scholarly journals High-tech medical care for Chernobyl accident survivors: features, profiles, types, amount

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
Yu. V. Gudz’ ◽  
G. Yu. Sokurenko ◽  
D. F. Magdanov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Radiation Medicine ◽  
Important Basis

Relevance. About 5 million people suffered from the large-scale Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) accident in 1986, mainly citizens of Russia and Republic of Belarus. Governments of these states and the Union State of Russia-Belarus created on December 8, 1999 have been consistently implementing for many years a set of targeted programs and measures to provide special, including high-tech, medical assistance to the Chernobyl accident survivors. Features, profiles, types and amount of high-tech medical care for the Chernobyl accident survivors need to be summarized and are the basis for improving its budgeting within the Union State. Intention. To identify, on the basis of long-term data, the features, main profiles, types and amount of high-tech medical care for survivors of the Chernobyl accident in 2014-2020.Methodology. There were analyzed 843 medical records of Chernobyl accident survivors who received high-tech medical care in the multidisciplinary clinic N 2 of the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia (St. Petersburg).Results and Discussion. High-tech medical care for Chernobyl accident survivors implies waiting lists and forecast parameters, preliminary treatment of comorbidities and medical rehabilitation afterwards. Profiles, types, amount of hightech medical care over 2014-2020 are described. Most popular high-tech care included cardiovascular, traumatology and orthopedics and ophthalmology interventions.Conclusion. Data provide an important basis for planning the types of high-tech medical care for the Chernobyl accident survivors within the framework of the targeted activities of the Union State.

scholarly journals SPECIALIZED AND HIGH-TECH MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE VICTIMS OF THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL NPP IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE UNION STATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
K. K. Rogalev ◽  
Yu. V. Gudz ◽  
S. V. Dudarenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Radiation Medicine

This paper presents the experience and features of the organization and provision of specialized and hightech medical care to victims of the Chernobyl accident in the framework of the activities of the Union State in the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia. It reveals the features of the morbidity, disability and mortality of the injured in the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The paper presents the data on the types and amount of medical assistance provided to victims of the Chernobyl accident for the period from 2007 to 2018 as well as the features of the organization of rendering specialized, including hi-tech, medical assistance and medical rehabilitation to participants of liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl accident and inhabitants of the radioactively contaminated territories.

scholarly journals Specialized Medical Care for Victims of Chernobyl Accident: Specifics of Organization, Types and Volumes, Leading Classes of Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
S.S. Aleksanin ◽  
◽  
V.Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
Yu.V. Gudz’ ◽  
K.K. Rogalyov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Accident Research ◽  
Radiation Medicine

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience and identify the features of the organization and provision of specialized medical care (SpMP) to victims of the Chernobyl accident on the basis of the A. M. Nikiforov All-Russian centre of emergency and radiation medicine of EMERCOM of Russia. Materials and methods of research. Materials of the study were the data on types and volume of specialized medical assistance in 2014-2020 on the basis of the Centre; on the leading classes of diseases demanding specialized medical care in remote period to those affected by the Chernobyl accident. Research results and their analysis. 1. The system of organization of specialized medical care for victims of the Chernobyl accident in the framework of the Union State of Russia – Belarus includes 5 main stages: planning, coordination, information and analytical, hospital and final – analytical stages. 2. The main reasons for hospitalization of victims of the Chernobyl accident were diseases of the circulatory system, of the digestive system and of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. 3. When providing therapeutic SpMP, special attention was paid to the diagnosis and correction of comorbid pathology; when providing surgical SpMP, to individual selection of anesthetic aids, the use of minimally invasive endoscopic surgical interventions and prevention of postoperative complications. 4. The main reasons for medical rehabilitation were diseases of the Central nervous system and sensory organs, diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system and peripheral nervous system.

