scholarly journals First- and Second-generation Health Condition Affected by Radiation

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
R. Aldashukurov ◽  
A. Abdykarova ◽  
D. Israilova ◽  
G. Askarbekova ◽  
Zh. Abdullaeva

Research relevance: article presents the incidence of children and grandchildren for 2018–2019 of liquidator workers who took part in cleaning up the contaminated area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, as well as residents evacuated from the city of Pripyat and other settlements within a radius of 70 km from the station. The consequences of radiation exposure of Chernobyl accident remain a topical issue. Research objectives: in order to study health status of children and grandchildren of liquidators, outpatient cards and reporting forms no. 15-zdrav “On medical care for people affected by radiation and included in the Kyrgyz State Medical and Dosimetric Register” examined. Research materials and methods: diseases of the endocrine and nervous systems, nutritional disorders, metabolic disorders, mental disorders, diseases of the eye and its adnexa, ear diseases of and mastoid process were studied. Circulatory and respiratory system diseases were analyzed. Research results: animal and cell culture studies show that high doses of ionizing radiation can lead to mutations in offspring. However, there have not been sufficiently large-scale studies on humans that would allow assessing the effect of radiation on the health of offspring. The exposure provokes mutations and incurable diseases, but it is still unclear how it might affect the children affected. It is known that exposure to ionizing radiation increases DNA mutagenesis compared to background values. Conclusions: obtained data substantiate the need for further monitoring of their health, organization of differentiated dispensary observation of this contingent and timely implementation of medical, rehabilitation and preventive measures in order to preserve health of “children and grandchildren of Chernobyl” at all subsequent stages of their life.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Р.М. Яковлев ◽  
И.А. Обухова

Large-scale nuclear energetics can satisfy demands for all kinds of energy, i.e. it can secure energy safety of Russia and the whole humankind; however, this is associated with a number of daunting problems. With that, this approach is a priority for Russia. The State Corporation RosAtom is involved in the development of nuclear reactors in Russia and abroad on the conditions that the reactors will be supplied with nuclear fuel from Russia and the spent fuel will be returned to Russia for conversion into mixed uranium and plutonium oxide (MOX) fuel. In the city Zheleznogorsk near Krasnoyarsk, the first production line of a plant for treating 2000 tons of spent nuclear fuel annually has been already launched. The principal strategic plan of RosAtom, which has been being realized currently, is to develop nuclear power production based on fuel recycling using fast neutron reactors for generation of plutonium, which may be used in nuclear weapons and is most hazardous for the biosphere. The possibility of accidents associated with radioactive discharges cannot be excluded, and the hazardousness of such accidents in increased by using plutonium-based fuels. The nuclear power-based approach to energy production is costly but also dangerous not only for Russia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Ludovici ◽  
M. G. Cascone ◽  
T. Huber ◽  
A. Chierici ◽  
P. Gaudio ◽  
...  

AbstractIonizing radiation is ubiquitous in the environment. Its source can be natural, such as radioactive materials present in soil and cosmic rays, or artificial, such as the fuel for nuclear power plants. Overexposure to ionizing radiation may damage living tissue and could cause severe health problems (i.e., mutations, radiation sickness, cancer, and death). Cytogenetic bio-dosimetry has the great advantage to take into account the inter-individual variation, and it is informative even when physical dosimetry is not applicable; moreover, it is the definitive method to assess exposure to ionizing radiation recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Such a procedure involves counting the frequency of dicentric chromosomes (DCs), which are the most studied chromosomal aberrations used as absorbed radiation biomarkers, during the metaphase of cells. A set of algorithms, tested on different programming languages to automatically identify DCs, is analyzed by the authors together with an Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifying software (ADCI) mostly based on OpenCV programming libraries. The purpose of this work is to review the main results regarding the correlation between ionizing radiation and dicentric chromosomes in cytogenetic bio-dosimetry.


Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
Yu. V. Gudz’ ◽  
G. Yu. Sokurenko ◽  
D. F. Magdanov

Relevance. About 5 million people suffered from the large-scale Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) accident in 1986, mainly citizens of Russia and Republic of Belarus. Governments of these states and the Union State of Russia-Belarus created on December 8, 1999 have been consistently implementing for many years a set of targeted programs and measures to provide special, including high-tech, medical assistance to the Chernobyl accident survivors. Features, profiles, types and amount of high-tech medical care for the Chernobyl accident survivors need to be summarized and are the basis for improving its budgeting within the Union State. Intention. To identify, on the basis of long-term data, the features, main profiles, types and amount of high-tech medical care for survivors of the Chernobyl accident in 2014-2020.Methodology. There were analyzed 843 medical records of Chernobyl accident survivors who received high-tech medical care in the multidisciplinary clinic N 2 of the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia (St. Petersburg).Results and Discussion. High-tech medical care for Chernobyl accident survivors implies waiting lists and forecast parameters, preliminary treatment of comorbidities and medical rehabilitation afterwards. Profiles, types, amount of hightech medical care over 2014-2020 are described. Most popular high-tech care included cardiovascular, traumatology and orthopedics and ophthalmology interventions.Conclusion. Data provide an important basis for planning the types of high-tech medical care for the Chernobyl accident survivors within the framework of the targeted activities of the Union State.


