scholarly journals The Influence of Somatic Pathology on the Health Status of Children With Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperreactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
A. Matkeeva ◽  
E. Kondratieva
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The article studies the mechanisms of various types of formation of somatic diseases that underwent perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. And also, the study included 30 children with attention deficit disorder with hyperreactivity in combination with various somatic diseases aged 6 to 8 years and a control group of 30 children (children’s health). The study concluded that the severity of disorders depends on the level of neuropsychic development. Children showed high morbidity, delayed maturation of bioelectrical activity of the brain, impaired autoregulation of cerebral circulation, tension and overstrain of autonomic regulation, imbalance of the immune system, reflecting immaturity of the central, autonomic nervous, immune system.

scholarly journals Analysis of electrogenesis’ changes in mental retardation persons by using computer electroencephalography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
B. Lobasyuk ◽  
L. Bartsevich ◽  
A. Zamkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Beta Rhythms ◽  
The Brain

Justification. Mental retardation is a persistent decrease in human cognitive activity against the background of organic damage to the central nervous system. Neurophysiological diagnostics, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), most adequately reflects the morpho-functional state of the central nervous system, which is the basis of the mechanisms of mental activity, and the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain can be considered as the main indicator that determines a decrease in the level of intellectual development and, thereby, characterizes this state. This provision actualizes the search for highly informative indicators of the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with intellectual disabilities. Purspose. With the use of periodometric analysis investigate EEG’s indicators and interhemispheric asymmetry of rhythms amplitudes in MR patients. Materials and methods. The EEG was recorded in a state of calm wakefulness with closed eyes with Neuron-Spectrum-2 electroencephalograph. Differences in indicators were tracked using the calculation of the coefficient of compliance (CC), EEG functional asymmetry coefficients in amplitude were determined, too. Results. It was revealed that in MR patients the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy subjects. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. Duration indices in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG in mental retardation compared with the control group were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms - decreased. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices. Conclusions 1. With mental retardation, the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy people. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. 2. The indices of duration in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG of MR subjects were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms – decreased. 3. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons, it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices.

scholarly journals Risk Factors in Children With Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperreactivity in Combination With Somatic Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
A. Matkeeva ◽  
M. Asheraliev ◽  
G. Maimerova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Somatic Diseases

The article presents the results of anamnestic data in 120 children with ADHD with somatic diseases aged 6 to 11 years, in which perinatal lesions of the central nervous system were revealed. These parameters were specific, sensitive and reliable in relation to the development of attention deficit disorder with hyperreactivity in children in combination with somatic diseases.

scholarly journals How to Predict the Impact of Methylphenidate on Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder: Methylphenidate Improves Autonomic Dysfunction in Children with ADHD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Buchhorn ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Christian Willaschek ◽  
Kambiz Norozi
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Impact

Background. Although stimulants have long been touted as treatments for attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), in recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about the cardiovascular safety of these medications. We aimed to prove if measurements of autonomic function with time domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter ECG are useful to predict the risk of sudden cardiac death in ADHD children and adolescents. Methods. We analysed HRV obtained from children with the diagnosis of ADHD prior to (N=12) or during medical therapy (N=19) with methylphenidate (MPH), aged 10.8±2.0 years (mean ± SD), who were referred to our outpatient Paediatric Cardiology Clinic to rule out heart defect. As a control group, we compared the HRV data of 19 age-matched healthy children without heart defect. Results. Average HRV parameters from 24-hour ECG in the ADHD children prior to MPH showed significant lower values compared to healthy children with respect to rMSSD (26±4 ms versus 44±10 ms, P≤0.0001) and pNN50 (6.5±2.7% versus 21.5±9.0%, P≤0.0001). These values improved in MPH-treated children with ADHD (RMSSD: 36±8 ms; pNN50: 14.2±6.9%). Conclusion. Children who suffer from ADHD show significant changes in HRV that predominantly reflects diminished vagal tone, a well-known risk factor of sudden cardiac death in adults. In our pilot study, MPH treatment improved HRV.

A Comparison between Barkley Behavioral Therapy, Minuchin Structural Family Therapy and Neuro-feedback on Anxiety among children suffering from Attention Deficit – Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Baqer Mirza Hasanvand ◽  
◽  
Kiyan Gholam Javadi Tarziloo ◽  
Mahbube Mostafa Khiri ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Family Therapy ◽  
Structural Family ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background & objective: Due to the consequences of attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder, various therapy approach have been formed. This research aimed to investigate a comparative study between Barkley behavioral therapy, Minuchin structural family therapy and neuro-feedback on anxiety among children suffering from attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi - experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population consisted of all primary school student in Karaj in 2018. By using cluster sampling method, 400 students selected and screening conducted for hyperactivity and anxiety. The sample consisted of 40 (10 for each group) students and their mothers were selected by as an available and randomly recruits to each of groups. Instruments for gathering data were semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS), short diagnostic scale for hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder (Caners, 1999) and multidimensional child anxiety scale (March et al., 1997). Then, the participants in the experimental groups (Three groups) participated in Barkley behavioral therapy (9 sessions of 90 min), Minuchin structural family therapy (8 sessions of 90 min) and neuro-feedback (25 sessions of 30 min), while the control group did not receive any intervention. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as MANCOVA and ANCOVA. Data analysig was performed with SPSS.v16 and significant levels of all tests set on 0.05. Results: The results indicate that Barkley behavioral therapy, Minuchin structural family therapy and neuro-feedback have significant impact on anxiety among children suffering from attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder, generally (P < 0.01). Furthermore, post-hoc test revealed that the efficacy of therapies on anxiety of experiment groups is different (P < 0.01). Three months follow-up results represent resistance of therapies (P > 0.01). Conclusion: So, using of these therapies for reduction of anxiety among children suffering from attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder. Key words: Barkley behavioral therapy, Minuchin structural family therapy, neuro-feedback, anxiety, attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder

