Development and application of a vehicle safety rating score for public transport minibuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
David Logan ◽  
Brian Fildes ◽  
Ashraf Rashed ◽  
Mohammed Nabil Ibrahim ◽  
Asma Al Jassmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Rating Score ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Many ◽  
Safety Features

Minibuses are widely used for public transport, particularly in developing countries, yet their safety levels are often poor. This study identified a simple set of active and passive safety measures and 566 minibuses in the United Arab Emirates were inspected. Most vehicles were without seat belts or head restraints and had inadequate seat attachment. Low rates of active and passive safety features were recorded. The safety rating system assigned weightings to each of the variables in the survey, based on an assessment of their approximate relative risk. Applied to the benchmarking sample, safety rating scores (out of 50) ranged from below 10 points for the least safe vehicles to around 40 points for the best. Many vehicles inspected scored below 20 points. The safety rating score provided a practical assessment of the safety of the UAE minibus vehicle fleet and could be adapted to other vehicle types. The study outcomes are helping to both justify a new minibus safety standard in the UAE aiming to significantly reduce death and serious injury among the many passengers using this service, as well as to begin the process of removing the least safe vehicles from the fleet.

scholarly journals Increasing the Safety of Railway Crossings

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Eva Nedeliaková ◽  
◽  
Ivan Nedeliak ◽  
Martin Búda
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Crossing Time ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Transport Services ◽  
Safety Rules

This article is focused on improving safety at railway crossings and points of active and passive safety features. Following these general safety rules we can reduce or eliminate the risks that increasingly affect the right of railway crossings. The article describes redundant lock crossing time which unfavorably affects the rail crossing accidents and the solution which eliminates this factor. The paper is supported by the VEGA Agency by the Project 1/0188/13 ”Quality factors of integrated transport system in the effective provision of public transport services in the context of globalisation“ that is solved at the Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina.

Thermal hydraulic challenges of Gas Cooled Fast Reactors with passive safety features

2009 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pope ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee ◽  
Pavel Hejzlar ◽  
Michael J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Passive Safety ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Safety Features

Sledging is still a seasonal source of serious injury in Scottish children

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
L A Regan ◽  
J G Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Stationary Object ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Serious Injuries

In 2002 it was highlighted that sledging results in serious injuries in the paediatric population and safety recommendations were made. The aim of this study was to re-examine the number, severity and aetiology of sledging-related trauma. This was a retrospective study performed in the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) of the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital (RACH) during two periods totalling 12 days, when there was continuous snow ground cover. Records of all attendances were scrutinized to identify patients with sledging injuries. The nature, mechanism and severity of injury, and subsequent management were then analysed. Of 403 PED attendances, 45 (11%) were sledging related with 16 (36%) fractures and 13 (29%) head injuries. Eight patients (18%) were admitted to hospital and three (7%) required an operation. Collision with a stationary object was the most common reason for injury (51%), followed by the adoption of a dangerous sledging position or use of a stationary jump. No patients were wearing a helmet. In conclusion, there has been little change in the epidemiology and aetiology of paediatric sledging injuries since 2002. Work is needed to inform parents of the previously recommended safety measures that could reduce the morbidity of this activity without detracting from the enjoyment.

Preliminary LOCA Analysis of Heating-Reactor of Advanced Low-Pressurized and Passive Safety System (HAPPY)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Xing ◽  
Zhaocan Meng ◽  
Xiaotao Liao ◽  
Canhui Sun ◽  
Shuming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Passive Safety System ◽  
Safety Features

SPICRI (State Power Investment Central Research Institute) is developing a new conceptual design of heating-reactor, named Heating-reactor of Advanced low-Pressurized and Passive safetY system (HAPPY), which is targeted for the district heating, desalination of seawater, and other heat applications. It is a 200MWth two-loop low-pressurized water reactor with low thermal parameters. The whole reactor vessel is deployed inside a shielding and cooling pool with thermal insulation measure. The conceptual design of HAPPY is described in this paper, including the design criteria, safety features, main parameters and main components. A preliminary safety analysis is carried out to provide a reference for the design and optimization of HAPPY. In this paper, four different LOCA analyses are described and compared. The results show that the current design can deal well with all the selected LOCA scenarios and the effectiveness of the safety systems is proved.

