Effects of clover root weevil and moisture stress on subterranean, balansa, Persian, arrowleaf and white clovers

2008 ◽  
pp. 255-257
Author(s):  
J.R. Crush ◽  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
L. Ouyang ◽  
D.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Root Herbivory ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment

The effect on plant growth of clover root weevil (CRW) larval feeding on nodules and roots was examined for the annual clovers, subterranean cv. Leura, balansa cv. Bolta, arrowleaf cv. Arrowtas and Persian cv. Mihi, and white clover cv. Tribute. Mini-swards of each clover species were used in a glasshouse experiment, with half of these exposed to CRW larval feeding. Keywords: Sitona lepidus, root herbivory, annual clovers, drought

scholarly journals Effects of invertebrate pests on white and annual clovers in dryland soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
T.M. Eden ◽  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
D.J. Wilson ◽  
N.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root

Two experiments were carried out at Ruakura in soil taken from Whatawhata hill country pasture The relative susceptibility of several annual clovers (Trifolium spp) and perennial white clover (T repens) to slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) adults native crickets (Nemobius sp) or wheat bugs (Nysius huttoni) was tested by sowing seed of the clovers into separate rows in turf Susceptibility of clovers to clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) was tested by sowing each clover variety into Whatawhata soil inoculated with the nematode Plant growth was assessed in both experiments 4 weeks after sowing White clover was more susceptible to pests than the annual clovers with slugs and clover root weevil significantly reducing seedling survival and clover cyst nematode significantly reducing plant growth Subterranean clover (T subterraneum) cv Denmark was the least affected by pests showing no significant reduction in survival in the presence of slugs the most damaging pest and no significant decrease in plant root and shoot dry weight when exposed to nematodes

scholarly journals Formononetin in clovers as a feeding deterrent against clover root weevil

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Crush Gerard ◽  
S. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Root Weevils ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
The Impact

The effect of leaf feeding by adult clover root weevils on the isoflavonoid content of red and white clovers was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. Lines of both clovers previously selected for variation in formononetin content were used. A higher percentage of white clover leaves than red clover leaves were damaged by the weevils, and the high formononetin red clover was least readily eaten. The formononetin content of the white clovers did not differ between the selections, was much lower than in the red clovers, and did not change in response to weevil feeding. In both red clover lines, formononetin and biochaninA levels rose in response to weevil feeding, suggesting that both compounds have antifeedant properties against clover root weevil. Because high foliar levels of oestrogenic compounds like formononetin threaten fertility of grazing sheep it is concluded that plant breeding programmes should increase the levels of formononetin and/or biochaninA in clover roots to mitigate the impact of weevil larval feeding on roots and nodules.

scholarly journals Effect of clover root weevil larvae on four annual forage legumes

2007 ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Crush ◽  
L. Ouyang ◽  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
S. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Species Tolerance ◽  
High Level

The effect of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) (CRW) larval feeding on subterranean, suckling, striated and clustered clovers was compared with white clover in a glasshouse experiment. Growth of suckling, striated, and clustered clover was significantly reduced by CRW, approaching the levels of damage recorded in white clover. N fixation in suckling and clustered clovers was also reduced. Growth and nitrogen fixation of two subterranean clovers (cv. Denmark, cv. Leura) were changed relatively little by CRW larval feeding. The relatively high level of the isoflavonoid biochaninA that was present in subterranean clover roots may explain the species' tolerance of CRW. These results suggest that CRW may not pose a major threat to dryland farming systems based on subterranean clover. Keywords: annual clover, clover root weevil, roots, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium glomeratum, Trifolium striatum, Trifolium subterraneum

scholarly journals South Island distributions of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent

2010 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
M.R. Mcneill ◽  
S. Hardwick ◽  
C.M. Ferguson ◽  
J.M. Kean
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
The North ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root

Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) (CRw), a white clover pest from the Northern Hemisphere, was first found in the North island in 1996.

scholarly journals Interaction between clover root weevil and clover root type

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Care ◽  
J.R. Crush ◽  
S. Hardwick ◽  
S.N. Nichols ◽  
L. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Root Feeding ◽  
Root Types

A slant board experiment investigated the effect of four white clover (Trifolium repens L) root types on tolerance of root feeding by larvae of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus Gyllenhål) Root damage was determined by image analysis and larval weight gains were measured Differences in root type did not have a major impact on initial damage by clover root weevil However different root types were affected differently by the clover root weevil A clover genotype with long fine roots had more functional root length after larval feeding than genotypes with different root types

scholarly journals Relationship between Sitona lepidus larval numbers and white clover seed production

