scholarly journals Growth, health and biochemical composition of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa after multi-year holding in effluent waters of land-based salmon culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sun ◽  
JF Hamel ◽  
BL Gianasi ◽  
M Graham ◽  
A Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Methods have been proposed to mitigate the environmental footprint of aquaculture, including co-culture of species occupying different trophic levels. In this study, sea cucumbers Cucumaria frondosa, either from production tanks fed with effluent water from land-based salmon culture over 4 yr or collected from the field, were compared using stable isotope, lipid and fatty acid (FA) signatures as indicators of waste assimilation, health and biochemical composition. Enrichment of δ13C in muscle bands and intestine and of δ15N in muscle bands, gonad and intestine was detected in captive individuals relative to wild individuals, suggesting the uptake and assimilation of waste from salmon culture. The higher levels of FA biomarkers typical of salmon feed (18:1ω9, 18:2ω6 and 20:1ω9) and lower ω3/ω6 ratio in the captive sea cucumbers were also in line with assimilation of the waste. However, male and female sea cucumbers from the co-culture became smaller with time, their organ indices were lower than those of wild individuals (e.g. poorly developed gonad), and their biochemical composition differed: triacylglycerol content was greater in wild individuals and phospholipid content was greater in captive individuals. Also, FA profiles of all tissues differed between the 2 groups, whereas total lipid in muscle bands and gonad remained similar. Overall, results support that co-culture with suspension-feeding sea cucumbers may help mitigate the salmon industry footprint. In turn, the biochemical composition of the sea cucumbers changed, and their reduced size and body indices suggest that this food source does not provide suitable nutrients to sustain growth and reproduction.

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Sergey A Avilov ◽  
Olga A Drozdova ◽  
Vladimir I Kalinin ◽  
Anatoly I Kalinovsky ◽  
Valentin A Stonik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Triterpene Glycoside ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Frondoside C (1) is a new sulfated nonholostane triterpene glycoside obtained (with the glycosides closed by aglycone structure as impurities) from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Its structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectral data (NMR and MS) of compound 1 and of its desulfated derivative (2) obtained by solvolysis. Frondoside C (1) is just the seventh glycoside reported from sea cucumbers, having a lanostane-type aglycone devoid of the typical 18(20)- lactone ring.Key words: Cucumaria frondosa, sea cucumbers, frondosides, triterepene glycosides, antitumor activity.

Effect of diets on the feeding behavior and physiological properties of suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-893
Author(s):  
Zonghe Yu ◽  
Shawn Robinson ◽  
Bruce MacDonald ◽  
Terralynn Lander ◽  
Craig Smith
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Glycosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. IV. Structure of frondosides A2-4, A2-7, and A2-8, three new minor monosulfated triterpene glycosides

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2120-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S Silchenko ◽  
Sergey A Avilov ◽  
Alexandr S Antonov ◽  
Anatoly I Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Frondosides A2-4 (1), A2-7 (2), and A2-8 (3) are new monosulfated triterpene glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral data (2D NMR and MS). Frondosides A2-7 (2) and A2-8 (3) are isomers and differ from each other only by the position of a double bond in their non-holostane-type aglycones.Key words: Cucumaria frondosa, sea cucumbers, frondosides, triterpene glycosides.

Glycosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. III. Structure of frondosides A2-1, A2-2, A2-3, and A2-6, four new minor monosulfated triterpene glycosides

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S Silchenko ◽  
Sergey A Avilov ◽  
Alexandr S Antonov ◽  
Anatoly I Kalinovsky ◽  
Pavel S Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Unsaturated Ketone ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Frondosides A2-1 (1), A2-2 (2), A2-3 (3), and A2-6 (4) are new monosulfated holostane pentaosides isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral data (2D NMR and MS). Frondoside A2-2 (2) contains an α,β-unsaturated ketone fragment in the side chain of the aglycon, unique for triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers.Key words: Cucumaria frondosa, sea cucumbers, frondosides, triterpene glycosides.

