, and palm sugar. The research was conducted with a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of concentrations of ronto and spices ratio, (1: 1) O, (1: 2) A, (1: 3) C, and (1: 4) D. The proximate test consists of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate (by different) content, and pH. The organoleptic test was carried out by testing the preference for the parameters of color, aroma, texture, taste, and appearance. The results showed that the best ronto: spice ratio was treatment B (1: 3). The chemical characteristics of the best sambal ronto are 44.21% moisture content, 4.20% ash content, 5.92% protein content, 14.47% fat content, carbohydrate content (31.22% by different) and pH 4.79. Organoleptic values for the parameters of color, aroma, texture, taste, and appearance were 4.5, 4.9, 4.9, 4.5, and 4.8, respectively. All parameters indicate a value close to very like.

The Effect of Packaging Materials on Postharvest Quality of Salak Fruit Cultivar Pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw.)

Salak fruit is generally considered to have a short storage life, because it is perishable fruit. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of packaging material on the quality of salak fruit cultivar pondoh. In this research salak fruits were packaged in the three types of packaging materials: polyethylene plastic bags (PE), cardboard (CB), and bamboo baskets (BB), and it were stored at 26oC. Parameters of the research were considered in mass loss, water content, total soluble solid, and titratable acidity. The result of the research showed that packaging salak pondoh with polyethylene plastic bag has better quality than other packaging materials and can prolong its shelf life.

Study of Antioxidant Activity of Iwel from Brown Rice Flour and Seaweed Flour

This study aims to determine the effect of the proportion of brown rice flour and seaweed flour on the antioxidant activity of iwel, a traditional Lombok cake. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely the proportion of brown rice flour and seaweed flour with 6 treatments, namely K0 (100%: 0%), K1 (90%: 10%), K2 (80%: 20) , K3 (70%: 30%), K4 (60%: 40%) and K5 (50%: 50%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times in order to obtain 18 experimental units. The chemical parameters observed included chemical parameters (antioxidant activity, moisture content, ash content), and organoleptic parameters (texture, color, taste and odor) by hedonic and scoring. Observation data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance at the 5% real level using Co-stat software. If there is a significant difference, a further test is carried out using Orthogonal Polynomials for chemical parameters and Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) at the 5% level for organoleptic parameters. The results showed that the higher the addition of seaweed flour caused a decreased in antioxidant activity, moisture content, and preference of panelists but increased ash content of iwel. The proportion of brown rice flour and seaweed flour at K2 was the best treatment seen from the antioxidant activity of 58.80%; moisture content 17.13%; and the ash content of 3.94% and the panelists prefer a bit chewy texture, red color, taste of brown rice flour and had not smell of seaweed.