Energy potential of wood waste from a tropical urban forest

Urban tropical forest species generate large amounts of wood waste by pruning and removing urban trees, which can be an accessible source of biomass that could be used to generate energy instead of being disposed of irregularly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for energy production of the wood residue of seven species most used in urban forestry in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, by determining the physical, chemical and energetic characteristics. Wood waste of 7 common urban forests species in the State of São Paulo were collected in the city of Piracicaba, characterized (humidity, basic density and bulk density), chemically (extract content, volatile materials, fixed carbon and ash content) and energetically (higher, lower, useful calorific power, density energy and thermogravimetric analysis). The highest value of basic density was found in the species Cenostigma pluviosum (653.76 kg/m³), all species had higher calorific values greater than 19 MJ/kg and the energy density of the species varied between 4.45 to 10,80 GJ/m³. The use of these wood residues for direct combustion is a viable alternative and can be considered as a solution to replace the incorrect disposal, which is still a common practice in many cities in developing countries.

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Tree Cover for the Year 2010 of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

Data ◽

10.3390/data4040145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Fabien H. Wagner ◽

Mayumi C.M. Hirye

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Tree Cover ◽

São Paulo ◽

The World

Mapping urban trees with images at a very high spatial resolution (≤1 m) is a particularly relevant recent challenge due to the need to assess the ecosystem services they provide. However, due to the effort needed to produce these maps from tree censuses or with remote sensing data, few cities in the world have a complete tree cover map. Here, we present the tree cover data at 1-m spatial resolution of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the world. This dataset, based on 71 orthorectified RGB aerial photographs taken in 2010 at 1-m spatial resolution, was produced using a deep learning method for image segmentation called U-net. The model was trained with 1286 images of size 64 × 64 pixels at 1-m spatial resolution, containing one or more trees or only background, and their labelled masks. The validation was based on 322 images of the same size not used in the training and their labelled masks. The map produced by the U-net algorithm showed an excellent level of accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 96.4% and an F1-score of 0.941 (precision = 0.945 and recall = 0.937). This dataset is a valuable input for the estimation of urban forest ecosystem services, and more broadly for urban studies or urban ecological modelling of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region.

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The Daily Routine of Students in the Classroom

EDU REVIEW. Revista Internacional de Educación y Aprendizaje ◽

10.37467/gka-revedu.v8.2668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Lilian Marques Silva

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Public School ◽

Data Collection ◽

New Technologies ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Daily Routine ◽

São Paulo ◽

Access To Information ◽

Technological Advances

The almost instantaneous access to information provided by technological advances has revolutionized the behavior of people and of the classrooms too. Teachers had to adapt themselves to new technologies to maintain students interested and attentive to the discipline being taught. In this work, the behavior of the students of the 6th grade of elementary school II during class was observed. The school chosen is a public school in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The research was based on data collection. The students were observed by being filmed during six months. The results showed that the students were interested in the classes and committed to the activities. The place that the student chooses to sit in the classroom influences the behavior of the teacher, because the more distant the teacher, the less he participates in the class.

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Geoprocessing and Estimation of Interregional Input-Output Systems an Application to the State of Sao Paulo in Brazil

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2407573 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Silvio Massaru Ichihara ◽

Joaquim Guilhoto ◽

Denise Imori

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Input Output

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Sound-Politics in São Paulo

10.1093/oso/9780190660093.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leonardo Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Crime Control ◽

State Intervention ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

São Paulo ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

Point Of Entry ◽

Wide Range ◽

Analytical Category

This book is an ethnographic study of controversial sounds and noise control debates in Latin America’s most populous city. It discusses the politics of collective living by following several threads linking sound-making practices to governance issues. Rather than discussing sound within a self-enclosed “cultural” field, I examine it as a point of entry for analyzing the state. At the same time, rather than portraying the state as a self-enclosed “apparatus” with seemingly inexhaustible homogeneous power, I describe it as a collection of unstable (and often contradictory) sectors, personnel, strategies, discourses, documents, and agencies. My goal is to approach sound as an analytical category that allows us to access citizenship issues. As I show, environmental noise in São Paulo has been entangled in a wide range of debates, including public health, religious intolerance, crime control, urban planning, cultural rights, and economic growth. The book’s guiding question can be summarized as follows: how do sounds enter and leave the sphere of state control? I answer this question by examining a multifaceted process I define as “sound-politics.” The term refers to sounds as objects that are susceptible to state intervention through specific regulatory, disciplinary, and punishment mechanisms. Both “sound” and “politics” in “sound-politics” are nouns, with the hyphen serving as a bridge that expresses the instability that each concept inserts into the other.

