scholarly journals Comparison of phosphate fertilisers in a grazed hill country pasture

1990 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Second Year

A grazing trial evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of 3 different types of phosphate (P) fertilisers. The same fertilisers were also evaluated in a small-plot mowing trial located within the grazing trial. In the grazing trial, which covered 35 ha of summer moist hill country, the partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) and reactive phosphate rock (RPR) were as effective as superphosphate in stimulating legume and pasture production in the first year. In the second year the two slow-release materials continued to perform as well as SSP. In contrast in the mowing trial, superphosphate was more effective than RPR in the first year. This trial technique clearly underestimates the initial effectiveness of PAPR and RPR in grazed hill country. The traditional small-plot mowing trial technique, and the role of PAPR and RPR fertilisers in hill country, both need re-evaluation. Keywords hill country, superphosphate, slow release fertilisers, mowing trials, grazed pasture

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of RPR fertiIiser in a grazed pasture

1992 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Mcbride
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
The Third ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock

The effectiveness of Sechura RPR (SPR) plus sulphur (S) as a development and maintenance fertiliser was compared with superphosphate (SSP) on an irrigated grazed pasture. In 1980, SSP or SPR plus S was applied at 71 kg/ha phosphorus (P) to pastures that had not received fertiliser for 22 years, but had been recently over-drilled with ryegrass and white clover. Annual maintenance rates of 250 kg SSP/ha and 175 kg SPRjha plus S, (supplying 22 kg P/ha and 27 kg S/ha), were applied from 198 1 to 1992. In the first year the SSP treatment restored pasture production to near optimal level and this level was maintained over subsequent years with annual topdressings. In contrast, the SPR plus S treatment did not restore pasture production until the third year. In the first two years production from this treatment was only 69% and 88%. respectively, of the 250 kg/ha/year SSP treatment. From year 3, annual applications of SPR plus S maintained pasture production. In the first 3 years P concentrations of pasture topdressed with SPR were lower than those of pastures topdressed with SSP. Herbage S concentrations were adequate on both fertiliser treatments. Soil Olsen P levels rose quickly in the first year after the initial application of SSP then decreased to the same level as the SPR plus S treatment. Olsen P levels have been rising steadily since 1983, from both forms of P, indicating that 22 kg P/ha/year is above maintenance for this site. Keywords development fertiliser, irrigated pasture, maintenance fertiliser, Sechura reactive phosphate rock, superphosphate

scholarly journals Response to re-application of phosphate fertilisers on hill pasture where fertiliser had been withheld for seven years

1993 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
G.J. Brier
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Research Area ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
P Rate

A field experiment at the AgResearch Te Kuiti Research Area examined effects of re-application of phosphorus (P) fertilisers on production and composition of hill pastures (1520% slope) which had received no P for 7 years. Treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P/ha/year as single superphosphate (SSP) or North Carolina reactive phosphate rock (RPR). The soil was a yellowbrown earth/yellow-brown loam intergrade with Olsen P 9. Re-application of P produced a rapid and large increase in pasture production of up to 42 and 61% in years 1 and 2, respectively, and brought production up to 95% of that measured in neighbouring regularly fertilised paddocks. The pasture response to RPR was less (PcO.01) than that to SSP in both years, particularly at the highest rate. This indicated that RPR was less suitable for capital application. The P response was due almost entirely to an increase in white clover growth, and N, fixation was estimated to increase from 30 to 130 kg N/ha/year. In year 2, there was an increase in ryegrass content of pasture receiving the high P rate and this was attributed to increased nitrogen availability due to increased N, fixation. Keywords: hill country, phosphorus, reactive phosphate rock, superphosphate

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTlLlSER ON PRODUCTION OF MILK SOLIDS FROM GRAZED PASTURE

1982 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
A.M. Bryant ◽  
K.A. Macdonald ◽  
D.G. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Production Response

In each of two years, eight 6.48 ha farmlets were used to assess effects of urea applications on dairy production. In the first year, 86 kg N/ha were applied in 2-3 dressings during May-August. Effects on annual milkfat and pasture production were not significant. In the second year 3-4 applications totalling 137 kg N/ha in April to September significantly increased annual milkfat and pasture production. Response in milkfat production per hectare to urea application averaged 0.22 (range - 0.16 to 0.45) and 0.25 (range - 0.1 I to 0.39) kgfat/ kgN in the first and second years respectively. These responses were not economic at present-day prices.