Since it was detected in November 2019, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has been expanding across different continents, having been characterized as the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020.This is a study descriptive and retrospective of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalized in a field hospital in the city of Recife in the period from April 2020 to September 2020. The Campaign Hospitals dedicated to the care of clinical patients, victims of infectious diseases, have the following basic characteristics: rapid construction, a large-scale temporary structure. From April 2020 to September 2020, 1,592 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome were confirmed in the hospital evaluated. There were 1,502 notifications and among these 90 were not notified because they had already been notified in emergency services with positive results. Regarding the reported cases, 54% of the individuals were male and the most affected were the age group between sixty and sixty-nine years old 363(22.8%).SARS is a notifiable disease; therefore, all suspected cases must be reported and investigated by the health services using the standard Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN).This study may provide subsidies to understand the aspects involved in the occurrence of the disease, so that the prevention and coping with COVID-19 are consistent with the assistance provided by health surveillance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1640-1643
Author(s):  
Rupesh Sultane ◽  
Bharat Rathi

The novel SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, last year and has since caused a large scale COVID-19 epidemic and spread all over the world countries is the product of natural evolution. On 30th January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health disaster of international alarm over this global pneumonia epidemic. All the people are trying to prevent from coming in contact with coronavirus. Govt of India, and it's all allied organizations working together and trying hard to control it and avoid the situation of community transmission. Nationwide lockdown helped to control the transmission but after unlock it transmitted speedily in the community which is the alarming sign for everyone. In this review mode of transmission and disinfection measures are described thoroughly so that common people can understand its gravity and follow the measures stringently. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.


Author(s):  
С. Л. Подвальный ◽  
О. А. Сотникова ◽  
Я. А. Золотухина

Постановка задачи. В настоящее время формирование современной комфортной городской среды приобретает особое социально-экономическое значение и выдвигается в число приоритетных государственных масштабных программ. В связи с этим необходимо разработать концепцию благоустройства ключевого общественного пространства, а именно: определить основные и сопутствующие функции данной территории, создать эскизное предложение проекта благоустройства с учетом всех необходимых норм и стандартов, внедрить современные технологии. Результаты. Выполнен эскизный дизайн-проект «Аллеи архитекторов» по ул. Орджоникидзе г. Воронеж, включающий в себя основные элементы по зонированию территории, проектированию акцентных объектов и внедрению инновационных технологий «умного города», позволяющих повысить уровень комфорта горожан. Выводы. Благоустройство населенных мест приобретает особое значение в условиях дискомфорта среды. С выполнением комплекса мероприятий, направленных на благоустройство, и с внедрением современных технологий значительно улучшается экологическое состояние, внешний облик города. Оздоровление и модернизация среды, которая окружает человека в городе, благотворно влияет на психофизическое состояние, что особенно важно в период интенсивного роста городов. Statement of the problem. Currently the formation of the modern comfortable urban environment is gaining a special social and economic value and moving forward in the priorities of state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, design of the outline offer of the project of improvement considering all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of “Alley of Architects” includes the basic elements of territory zoning, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of a “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants. Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, the physical appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.


Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Dolores Brandis García

Since the late 20th century major, European cities have exhibited large projects driven by neoliberal urban planning policies whose aim is to enhance their position on the global market. By locating these projects in central city areas, they also heighten and reinforce their privileged situation within the city as a whole, thus contributing to deepening the centre–periphery rift. The starting point for this study is the significance and scope of large projects in metropolitan cities’ urban planning agendas since the final decade of the 20th century. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the correlation between the various opposing conservative and progressive urban policies, and the projects put forward, for the city of Madrid. A study of documentary sources and the strategies deployed by public and private agents are interpreted in the light of a process during which the city has had a succession of alternating governments defending opposing urban development models. This analysis allows us to conclude that the predominant large-scale projects proposed under conservative policies have contributed to deepening the centre–periphery rift appreciated in the city.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Atsuo Murata ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski

This study explores the root causes of the Fukushima Daiichi disaster and discusses how the complexity and tight coupling in large-scale systems should be reduced under emergencies such as station blackout (SBO) to prevent future disasters. First, on the basis of a summary of the published literature on the Fukushima Daiichi disaster, we found that the direct causes (i.e., malfunctions and problems) included overlooking the loss of coolant and the nuclear reactor’s failure to cool down. Second, we verified that two characteristics proposed in “normal accident” theory—high complexity and tight coupling—underlay each of the direct causes. These two characteristics were found to have made emergency management more challenging. We discuss how such disasters in large-scale systems with high complexity and tight coupling could be prevented through an organizational and managerial approach that can remove asymmetry of authority and information and foster a climate of openly discussing critical safety issues in nuclear power plants.


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