scholarly journals A SURVEY OF SILAGE QUALITY ON NORTHLAND DAIRY FARMS

1982 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
K. Betteridge ◽  
J.R. Sedcole
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Silage Quality

A survey was made on 31 dairy farms of the botanical and chemical composition of pasture being ensiled and of the chemical composition of the resultant silages. Despite the wide range in grass (37-100s) and legume (O-SO%) components, drymatter content (20-56v/o), soluble carbohydrate (4-19s) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (43-69%) contents, NDF was the only component significantly correlated with dry matter digestibility (range 53-76%) (r = -0.77; P > 0.01). Wilting time ranged from 2-47 hours except in seven of the silages which were not wilted. Four silages were not covered with polythene but were similar in chemical composition to other silages when sampled in summer. Phosphorus (P) (.lS-.42% DM) and nitrogen (N) (l.O-2.2% DM) in silage were below published requirements for cows in mid lactation in more than 75% of the silages. It is suggested that either or both of these minerals may limit milk production from cows fed a predominantly silage ration during summer. Ensiling of less-mature pasture is advocated to ensure a more digestible feed which is likely to contain adequate levels of P and N.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Relations between fibre and water soluble carbohydrate contents of pasture species and their digestibility and voluntary intake by sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) levels were determined on 80 samples of known apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD) and voluntary intake of dry matter (DMI). The pastures consisted of regrowths of six species: Trifolium repens (white clover cv. Grasslands Huia), Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum (short rotation ryegrass c.v Grasslands Manawa), Lolium perenne (long rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ariki), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass cv. Tasmania No. I), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Currie) and Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Grasslands Apanui), cut eight times between May 1969 and August 1970. Overall, white clover had a lower NDF and a lower WSC content than the ryegrasses but both groups had similar ADF contents. Cocksfoots had higher NDF and ADF, and lower WSC contents than the ryegrasses. NDF and ADF could be used to predict the DMD of all species in all seasons with residual standard deviations (RSD) of 3.0 and 3.2 DMD units (per cent) respectively. No significant relations (P < 0.05) were present between DMD and WSC content. Seasonal differences were present in the relations between DMI and chemical composition. The RSD of the overall regressions of intake with NDF, ADF, and WSC contents were 9.3, 9.4, and 8.9 DMI units (g/day/kg0.75) respectively. Within seasons, DMI was best predicted by regressions with detergent fibre content and here the RSD had a range of 3.4 to 5.2 DMI units. Within species over all seasons, DMI was predicted best by regressions with WSC content and the RSD had a range of 5.7 to 7.9 DMI units. The usefulness of the chemical composition measurements in explaining the reason for the low intakes, previously found with winter pasture, is discussed.

Response of common silage corn hybrids to inoculant application: fermentation profile, carbohydrate fractions, and digestibility during ensiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Marija Duvnjak ◽  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Darko Grbeša
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality

Corn silage digestibility studies have focussed on genetically distant corn types. Conversely, silage additive studies monitored fermentation differences without discussing the subject of hybrid digestibility. How ensiling phases and additives affect silage quality in commercial corn hybrids has not been properly examined yet. As corn silage quality is a result of combined silage fermentation and digestibility characteristics, the aim of the study was to examine fermentation and digestibility responses to inoculant application in whole-plant corn silage of commercial hybrids intended for silage production in several time points during ensiling. Three corn hybrids grown under identical conditions in a split-plot field test were ensiled without inoculant application and with inoculant containing lactic acid bacteria and carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. Silages were sampled before ensiling, at the peak of the fermentation phase and during the stable phase. The fermentation profile, carbohydrate fraction, ruminal in vitro true dry matter digestibility, ruminal in vitro starch digestibility, and ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility were monitored. Although adding inoculant to silage improved its lactic acid production and decrease in pH, it did not affect its starch and fibre contents or their digestibility. Digestibility improved as ensiling continued, with the highest in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility and in vitro true dry matter digestibility values observed in the stable phase. Corn hybrids in this study differed in main fermentation characteristics, carbohydrate contents, and digestibility. These results suggest that even for commercial corn hybrids, the hybrid type is more important than inoculant for optimising silage characteristics and digestibility.

scholarly journals Predicted milk production per hectare based on yield and chemical composition of native and hybrid maize silage varieties on temperate and tropical regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles Jiménez ◽  
Manuel González Ronquillo ◽  
Melchor Rosas Davila ◽  
Jorge Osorio Avalos ◽  
Carlos Palacios Riocerezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Maize Varieties

The objective of the present study was to characterize maize silage according to chemical composition, maize silage yield, as well as their predicted milk production. A search was made on studies related to maize silage yield, density, chemical composition (DM, CP, NDF, starch), and dry matter digestibility (DMD). In this study, 41 maize varieties from temperate regions and 101 maize varieties from tropical origin were analyzed. The net energy of lactation (NEL Mcal/kg DM), kilograms of milk per t of silage (kg of milk/t DM), and kilograms of milk per hectare of silage (kg of milk/ha) were determined. A cluster (CL) analysis was performed, and six CL of maize silage were obtained. The CL1 included digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, NEL, and kg of milk/t DM. CL2 was characterized by maize silage with the highest number of plants per hectare and NDF. CL3 included the highest ash content. CL4 consisted of intermediate values for all variables. CL5 included the highest forage yield (t DM/ha) and kg of milk/ha whereas CL6 included the highest kg of milk/t. Overall, CL1 resulted in the highest DMD and NEL, producing more milk per t DM. Results suggested that the ideal option is maize silage with a higher forage yield and more than 35 % DM (CL5) since this produces more kg of milk per hectare.