scholarly journals Effects of reactive phosphate rock and superphosphate on sheep and pasture production in hill country

1991 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
K.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
A Site

Arad reactive phosphate rock (RPR) and single superphosphate(SSP) were compared as phosphate fertilisers in a sheep farmlet grazing trial and in two mowing trials over 3 years. The trials were on a volcanic ash soil at the MAF Te Kuiti Research Area on a site with limited fertiliser addition in the previous 2 years (Olsen P soil test averaged 10 in the grazing trial). Soil sulphur levels were high and there was no requirement for added sulphur over the -3 years of the trial. Pasture and animal measurements showed responses to SSP in all years, with RPR being initially less effective than SSP. By year 3, responses from RPR were near those from SSP. Economicassessmentof thegrazing trial corresponded with production data, except in year 1 when there was little benefit from either fertiliser. SSP was more cost-effective than RPR in year2 whereas they were similarin year 3. Over the 3 years, both fertilisers were profitable and there was an apparent cumulative net benefit from SSP over RPR. It was estimated that by year 4 the cumulative net benefit would be similar for both fertilisers or would be reversed in favour of RPR. Keywords reactive phosphate rock, hill country, grazing trial, superphosphate, mowing trials

scholarly journals Sperm Cryopreservation in American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus Ruber): Influence of Cryoprotectants and Seminal Plasma Removal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
María Gemma Millán de la Blanca ◽  
Eva Martínez-Nevado ◽  
Cristina Castaño ◽  
Juncal García ◽  
Berenice Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
American Flamingo ◽  
Phoenicopterus Ruber

The American flamingo is a useful model for the development of successful semen cryopreservation procedures to be applied to threatened related species from the family Phoenicopteridae, and to permit genetic material banking. Current study sought to develop effective sperm cryopreservation protocols through examining the influences of two permeating cryoprotectants and the seminal plasma removal. During two consecutive years (April), semen samples were collected and frozen from American flamingos. In the first year, the effect of two permeating cryoprotectants, DMA (dimethylacetamide) (6%) or Me2SO (dimethylsulphoxide) (8%), on frozen–thawed sperm variables were compared in 21 males. No differences were seen between DMA and Me2SO for sperm motility, sperm viability, and DNA fragmentation after thawing. In the second year, the role of seminal plasma on sperm cryoresistance was investigated in 31 flamingos. Sperm samples were cryopreserved with and without seminal plasma, using Me2SO (8%) as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that samples with seminal plasma had higher values than samples without seminal plasma for the following sperm variables: Straight line velocity (22.40 µm/s vs. 16.64 µm/s), wobble (75.83% vs. 69.40%), (p < 0.05), linearity (62.73% vs. 52.01%) and straightness (82.38% vs. 73.79%) (p < 0.01); but acrosome integrity was lower (55.56% vs. 66.88%) (p < 0.05). The cryoresistance ratio (CR) was greater in samples frozen with seminal plasma than without seminal plasma for CR-progressive motility (138.72 vs. 54.59), CR-curvilinear velocity (105.98 vs. 89.32), CR-straight line velocity (152.77 vs. 112.58), CR-average path velocity (122.48 vs. 98.12), CR-wobble (111.75 vs. 102.04) (p < 0.05), CR-linearity (139.41 vs. 113.18), and CR-straightness (124.02 vs. 109.97) (p < 0.01). This research demonstrated that there were not differences between Me2SO and DMA to successful freezing sperm of flamingos; seminal plasma removal did not provide a benefit for sperm cryopreservation.

scholarly journals DOES FINTECH MATTER FOR INDONESIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-456
Author(s):  
Seema Wati Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stock Market Development ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Investment And Financing ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Financial Technology

This paper investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in propelling economic growth in Indonesia from 1998 to 2018. The FinTech industry employs a technology-based business model to provide financial services, including lending, payment, investment, and financing services. The study is motivated by endogenous growth theory, which seeks to explain technology as the most important driver of economic growth. The study finds that FinTech startups are positively correlated with Indonesia’s economic growth. FinTech firms in their first year are found to be disruptive, but they fail to have serious consequences on Indonesia’s economic growth; however, they seem to significantly encourage economic growth in their second year. These findings are derived after accounting for other important growth determinants, namely, capital per labor, foreign direct investment (FDI), stock market development, and trade openness.

scholarly journals Fertilizing of young rubber in the Cameroons.

