scholarly journals The Place of the Alluvial-Meadow-Forest Soils of the Southern Slope of the Great Caucasus Within Azerbaijan in the International System WRB

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
International System ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

scholarly journals Diagnostics and Soil Forming Characteristics of Alluvial-Meadow Soils of Ganykh-Ayrichay Valley, Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Vilayat Gasanov ◽  
Bahadur Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

This study is devoted to the influence of ecological conditions on soil forming and improving the nomenclature of alluvial-meadow-forest soils in the flood plains of the subtropical forest-shrubby zone within Azerbaijan. On the basis of detailed soil mapping, the primary areal of soil units and the structure of soil cover were determined in the area of the Ganykh-Ayrichay valley. The spatial distribution of primary soil units, genetic features and diagnostic indexes (extend of bedding and development of the soil profile, thickness of the decomposedaccumulative layer, content of humus, total nitrogen, base saturation, particle size distribution, etc.) of stratified and typical suborders of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are identified. The turbidity and content of the weighted deposits of stream water is determined using regime-measurements. The weighted deposits contain a considerable amount of humus (1.2–1.8%) and its water soluble part, total nitrogen (0.09–0.13%) which significantly affects the morphogenetic diagnostics of the above described soils. The status of the humus content is characterized by a high activity, in which humic acid (15.3–20.8%) and fulvic acid (16.2–22.5%) dominate significantly, while the third fraction riches to 1.23–2.30% in the selective-group content. The ratio of Ch.a.:Cf.a. reaches to 0.88–0.93 in the leached soil profile (5.8–6.0), while reaching to 1.19–1.32 in carbonated soils (7.3–7.5). The total chemical composition of soils shows that the profile of leached soil is characterized by increasing the SiO2 (60.2–64.0%) content and sesquioxides (Al2O3=17.6–19.5%, Fe2O3=8.5–10.3%) and the carbonated suborders contain more CaO (7.1–9.2%). The active form of iron (Fe3+=182–496; Fe2+=56–123 mg 100 g soil) hints the insufficiency content in carbonated soils.

AGROPHYSICAL INDICATORS OF ALLUVIAL MEADOW-FOREST SOILS OF THE KUBA-KHACHMAZ ZONE OF AZERBAIJAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Mammadov ◽  
R.I. Osmanov ◽  
R.A. Pashayev ◽  
Z.B. Mammadbekova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Dimensions of plane and solid angles and their units in the International System of Units (SI)

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
M. I. Kalinin ◽  
L. K. Isaev ◽  
F. V. Bulygin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Angle ◽  
International System ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
International System Of Units ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
In Series ◽  
Solid Angles

The situation that has developed in the International System of Units (SI) as a result of adopting the recommendation of the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 1980, which proposed to consider plane and solid angles as dimensionless derived quantities, is analyzed. It is shown that the basis for such a solution was a misunderstanding of the mathematical formula relating the arc length of a circle with its radius and corresponding central angle, as well as of the expansions of trigonometric functions in series. From the analysis presented in the article, it follows that a plane angle does not depend on any of the SI quantities and should be assigned to the base quantities, and its unit, the radian, should be added to the base SI units. A solid angle, in this case, turns out to be a derived quantity of a plane angle. Its unit, the steradian, is a coherent derived unit equal to the square radian.

RADIOCARBON DATING DYNAMICS OF LANDSLIDES IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE MZYMTA RIVER BASIN (WESTERN CAUCASUS)

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Vasil’chuk ◽  
E. S. Slyshkina ◽  
A. V. Bershov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Ancient Landslide

The article contains materials on the study of landslide deposits in the upper reaches of the Mzymta river basin. The results of14C analysis showed that the youngest landslides are common on the southern slope of the Psekhako Ridge and date back to less than 200 and 390±90, 400±70 years ago BP and more than 770±150 years BP. The most ancient landslide-collapse on the northern slope of the Aibga Ridge and dates back to 1110±90 years BP.

The Southern Slope of Monsalvat: How Spanish Wagnerism Became Catalan

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Symphonic Culture ◽  
Similar Dynamic ◽  
The Way

This article examines the development of Wagnerism in late-nineteenth-century Spain, focusing on how it became an integral part of Catalan nationalism. The reception of Wagner's music and ideas in Spain was determined by the country's uneven economic development and the weakness of its musical and political institutions—the same weaknesses that were responsible for the rise of Catalan nationalism. Lack of a symphonic culture in Spain meant that audiences were not prepared to comprehend Wagner's complexity, but that same complexity made Wagner's ideas acceptable to Spanish reformers who saw in the composer an exemplar of the European ideas needed to fix Spanish problems. Thus, when Wagner's operas were first staged in Spain, the Teatro Real de Madrid stressed Wagner's continuity with operas of the past; however, critics and audiences engaged with the works as difficult forms of modern music. The rejection of Wagner in the Spanish capital cleared the way for his ideas to be adopted in Catalonia. A similar dynamic occurred as Spanish composers tried to meld Wagner into their attempts to build a nationalist school of opera composition. The failure of Tomás Bréton's Los amantes de Teruel and Garín cleared the way for Felip Pedrell's more successful theoretical fusion of Wagnerism and nationalism. While Pedrell's opera Els Pirineus was a failure, his explanation of how Wagner's ideals and nationalism could be fused in the treatise Por nuestra música cemented the link between Catalan culture and Wagnerism.

The Cold War and After

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Trachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International System ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Book Deal ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
Shed Light

What makes for war or for a stable international system? Are there general principles that should govern foreign policy? This book explores how historical work can throw light on these questions. The essays in this book deal with specific problems—with such matters as nuclear strategy and U.S.–European relations. But the book's main goal is to show how in practice a certain type of scholarly work can be done. The book demonstrates how, in studying international politics, the conceptual and empirical sides of the analysis can be made to connect with each other, and how historical, theoretical, and even policy issues can be tied together in an intellectually respectable way. These essays address a wide variety of topics, from theoretical and policy issues, such as the question of preventive war and the problem of international order, to more historical subjects—for example, American policy on Eastern Europe in 1945 and Franco-American relations during the Nixon–Pompidou period. But in each case, the aim is to show how a theoretical perspective can be brought to bear on the analysis of historical issues, and how historical analysis can shed light on basic conceptual problems.

Aftershocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
National Borders

Over the past century, democracy spread around the world in turbulent bursts of change, sweeping across national borders in dramatic cascades of revolution and reform. This book offers a new global-oriented explanation for this wavelike spread and retreat—not only of democracy but also of its twentieth-century rivals, fascism, and communism. The book argues that waves of regime change are driven by the aftermath of cataclysmic disruptions to the international system. These hegemonic shocks, marked by the sudden rise and fall of great powers, have been essential and often-neglected drivers of domestic transformations. Though rare and fleeting, they not only repeatedly alter the global hierarchy of powerful states but also create unique and powerful opportunities for sweeping national reforms—by triggering military impositions, swiftly changing the incentives of domestic actors, or transforming the basis of political legitimacy itself. As a result, the evolution of modern regimes cannot be fully understood without examining the consequences of clashes between great powers, which repeatedly—and often unsuccessfully—sought to cajole, inspire, and intimidate other states into joining their camps.

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