AP1000 Passive Residual Heat Removal Heat Exchanger Confirmatory Analysis

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Wright ◽  
James R. Schwall ◽  
Creed Taylor ◽  
Naeem U. Karim ◽  
Jivan G. Thakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Residual Heat

The AP1000 is an 1100 MWe advanced nuclear power plant that uses passive safety features to enhance plant safety and to provide significant and measurable improvements in plant simplification, reliability, investment protection and plant costs. The AP1000 received final design approval from the US-NRC in 2004. The AP1000 design is based on the AP600 design that received final design approval in 1999. Wherever possible, the AP1000 plant configuration and layout was kept the same as AP600 to take advantage of the maturity of the design and to minimize new design efforts. As a result, the two-loop configuration was maintained for AP1000, and the containment vessel diameter was kept the same. It was determined that this significant power uprate was well within the capability of the passive safety features, and that the safety margins for AP1000 were greater than those of operating PWRs. A key feature of the passive core cooling system is the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX) that provides decay heat removal for postulated LOCA and non-LOCA events. The PRHR HX is a C-tube heat exchanger located in the in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) above the core promoting natural circulation heat removal between the reactor cooling system and the tank. Component testing was performed for the AP600 PRHR HX to determine the heat transfer characteristics and to develop correlations to be used for the AP1000 safety analysis codes. The data from these tests were confirmed by subsequent integral tests at three separate facilities including the ROSA facility in Japan. Owing to the importance of this component, an independent analysis has been performed using the ATHOS-based computational fluid dynamics computer code PRHRCFD. Two separate models of the PRHR HX and IRWST have been developed representing the ROSA test geometry and the AP1000 plant geometry. Confirmation of the ROSA test results were used to validate PRHRCFD, and the AP1000 plant model was used to confirm the heat removal capacity for the full-sized heat exchanger. The results of these simulations show that the heat removal capacity of the PRHR HX is conservatively represented in the AP1000 safety analyses.

Passive Safety Features of a Bottom-Supported Fast Breeder Reactor Vessel

1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Endo ◽  
Yoshio Kumaoka ◽  
Simcha Golan ◽  
Hiroshi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactor ◽  
Safety Features

EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING THE OPERATION OF A TRANSPORT COMPANY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VEHICLE FLEET MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
Krzysztof ORŁOWSKI ◽  
Łukasz ORŁOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Active Element ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Fleet Management ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Communication Company

The organization of public transport greatly contributes to the proper traffic management policy of vehicles. They are an active element cooperating with the infrastructure. However, the organization of transport is not an easy task. The constantly changing demand on lines characterized by various length and intensity of use makes it difficult to decide on the choice of vehicle. Vehicles with various technical and functional parameters along with a specific frequency of running create an offer for users which is not always adapted to their needs. All the changes affecting the functioning of the rolling stock are reflected in the costs of the communication company. Analysis of the company's operations allows to identify some areas that can be optimized. The savings concern lower fuel consumption by adjusting the capacity and type of vehicle used.

Economic warfare in Yemen could boost piracy risk

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The South ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
President Elect ◽  
Economic Warfare ◽  
The Many

Significance Since it began in March 2015, the many-sided conflict has become internationalised, following threats to the vital shipping artery in the Bab al-Mandab strait, through which trade worth 700 billion dollars per year passes between Europe and Asia. Previous ceasefires have not held. There is a looming humanitarian crisis. Unpaid public-sector workers are unable to buy food, boosting malnutrition rates. Impacts US President-elect Donald Trump is unlikely to take much interest in the Yemen conflict, leaving mediation to the UN and regional actors. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) will confront al-Qaida in the south of the country, but cannot extinguish its tribal support base. Hadi's vice-president, Ali Mohsen, an old enemy of the Huthis and former ally of Saleh, will be an important power broker.

Thermal-Hydraulic R&Ds for the APR+ Developments in Korea

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Hwa Song ◽  
Tae-Soon Kwon ◽  
Byong-Jo Yun ◽  
Ki-Yong Choi ◽  
Hwan-Yeol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Reactor ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Fluidic Device ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Safety Features

This paper briefly introduces recent progress in thermal-hydraulic R&Ds, which is mainly being performed at KAERI, for the APR+ (Advanced Power Reactor plus) development. The main R&D items for the APR+ reactor are associated directly with recent efforts to introduce new safety concepts in the APR+ standard design developments, which is currently in progress in the Republic of Korea. The R&D activities reported here mainly cover the thermal-hydraulic and severe accident areas and are being performed in experimental and/or analytical ways. They include: (1) advancement and optimization of safety injection system, (2) incorporation of passive safety features, such as advanced Fluidic Device (FD+) and passive auxiliary feedwater system (PAFS), and (3) incorporation of severe accident mitigation features.

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