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
H.N. Hasselo
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Shallow Soils

The growth response to (NH4)2SO4, phosphate rock and KC1, given in all combinations at increasing annual rates of up to 24 oz/tree until the seventh year after planting, was measured by the girth increase of Hevea in three soils formed from the same parent material but possessing different nutrient status and depths to the root-impeding layers. Despite poor nutrient supply in the soil, lack of rooting depth had a greater effect on growth than had nutrient availability; while abundant nutrient supply reduced the unproductive period by half a year, this reduction was at least one year in shallow soils. Annual fluctuations in yield were reduced by balanced application of small amounts of fertilizers. Fertilized trees, opened up at 18-inch girth, yielded 430 lb/acre in the first year whether given balanced fertilizer or not; in the second year, trees given balanced fertilizer yielded 700 lb as compared with 580 lb without fertilizer. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Role of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in the Management of Children with Middle Ear Effusion

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Ear Effusion

Evidence for the clinical effectiveness of adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the management of children with persistent middle ear effusions is incomplete and what evidence there is in the literature is not convincing. In the first year after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy there is less otitis media. The beneficial effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the incidence of otitis media declines in the second year after the operation. The prevailing opinion is that adenoidectomy is not indicated in the vast majority of children in whom a middle ear effusion has persisted for six weeks or more in spite of antibiotic therapy. Factors favoring an adenoidectomy would be persistent nasal obstruction, persistent purulent rhinorrhea and persistent adenoiditis. The role of tonsillectomy is even less clear, but the decision regarding tonsillectomy is made by most clinicians on the basis of the amount of intercurrent or chronic tonsillitis rather than on the basis of the middle ear effusion per se.

The short-term effects of rock phosphate and super-phosphate on a subterranean clover pasture.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
PG Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Second Year

A 2-year field experiment is described, in which an annual-type pasture was grown on a soil of lateritic origin with various initial rates of rock phosphate and superphosphate. The soil was acutely deficient in plant-available phosphorus at the outset. Application of superphosphate led to the expected increases in total pasture production, but rock phosphate also gave substantial yield increases, even during the first season. Differential species effects were noted; subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and cape-weed (Cryptostemma calendula Druce) responded about equally to superphosphate, but the clover responded to rock phosphate to a greater extent than did cape-weed. Both relative efficiency for total plant growth and percentage utilization of applied phosphorus were much higher with the soluble phosphatic fertilizer than with rock phosphate, especially in the first year. However, phosphorus recovery from rock phosphate was as high in the second year as in the first, whereas there was a marked decrease in the second year from superphosphate.

scholarly journals Effect of slow release fertilizers on container-grown woody plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Šrámek ◽  
M. Dubský
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Pyracantha Coccinea

Slow-Release Fertilizers (SRF) Silvamix Forte and Silvagen were tested in two-year experiments with container-grown woody plants (<i>Pyracantha coccinea</i>, <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>). Several fertilizing systems were compared: preplant application of SRF into substrate as the sole nutrient source for a two-year period, preplant application of SRF and soluble fertilizer (PG Mix), and preplant application of SRF and soluble fertilizer together with additional fertilizing by solution of nitrogen fertilizer during both growing periods. A system with controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) Osmocote 5&minus;6 was chosen as a control variant; it was incorporated into substrate before planting in the first year and top-dressed in the second year. CRF Plantacote 6M (mixed into substrate before planting and top-dressed in the second year) and Osmocote 16&minus;18 applied only before planting were tested, too. The experiments showed that SRF Silvamix Forte and Silvagen give results comparable with CFR provided that they were incorporated together with soluble ferti-lizer dose and plants were fertilized by solution of nitrogen fertilizer during both growing periods.

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