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Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802: new continent record and distribution extension in Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.2.217 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mariana Juventina Magrini ◽

Paula Beatriz Araujo ◽

Marcio Uehara-Prado

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

São Paulo ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Serra Do Mar ◽

First Time

Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.

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Towards Providing Effective Data-Driven Responses to Predict the Covid-19 in São Paulo and Brazil

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 540

Author(s):

Fabio Amaral ◽

Wallace Casaca ◽

Cassio M. Oishi ◽

José A. Cuminato

Keyword(s):

Learning Strategies ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Data Driven ◽

Series Data ◽

São Paulo ◽

Time Data ◽

Unified Framework ◽

Infected People

São Paulo is the most populous state in Brazil, home to around 22% of the country’s population. The total number of Covid-19-infected people in São Paulo has reached more than 1 million, while its total death toll stands at 25% of all the country’s fatalities. Joining the Brazilian academia efforts in the fight against Covid-19, in this paper we describe a unified framework for monitoring and forecasting the Covid-19 progress in the state of São Paulo. More specifically, a freely available, online platform to collect and exploit Covid-19 time-series data is presented, supporting decision-makers while still allowing the general public to interact with data from different regions of the state. Moreover, a novel forecasting data-driven method has also been proposed, by combining the so-called Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Deceased model with machine learning strategies to better fit the mathematical model’s coefficients for predicting Infections, Recoveries, Deaths, and Viral Reproduction Numbers. We show that the obtained predictor is capable of dealing with badly conditioned data samples while still delivering accurate 10-day predictions. Our integrated computational system can be used for guiding government actions mainly in two basic aspects: real-time data assessment and dynamic predictions of Covid-19 curves for different regions of the state. We extend our analysis and investigation to inspect the virus spreading in Brazil in its regions. Finally, experiments involving the Covid-19 advance in other countries are also given.

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Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling ◽

10.1186/s12976-021-00143-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marcos Amaku ◽

Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽

Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽

Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽

Eduardo Massad

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Vaccination Rate ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Health Authorities ◽

The World ◽

The Moment ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

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Determinants of neonatal, postneonatal and maternal mortality on models of primary health

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.857 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A B Guerra ◽

L M Guerra ◽

L F Probst ◽

B V Castro Gondinho ◽

G M Bovi Ambrosano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Public Policies ◽

Family Health ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Care Organization ◽

São Paulo

Abstract Background The state of São Paulo recorded a significant reduction in infant mortality, but the desired reduction in maternal mortality was not achieved. Knowledge of the factors with impact on these indicators would be of help in formulating public policies. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relations between socioeconomic and demographic factors, health care model and both infant mortality and maternal mortality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods In this ecological study, data from national official open sources were used. Analyzed were 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For each municipality, the infant mortality and maternal mortality rates were calculated for every 1000 live births, 2013. The association between these rates, socioeconomic variables, demographic models and the primary care organization model in the municipality were verified. We used the zero-inflated negative binomial model. Gross analysis was performed and then multiple regression models were estimated. For associations, we adopted “p” at 5%. Results The increase in the HDI of the city and proportion of Family Health Care Strategy implemented were significantly associated with the reduction in both infant mortality (neonatal + post-neonatal) and maternal mortality rates. In turn, the increase in birth and caesarean delivery rates were associated with the increase in infant and maternal mortality rates. Conclusions It was concluded that the Family Health Care Strategy model that contributed to the reduction in infant (neonatal + post-neonatal) and maternal mortality rates, and so did actors such as HDI and cesarean section. Thus, public health managers should prefer this model. Key messages Implementation of public policies with specific focus on attenuating these factors and making it possible to optimize resources, and not interrupting the FHS. Knowledge of the factors with impact on these indicators would be of help in formulating public policies.

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