A survey on the effect of management techniques and pasture composition and quality at harvesting on silage quality on dairy farms in western Victoria

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Western Victoria

Summary. Factors associated with silage quality were investigated on 140 dairy farms in western Victoria. The management factors measured were date of lock up, date cut, length of lock up, duration of wilting, raking and tedding during wilting period, rainfall during wilting period and the type of silage made. Pasture variables measured at harvesting included percentage composition (ryegrass, legume, other grasses and weeds), dry matter of pasture, metabolisable energy, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and water-soluble carbohydrate of the pasture, and dry matter yield of the pasture. The average lock up time of pasture for silage was mid September, although the range was from late July to early November. The length of lock up varied from 16 to 91 days with a mean value of 49 days and pastures were on average harvested in early November. Ryegrass on average accounted for 61%, legumes and other grasses accounting for a further 15% each and weeds about 5%. The range in quality of pasture at harvesting was highlighted by the range in metabolisable energy (8.9–11.3 MJ/kg DM) and crude protein (10.2–20.4%) values. Wilting times varied from 0.5 to 15 days with the biggest range being observed in pastures used for baled silage. All factors were regressed against final silage metabolisable energy and crude protein. Factors which had the greatest effect on final silage metabolisable energy were date of cutting, length of lock up, type of silage, the interaction between type of silage and length of lock up, length of wilting and mechanical treatment during the wilting period. Final silage crude protein was most strongly associated with date of cutting, crude protein content of the pasture and mechanical treatment during the wilting period. Mechanical treatment during the wilting period had the greatest influence on silage quality. Other options to improve silage quality such as cutting earlier or reducing wilting periods may not be possible or economically viable.

scholarly journals Study on existing nutritional condition of peri-urban dairies at Chittagong, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
M Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M Ahaduzzaman ◽  
MR Begum
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

The study was aimed to observe the nutritive value of concentrate used in different dairy farms at peri-urban areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Ten (10) different concentrate feeds were randomly selected from ten different farms which analyzed for moisture, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free extracts (NFE), ether extracts (EE), total ash (TA) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) and requirements of concentrate for unit production of milk was calculated. It was found that the nutritive value of individual feed concentrate of each farm varied significantly. The observed proportion of using feed ingredients was also significantly different among the farms. Finally, it may be summarized that the concentrate mixture used by the different farmers of peri-urban areas of Chittagong was different in regards to chemical composition, ingredients and amount required for milk production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17844 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 49-53, December, 2013

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEADOW FOXTAIL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM ◽  
J. N. TINGLE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
N Rates

The effects of spring-applied nitrogen (0, 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha) and phosphorus (0 and 27.4 kg/ha) on the dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality of successive harvests of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) were investigated. Nitrogen increased DM yield, crude protein, Cu, K and Zn contents and decreased P, Ca, Mg and Mn contents. Application of P in combination with N increased K content in the first cut and arrested the decline of P content due to N application in all cuts. The levels of dry matter digestibility and Cu declined in successive cuts whereas Mn content increased. At low N rates, Ca and Mg contents increased as the season advanced.

scholarly journals Yield and chemical composition of milk of grazing and supplemented Tropical Milking criollo cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Rosendo Ponce ◽  
Adrián Sánchez Gómez ◽  
Ángel Ríos Ortíz ◽  
Glafiro Torres Hernández ◽  
Carlos Miguel Becerril Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk production under grazing conditions is carried out in the intertropical region of hot climates due to its low production cost. The Tropical Milking criollo breed (LT) is characterized by its hardiness in this region, and its high milk quality and cheese yield. Grazing supplementation can increase milk production; however, it can also change its chemical composition. The effect of supplementation with commercial feed in LT cows was evaluated concerning the quantity and physicochemical traits of their milk by lactation. The treatments used were feeding based only on grazing para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and grazing plus 1 kg supplementation with 20 % protein commercial feed for every 5 kg of milk produced daily. The daily milk production per cow increased from 5.82 ± 0.18 to 7.10 ± 0.18 kg due to supplementation. Dry matter intake was similar in both treatments. The concentration of fat, protein, lactose, non-fat, and total solids did not suffer modifications (p > 0.05), but the daily production of each component per cow increased in animals supplemented due to the multiplicative effect of the amount of milk. The number of calvings affected milk production, fat, and ureic nitrogen in milk, and somatic cell count (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementation used in this study was enough to increase milk production by 22 %, without modifying its chemical composition.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Different Rations in Nutrition of High-Productive Cows on Milk Quantity and Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Goce Cilev ◽  
Živko Gacovski ◽  
Biljana Petrovska ◽  
Jovan Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper shows the results of production and chemical compo­sition of cow’s milk on a farm MILKO-HF, Prilep, R. Macedonia with capacity of 100 cows of Holstein-Frisian breed divided into two groups (control and experimental). In control group I which was fed in a standard way of nutrition (ration used on the farm), average daily production of milk per cow ws 22.49 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.75%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, nonfat dry matter 9.56% and total dry matter 13.31%. In experimental group II which were fed with the ration according to normatives, average daily production of milk per cow is 24.04 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.99%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, non-fat dry matter 9.58% and total dry matter 13.57%. The obtained results show the increase in milk production for 1.55 kg-6.89% and better chemical composition of milk in the experimental group of cows. Thus, dry matter was increased from 13.31% to 13.57%-1.95%, milk fat content from 3.75% to 3.99%-6.4%, nonfat dry matter from 9.56% to 9.58%-0.21%, while the content of protein and lactose stayed on equal level. It was determined that the normed nutrition has influenced on production increase and better chemical composition of milk without unnecessary spent high level of nutrient i.e. nutrition of cows according to recommended normative.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document