scholarly journals SPECIALIZED MEDICAL CARE IN A ROUND-THE-CLOCK HOSPITAL FOR CITIZENS EXPOSED TO RADIATION AS A RESULT OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
K. K. Rogalev ◽  
V. A. Tarita
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Chernobyl Disaster ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Relevance. About 800 thousand citizens of the Russian Federation were affected as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, almost a quarter of them were liquidators of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (LCDs). LCDs are among the most affected categories of Russian citizens. They usually have up to 12-15 somatic diseases and receive specialized inpatient treatment. Data on their morbidity structure and characteristics need to be generalized and are the basis for improving the organization of specialized medical care.Intention. To identify the characteristics of morbidity and the main classes of diseases in those suffered from the Chernobyl disaster in the remote period when providing specialized medical care in a round-the-clock hospital, from 2016 to 2018. Methodology. There were analyzed 4195 medical records of the LCDs who underwent inpatient treatment in multidisciplinary clinics of the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia, in the framework of the activities of the Union State in 2016–2018.Results and Discussion. The features of the morbidity of those affected by the Chernobyl disaster (LCDs and residents of radiation-contaminated territories) are shown. The main classes of diseases are presented in the distant period when providing specialized medical care in the round-the-clock hospital. The features of the organization of specialized medical care have been identified, in particular, the need has been substantiated for the provision of not only specialized therapeutic, but also specialized, including high-tech, surgical care, as well as medical rehabilitation in the preoperative and postoperative periods, after severe injuries and somatic diseases. The need for the creation and use of unified standards for the provision of special- ized therapeutic treatment to those affected by the Chernobyl disaster was confirmed. The necessity of providing specialized medical assistance to those affected by the Chernobyl disaster as part of the Union State target programs (Russia - Belarus) in addition to the State Guarantees Program for providing Russian citizens with free medical care using targeted methods of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation is substantiated. The implementation of the proposals presented in this article will undoubtedly improve the availability and quality of specialized medical care for this cohort.Conclusion. The features of the morbidity rates and the main classes of diseases revealed and presented in the article for those affected by the Chernobyl disaster in the long-term period when providing specialized medical care in a round-the- clock hospital are the basis for planning the types of specialized medical care for this cohort within the framework of targeted programs and activities of the Union State.

scholarly journals Long-Term Aging of Chernobyl Fuel Debris: Corium and “Lava”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Bella Zubekhina ◽  
Boris Burakov ◽  
Ekaterina Silanteva ◽  
Yuri Petrov ◽  
Vasiliy Yapaskurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chemical Alteration ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Important Basis

Samples of Chernobyl fuel debris, including massive corium and “lava” were collected inside the Chernobyl “Sarcophagus” or “Shelter” in 1990, transported to Leningrad (St. Petersburg) and stored under laboratory conditions for many years. In 2011 aged samples were visually re-examined and it was confirmed that most of them remained intact, although some evidence of self-destruction and chemical alteration were clearly observed. Selected samples of corium and “lava” were affected by static leaching at temperatures of 25, 90 and 150 °C in distilled water. A normalized Pu mass loss (NLPu) from corium samples after 140 days was noted to be 0.5 g/m2 at 25 °C and 1.1 g/m2 at 90 °C. For “lava” samples NLPu was 2.2–2.3 g/m2 at 90 °C for 140 days. The formation of secondary uranyl phases on the surface of corium and “lava” samples altered at 150 °C was confirmed. The results obtained are considered as an important basis for the simulation of fuel debris aging at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP).

Lessons for Health Service: the Chernobyl Accident and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
A. Bushmanov ◽  
I. Galstyan ◽  
V. Solov'ev ◽  
M. Konchalovsky
Keyword(s):  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emergency Drugs ◽  
To Receive

Purpose: The article is devoted to the analysis of organizational measures to overcome the medical consequences of two large-scale events: the Chernobyl accident on 26.04.1986 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A comparison of the causes, key factors, numbers affected and involved in these events persons, and the availability of the source of knowledge about the clinical picture, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, developing as a result of radiation exposure and the virus SARS-Cov-2. The article considers the availability of special medical institutions, the infectability of medical workers, the presence of long-term consequences for the health of victims and for the economy. Conclusions: In the development of such catastrophic events, an important role should be played by 1) Timely and adequate information to the population. 2) It is necessary to have a sufficient number of beds that can be repurposed in accordance with the needs and provided with appropriate equipment to support the vital functions of the body. 3) Planned training of qualified medical personnel should be carried out. 4) It is necessary to have stocks of emergency drugs close to the institutions where it is possible to receive victims.

The Application of Heat Pipe Discharge Containment Heat Experimental Study: New Type of Passive Containment Heat Removal System Concept Design

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqi Qin ◽  
Daogang Lu ◽  
Shengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Heat Removal System ◽  
Removal System ◽  
Residual Heat

Practice has proved that nuclear power technology development and operation of nuclear power is a clean, safe and large-scale provided stable power. AP1000 uses a large number of passive safety technologies. Passive residual heat removal system is an important part, in the long-term cooling stage of nuclear reactor normal operating conditions or accident conditions, to prevent the core meltdown. The research of this paper is to solve the long-term discharge of residual heat of the containment in the accident condition of nuclear power plant. Based on the passive heat removal system of AP1000, combined with the heat transfer characteristics and advantages of heat pipes, the PRHR system is further improved on the basis of the present situation, and a conceptual design of passive containment residual heat removal system is proposed. In order to further verify the feasibility of the conceptual design, we make a simplified simulation of small containment test bench to carry out experimental verification and give a detailed experimental design.

scholarly journals Main Problems in Organization of Specialized Medical Care, Including High-Tech Traumatologic and Orthopaedic Care, to Children in Novosibirsk Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
L. S Shalygina ◽  
T. A Myl’nikova ◽  
E. A Finchenko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Official Statistic ◽  
Health Ministry ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Orthopaedic Care ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Complex Evaluation