scholarly journals Cellular, Hormonal, and Behavioral Responses of the Holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa to Environmental Stressors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jobson ◽  
Jean-François Hamel ◽  
Taylor Hughes ◽  
Annie Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The North ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Multidisciplinary Model ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

Holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are one of the most ubiquitous groups of benthic animals found across diverse marine ecosystems. As echinoderms, they also occupy an important place in the evolutionary hierarchy, sitting close to vertebrates in the deuterostome clade, making them valuable multidisciplinary model organisms. Apart from being ecologically and phylogenetically important, many species are commercially exploited for luxury seafood markets. With the global rise of aquaculture and fisheries, management and protection of these valuable species relies on a better understanding of how their immune systems respond to environmental and anthropogenic stressors. Here, the cellular, hormonal and behavioral indicators of stress in the North Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa were examined. The immediate and carry-over (post recovery) effects of a 1-hour exposure to low salinities or to emersion (at two temperatures) highlighted that morphoplasticity in C. frondosa was accompanied by shifts in all monitored indicators. From baseline levels measured in controls, densities of free coelomocytes increased, showing successions of specific cell types and subsequent coelomocyte aggregations, combined with a rise in cortisol levels. These responses mirrored increased fluctuations in cloacal opening rates, decreased force of attachment to the substrate, and enhanced movements and active buoyancy adjustment with increasingly severe stressors. The findings suggest that many systems of sea cucumbers are impacted by stresses that can be associated with harvesting and handling methods, with likely implications for the quality of the processed products. Gaining a deeper understanding of immune and hormonal responses of sea cucumbers is not only of broad ecological and evolutionary value, but also helpful for the development of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices, and conservation programs.

scholarly journals Novel Use of PIT Tags in Sea Cucumbers: Promising Results with the Commercial Species Cucumaria frondosa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0127884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Gianasi ◽  
Katie Verkaik ◽  
Jean-François Hamel ◽  
Annie Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Biochemical Composition and Bioavailability of Phytoplankton-Derived Particulate Organic Matter in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Bo Kim ◽  
Jinyoung Jung ◽  
Youngju Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Ho Cho ◽  
Jong-Ku Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction

Analysis of the biochemical composition (carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; lipids, LIP) of particulate organic matter (POM, mainly phytoplankton) is used to assess trophic states, and the quantity of food material is generally assessed to determine bioavailability; however, bioavailability is reduced or changed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, we investigated the current trophic state and bioavailability of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea (including the Chukchi Borderland) during the summer of 2017. Based on a cluster analysis, our 12 stations were divided into three groups: the southern, middle, and northern parts of the Chukchi Sea. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that relatively nutrient-rich and high-temperature waters in the southern part of the Chukchi Sea enhanced the microphytoplankton biomass, while picophytoplankton were linked to a high contribution of meltwater derived from sea ice melting in the northern part of the sea. The total PRT accounted for 41.8% (±7.5%) of the POM in the southern part of the sea, and this contribution was higher than those in the middle (26.5 ± 7.5%) and northern (26.5 ± 10.6%) parts, whereas the CHO accounted for more than half of the total POM in the northern parts. As determined by enzymatic hydrolysis, LIP were more rapidly mineralized in the southern part of the Chukchi Sea, whereas CHO were largely used as source of energy for higher trophic levels in the northern part of the Chukchi Sea. Specifically, the bioavailable fraction of POM in the northern part of the Chukchi Sea was higher than it was in the other parts. The findings indicate that increasing meltwater and a low nutrient supply lead to smaller cell sizes of phytoplankton and their taxa (flagellate and green algae) with more CHO and a negative effect on the total concentration of POM. However, in terms of bioavailability (food utilization), which determines the rate at which digested food is used by consumers, potentially available food could have positive effects on ecosystem functioning.

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