scholarly journals Bed Rest and Cognition: Effects on Executive Functioning and Reaction Time

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Lipnicki ◽  
Hanns-Christian Gunga ◽  
Daniel L. Belavý ◽  
Dieter Felsenberg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Bed Rest

scholarly journals Effects of SuperUlam on Supporting Concentration and Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay K Udani
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Study Product ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. SuperUlam is a proprietary blend of natural ingredients aimed at supporting brain health. We aimed to evaluate the effect of SuperUlam on attention and mood in healthy adults.Methods. Twenty healthy individuals aged 35–65 were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Study duration was 3 weeks and consisted of 3 visits. Measurement of cognitive function included computer-based testing of reaction time, complex attention, working memory, sustained attention, and executive functioning. Mood testing was performed via the profile of mood states (POMS) survey and the Chalder fatigue scale.Results. Cognitive function testing demonstrated a significant improvement from baseline in executive functioning, cognitive flexibility, reaction time, and working memory in the product group only (P<0.05). When comparing the study product to placebo, the data demonstrated a significant decrease in tension, depression, and anger (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the product and placebo in the other measures of mood, including vigor, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance. No adverse events were reported.Conclusions.Supplementation with SuperUlam is safe to consume with potential benefits to cognitive function and mood.

The Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART): Development and Validation of a Brief Web-Based Measure of Cognition for Older Adults

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Dorociak ◽  
Nora Mattek ◽  
Jonathan Lee ◽  
Mira I Leese ◽  
Nicole Bouranis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Cognitively Intact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Brief, Web-based, and self-administered cognitive assessments hold promise for early detection of cognitive decline in individuals at risk for dementia. The current study describes the design, implementation, and convergent validity of a fWeb-based cognitive assessment tool, the Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART), for older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A community-dwelling sample of older adults (<i>n</i> = 69) was included, classified as cognitively intact (<i>n</i> = 44) or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, <i>n</i> = 25). Participants completed the SMART at home using their computer, tablet, or other Internet-connected device. The SMART consists of 4 face-valid cognitive tasks available in the public domain assessing visual memory, attention/processing speed, and executive functioning. Participants also completed a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, a cognitive screener, and a daily function questionnaire. Primary SMART outcome measures consisted of subtest completion time (CT); secondary meta-metrics included outcomes indirectly assessed or calculated within the SMART (e.g., click count, total CT, time to complete practice items, and time of day the test was completed). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Regarding validity, total SMART CT, which includes time to complete test items, practice items, and directions, had the strongest relationship with global cognition (β = −0.47, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Test item CT was significantly greater for the MCI group (<i>F =</i> 5.20, <i>p</i> = 0.026). Of the SMART tasks, the executive functioning subtests had the strongest relationship with cognitive status as compared to the attention/processing speed and visual memory subtests. The primary outcome measures demonstrated fair to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.50–0.76). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of the SMART protocol as a feasible, reliable, and valid assessment method to monitor cognitive performance in cognitively intact and MCI older adults.

Association of the Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) Performance and Parent-Report Measures of Behavior and Executive Functioning

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1056-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Barnard ◽  
Roshni Rao ◽  
Yingying Xu ◽  
Tanya Froehlich ◽  
Jeffery Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: To explore the relationship between the Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) performance and parent-report measures of child behavior and executive functioning, and clarify the role of sex in K-CPT performance in preschoolers. Method: Mothers and children recruited to the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study with complete 5-year assessment data relevant to the analyses were included ( N = 127). We examined the association between K-CPT scores and Behavior Assessment System for Children–Second Edition (BASC-2) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) scores, with covariate adjustment. Results: We found no significant associations between K-CPT, BASC-2, and BRIEF scores in the full sample. In sex-stratified analyses, we found unusually fast reaction time on K-CPT was related to executive control difficulties in girls, whereas unusually slow reaction time was related to the same difficulties in boys. Omission errors were associated with executive difficulties only in boys. Conclusion: The K-CPT may prove to be a useful indicator for early onset of executive control difficulties in preschool-aged children.

scholarly journals Head-Down-Tilt Bed Rest With Elevated CO2: Effects of a Pilot Spaceflight Analog on Neural Function and Performance During a Cognitive-Motor Dual Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya D. Mahadevan ◽  
Kathleen E. Hupfeld ◽  
Jessica K. Lee ◽  
Yiri E. De Dios ◽  
Igor S. Kofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Dual Tasking