scholarly journals Immune System in the Brain: A Modulatory Role on Dendritic Spine Morphophysiology?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Kurt Bitzer-Quintero ◽  
Ignacio González-Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system is closely linked to the immune system at several levels. The brain parenchyma is separated from the periphery by the blood brain barrier, which under normal conditions prevents the entry of mediators such as activated leukocytes, antibodies, complement factors, and cytokines. The myeloid cell lineage plays a crucial role in the development of immune responses at the central level, and it comprises two main subtypes: (1) resident microglia, distributed throughout the brain parenchyma; (2) perivascular macrophages located in the brain capillaries of the basal lamina and the choroid plexus. In addition, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and, to a lesser extent, neurons are implicated in the immune response in the central nervous system. By modulating synaptogenesis, microglia are most specifically involved in restoring neuronal connectivity following injury. These cells release immune mediators, such as cytokines, that modulate synaptic transmission and that alter the morphology of dendritic spines during the inflammatory process following injury. Thus, the expression and release of immune mediators in the brain parenchyma are closely linked to plastic morphophysiological changes in neuronal dendritic spines. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that these immune mediators are also implicated in learning and memory processes.

scholarly journals Standarization of a Protocol of Immunohistochemistry for the Detection of Brain Microglia in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Karol Ramírez Chan DDS, MSc, PhD ◽  
Jaime Jaime Fornaguera-Trías PhD
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Microglia Morphology

Objective: Standardize a protocol of immunohistochemistry that has been widely used in C57BL/6J mice to identify microglia of the central nervous system in Wistar rats.  Materials and Methods: This research activity was carried out in two parts. In the first part, a protocol of immunohistochemistry was implemented to identify microglia in the central nervous system of 6 Wistar rats. A primary antibody with reactivity to rat and a specific secondary antibody to the primary were used. Once the protocol was established in rats' brains, an immunological challenge was produced with the intraperitoneal application of lipopolysaccharide in 2 Wistar rats, in order to evidence the changes in microglia morphology.  Results and Discussion: We demonstrate that without making major modifications to the original protocol, it can also be used to identify microglia in adult Wistar rats. In the near future, this immunostaining protocol will be applied to elucidate the bidirectional interaction between the brain and the immune system, under homeostatic conditions and different physiological and pathological stimuli.

scholarly journals Effects of tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol combination and its specific antagonist on AMPK in the brain of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Hong-bin Wang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Jian-hua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Antagonist ◽  
Sedation And Analgesia ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIntroduction:Tiletamine-xylazine-tramadol (XFM) has few side effects and can provide good sedation and analgesia. Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate trigeminal neuralgia. The study aimed to investigate the effects of XFM and its specific antagonist on AMPK in different regions of the brain.Material and Methods:A model of XFM in the rat was established. A total of 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three equally sized groups: XFM anaesthesia (M group), antagonist (W group), and XFM with antagonist interactive groups (MW group). Eighteen SD rats were in the control group and were injected intraperitoneally with saline (C group). The rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and brain stem were immediately separated, in order to detect AMPKα mRNA expression by quantitative PCR.Results:XFM was able to increase the mRNA expression of AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in all brain regions, and the antagonist caused the opposite effect, although the effects of XFM could not be completely reversed in some areas.Conclusion:XFM can influence the expression of AMPK in the central nervous system of the rat, which can provide a reference for the future development of anaesthetics for animals.

scholarly journals The Impact of Neurofeedback on Clinical Signs of Children That Have Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Samaneh Hedayati Manesh ◽  
Azam Alikhademi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was an attempt to examine the impact of Neurofeedback on clinical signs of Children that have attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. The participants of this study 24 boys (6-11) that afflicted to ADHD. The participants of the study randomly divided into two groups and were selected to participate in the study. The experimental group received the Neurofeedback treatment (8 weeks, three sessions in a week). The control group, on the other hand was placed in a wait list. After treatment, CBCL, IVA, QEEG were administered between two groups. The analysis of data revealed that Nero feedback has a significant impact on ADHD children. Moreover, Neurofeedback treatment leads to improve attention deficit disorder and decrease impulsivity in ADHD children.

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