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

Plots of two cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens) Grasslands Prestige (smallleaved early flowering) and Grasslands Kopu (largeleaved later flowering) were established in coldframe beds Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) larval numbers were manipulated to obtain winter larval densities ranging from 0 to over 1000/m2 Increasing winter larval densities increased Prestige seed production (g/m2) when harvested on 28 December and 10 January and the trend was still evident on 24 January No such relationships were found in Kopu for the early and middle harvests but at the late harvest increasing winter larval densities had a negative impact on seed production The results indicate that the effect of clover root weevil larvae on second year clover seed crops may vary substantially between cultivars and may even be positive rather than negative

The bionomics of an invasive speciesSitona lepidusduring its establishment in New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
S.L. Goldson ◽  
S. Hardwick ◽  
P.J. Addison ◽  
B.E. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Exotic Pest ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycle ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Adult Abundance

AbstractThe egg, larval, pupal and adult abundance of the clover root weevilSitona lepidusGyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was monitored at three sites for the first ten years following the discovery of this exotic pest in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The species went through an initial boom and bust cycle at two sites, with populations reaching up to 1800 larvae m−2. Thereafter, winter larval populations were relatively stable, ranging between 450–750 m−2. Unlike in the Northern Hemisphere,S. lepiduswas found to have two generations a year in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Pasture white clover content at the time of peak adult numbers was positively related to the subsequent peak larval populations for each generation. The factors contributing to the emergence ofS. lepidusas one of the most important pasture pests in New Zealand are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigations into suitability of Trifolium occidentale as a host plant for two common pasture pests

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
K.M. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trifolium Occidentale

Western clover (Trifolium occidentale) is a diploid perennial clover that is reported to be one of the progenitors of white clover (Trifolium repens) The ability to produce hybrids between T repens and T occidentale provides an opportunity to introduce factors to improve white clover tolerance to common stress factors A series of assays was undertaken to compare the feeding and performance of two contrasting pests on two T occidentale lines and two T repens cultivars Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) adults showed a preference for T repens but this diminished if weevils had been previously exposed to T occidentale Weevil longevity feeding levels and oviposition were comparable over 32 days indicating T occidentale is a host plant for adult S lepidus Clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) showed a strong preference for T repens over T occidentale in a choice test and higher feeding levels on T repens in the nochoice test

scholarly journals Red clover - a legume showing tolerance to clover root weevil

2003 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
B.M. Cooper ◽  
J.R. Crush ◽  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
B.E. Willoughby ◽  
K.A. Panckhurst
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Potential Tolerance

Clover root weevil (CRW) has now spread through the northern North Island, and south into Taranaki and Hawke's Bay r egions. Sever e infestations can decimate white clover in pasture. In 1998, 2000 and 2002, trials were estab lished on a Warkworth Northland dairy farm to test a range of legume species for resistance or tolerance to CRW damage. Trial lines were regularly assessed for relative vigour and levels of CRW damage. No plant resistance w as identified among white clover, red clover, lucerne, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus or Caucasian clover seed lines. A few lines were adapted to the site and showed tolerance to CRW. Red clover suf fered the least damage and tolerant selections were made from a creeping red clover and nine white clover lines. Two further trials confirmed that red clover showed the least damage. Further cycles of selection are required to develop the potential tolerance shown in field tests. Red clover or a well-adapted white clover offers potential to cope with the CRW stress. Keywords: clover root weevil, clover selections, legume tolerance, Sitona lepidus

scholarly journals Leaf herbivory by clover root weevil adults how much do they eat

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
D.L. Hackell
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Leaf Herbivory

Populations of adult clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) can inflict significant numbers of their distinctive feeding notches on the leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens) plants However it is assumed that because white clover is bred for defoliation the damage on established plants has little impact Two experiments were undertaken to quantify the daily leaf consumption levels of adult weevils and how this varied with weevil size and sex clover cultivar and previous leaf damage Overall adults consumed between 075 and 12 mg dry matter/day depending on cultivar and sex Sexual differences were observed between two contrasting clover cultivars with females consuming more Grassland Prestige and males Grasslands Kopu Clover dry matter loss through adult feeding was estimated at about 50 kg/ha from early summer until midwinter in the Waikato the period of peak adult activity

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