Spaceflight has widespread effects on human performance, including on the ability to dual task. Here, we examine how a spaceflight analog comprising 30 days of head-down-tilt bed rest (HDBR) combined with 0.5% ambient CO2 (HDBR + CO2) influences performance and functional activity of the brain during single and dual tasking of a cognitive and a motor task. The addition of CO2 to HDBR is thought to better mimic the conditions aboard the International Space Station. Participants completed three tasks: (1) COUNT: counting the number of times an oddball stimulus was presented among distractors; (2) TAP: tapping one of two buttons in response to a visual cue; and (3) DUAL: performing both tasks concurrently. Eleven participants (six males) underwent functional MRI (fMRI) while performing these tasks at six time points: twice before HDBR + CO2, twice during HDBR + CO2, and twice after HDBR + CO2. Behavioral measures included reaction time, standard error of reaction time, and tapping accuracy during the TAP and DUAL tasks, and the dual task cost (DTCost) of each of these measures. We also quantified DTCost of fMRI brain activation. In our previous HDBR study of 13 participants (with atmospheric CO2), subjects experienced TAP accuracy improvements during bed rest, whereas TAP accuracy declined while in the current study of HDBR + CO2. In the HDBR + CO2 subjects, we identified a region in the superior frontal gyrus that showed decreased DTCost of brain activation while in HDBR + CO2, and recovered back to baseline levels before the completion of bed rest. Compared to HDBR alone, we found different patterns of brain activation change with HDBR + CO2. HDBR + CO2 subjects had increased DTCost in the middle temporal gyrus whereas HDBR subjects had decreased DTCost in the same area. Five of the HDBR + CO2 subjects developed signs of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). These subjects exhibited lower baseline dual task activation and higher slopes of change during HDBR + CO2 than subjects with no signs of SANS. Collectively, this pilot study provides insight into the additional and/or interactive effects of CO2 levels during HDBR, and information regarding the impacts of this spaceflight analog environment on the neural correlates of dual tasking.

scholarly journals Change in Cognitive Performance From Midlife Into Old Age: Findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Hughes ◽  
Stefan Agrigoroaei ◽  
Minjeong Jeon ◽  
Molly Bruzzese ◽  
Margie E. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Domains

AbstractObjectives: A substantial body of research has documented age-related declines in cognitive abilities among adults over 60, yet there is much less known about changes in cognitive abilities during midlife. The goal was to examine longitudinal changes in multiple cognitive domains from early midlife through old age in a large national sample, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Methods: The Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) was administered on two occasions (MIDUS 2, MIDUS 3), an average of 9 years apart. At MIDUS 3, those with the cognitive assessment (N=2518) ranged in age from 42 to 92 years (M=64.30; SD=11.20) and had a mean education of 14.68 years (SD=2.63). The BTACT includes assessment of key aging-sensitive cognitive domains: immediate and delayed free recall, number series, category fluency, backward digit span, processing speed, and reaction time for attention switching and inhibitory control, which comprise two factors: episodic memory and executive functioning. Results: As predicted, all cognitive subtests and factors showed very small but significant declines over 9 years, with differences in the timing and extent of change. Processing speed showed the earliest and steepest decrements. Those with higher educational attainment scored better on all tests except reaction time. Men had better executive functioning and women performed better on episodic memory. Conclusions: Examining cognitive changes in midlife provides opportunities for early detection of cognitive impairments and possibilities for preventative interventions. (JINS, 2018, 24, 805–820)

No effect of artificial gravity on lung function with exercise training during head-down bed rest

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Longxiang Su ◽  
Yinghua Guo ◽  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Delong Wang ◽  
Changting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Artificial Gravity ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Expiratory Flow

AbstractTo explore the effectiveness of microgravity simulated by head-down bed rest (HDBR) and artificial gravity (AG) with exercise on lung function. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly divided into control and exercise countermeasure (CM) groups for 96 h of 6° HDBR. Comparisons of pulse rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and lung function were made between these two groups at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h. Compared with the sitting position, inspiratory capacity and respiratory reserve volume were significantly higher than before HDBR (0° position) (P&lt; 0.05). Vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced inspiratory vital capacity, forced inspiratory volume in 1 s, forced expiratory flow at 25, 50 and 75%, maximal mid-expiratory flow and peak expiratory flow were all significantly lower than those before HDBR (P&lt; 0.05). Neither control nor CM groups showed significant differences in the pulse rate, SpO2, pulmonary volume and pulmonary ventilation function over the HDBR observation time. Postural changes can lead to variation in lung volume and ventilation function, but a HDBR model induced no changes in pulmonary function and therefore should not be used to study AG CMs.

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