Complex evaluation of the state and organization of specialized medical care, including high-tech traumatologic and orthopaedic care, to children in Novosibirsk region is presented. Official statistic data from CITO named after N.N. Priorov, Health Ministry of Novosiborsk region and basic indices of the Health Ministry of Novosiborsk region for 2005-2012 have been used. The main problems in organization of expert traumatologic and orthopaedic care to children in Novosibirsk region were identified: poor diagnosis of osteomuscular system diseases resulting from insufficient training of trauma and orthopaedic surgeons, general and pediatric surgeons; imbalance in territorial distribution of the staff. All that condition low availability of expert medical care for rural population, including the high-tech one; imbalance in the volume of medical care; non-compliance of bedspace structure with the recommended standards (deficit of orthopaedic beds); low level of medical rehabilitation; insufficient volumes of high-tech medical care. The revealed shortcomings should be taken in consideration at elaboration of measures directed to the perfection of specialized traumatologic and orthopaedic care to children in Novosibirsk region.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Sense of Coherence (SOC) for Long-term Evacuees after a Large-Scale Disaster in Japan

2022 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Manami Yasuda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Public Health Issue

Disasters has been occurring frequently all over the world, and an increasing number of people have been forced to continue their evacuation life for a long time. In the aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in Japan, some people are still unable to return to their homes due to radioactive contamination and are forced to live as evacuees for long periods of time. It is considered a serious public health issue to keep mentality healthy under the stress of living after the disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the factors that affect the sense of coherence (SOC), which is considered as the ability to cope with stress and maintain health, in residents who continue to live as evacuees after a large-scale disaster. The method was a self-administered questionnaire survey of 1,602 long-term evacuees in Japan. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with the high and low SOC score groups as dependent variables in order to identify factors that predicted high and low SOC. The results showed that the SOC tended to decrease in the elderly and those with deteriorating mental health. On the other hand, those who were active in education and hobbies, and those who socialized with their neighbors and friends tended to have the higher SOC. In order to support residents who have been forced to continue living as evacuees for a long period of time, it is important to provide them with psychological and emotional support to prevent them from being emotionally overwhelmed, as well as living environment improvement and economic support. It was suggested that the promotion of resident-led activities that lead to mental relaxation and the introduction of stress reduction methods that can be easily adopted by residents are effective in maintaining mental health.

scholarly journals The Application of Biomechanics on Orthopaedic Rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-01
Author(s):  
Jerzy E. Kiwerski
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Management ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
Home Conditions

Development in medicine in large scale merits the development of biomechanical and biomedical engineering. This highly concerns with the medical rehabilitation, which according to the modern understanding is the interdisciplinary management aiming at recovering or improving efficiency of the organism which is beyond the ability of pure medical [1]. Model of Polish rehabilitation is based on four basic principles: early application of rehabilitation, it’s universality, complexity and continuity procedures. Early application of rehabilitation prevents from development of unwanted changes such as: contractures, muscular atrophies, trophic abnormalities and decreases the frequent negative outcomes due to long term immobilization [2].Complexion principles defines then interdisciplinary character, paying attention at the importance increasing maximum care to improve the activities disabled, supplying him with necessary prosthetic – orthotic equipment in order to easy the performance of activities at home conditions, environment and if possible – come back to professional job.

scholarly journals First- and Second-generation Health Condition Affected by Radiation

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
R. Aldashukurov ◽  
A. Abdykarova ◽  
D. Israilova ◽  
G. Askarbekova ◽  
Zh. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The City

Research relevance: article presents the incidence of children and grandchildren for 2018–2019 of liquidator workers who took part in cleaning up the contaminated area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, as well as residents evacuated from the city of Pripyat and other settlements within a radius of 70 km from the station. The consequences of radiation exposure of Chernobyl accident remain a topical issue. Research objectives: in order to study health status of children and grandchildren of liquidators, outpatient cards and reporting forms no. 15-zdrav “On medical care for people affected by radiation and included in the Kyrgyz State Medical and Dosimetric Register” examined. Research materials and methods: diseases of the endocrine and nervous systems, nutritional disorders, metabolic disorders, mental disorders, diseases of the eye and its adnexa, ear diseases of and mastoid process were studied. Circulatory and respiratory system diseases were analyzed. Research results: animal and cell culture studies show that high doses of ionizing radiation can lead to mutations in offspring. However, there have not been sufficiently large-scale studies on humans that would allow assessing the effect of radiation on the health of offspring. The exposure provokes mutations and incurable diseases, but it is still unclear how it might affect the children affected. It is known that exposure to ionizing radiation increases DNA mutagenesis compared to background values. Conclusions: obtained data substantiate the need for further monitoring of their health, organization of differentiated dispensary observation of this contingent and timely implementation of medical, rehabilitation and preventive measures in order to preserve health of “children and grandchildren of Chernobyl” at all subsequent stages of their life.

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